By Fateen Mubarak EMBEDDED SYSTEMS DESIGN (EE 4314)

1
Embedded Systems Design
(EE-4314)
Fateen Mubarak
Lecture # 7
18
th
September 2013
By Fateen Mubarak EMBEDDED SYSTEMS DESIGN (EE 4314)
2
Embedded design considerations
By Fateen Mubarak EMBEDDED SYSTEMS DESIGN (EE 4314)
3
Embedded design considerations
I wish to have the best embedded system, but I could accept
the right solution.
Success
Time-to-Market
Budget/Cost
($$)
Team
Capability
Market Need
System Performance
Interface/
Communication
Power
Life-cycle/Reliability
Regulations
Sensor
Software
Memory
Control
By Fateen Mubarak EMBEDDED SYSTEMS DESIGN (EE 4314)
4
Interesting survey results about embedded design
These results are based on a 2011 study of the embedded space by UBM
Electronics in conjunction with EE Times and Embedded System Design.
An embedded design team has 13.5 members on average
62% software, remaining hardware.

Looking at embedded projects
43% focused on brand new developments.
57% are upgrades to existing embedded systems.

Projects take 12 months to complete on average.
57% finished late or were cancelled.

Design teams reused 87% of existing code.
[Source] Sanjay Challa, How FPGAs, multicore CPUs, and graphical programming are changing
embedded design, EE Times 5/9/2012
By Fateen Mubarak EMBEDDED SYSTEMS DESIGN (EE 4314)
5
Communication Protocols
By Fateen Mubarak EMBEDDED SYSTEMS DESIGN (EE 4314)
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Why communication protocol?
Embedded System as stand alone Systems:
exchange of data between sensors or other passive devices.
Embedded System as a part of system:
exchange of data between other systems and sensors as a part
of complete System.
Therefore a communication protocol in an Embedded
System is used:
To guarantee that the timing requirements of all tasks are met.
To guarantee that there is no loss of information.
To guarantee that the receiver and sender have the same
information.
By Fateen Mubarak EMBEDDED SYSTEMS DESIGN (EE 4314)
7
What is a communication protocol?
Definition:
A set of formal rules describing how to
exchange data
Levels of Protocols:
Low Level Interface
(Electrical Characteristics, Physical interface etc)
High Level Interface
(Bit formatting, data encoding, syntax, special bits,
timing etc)
By Fateen Mubarak EMBEDDED SYSTEMS DESIGN (EE 4314)
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Types of communication protocol?
Communication Protocol Types:
Wired Communication Protocols:
Serial
RS-232
RS-485
I2C
SPI
CAN
USB
MIL-STD 1553
MIL-STD 429
MIL-STD 1773
Wireless Communication Protocols:
IR
RF


Parallel
8 Bit bus Interface
16 Bit bus Interface
32 Bit bus Interface
64 Bit bus Interface
etc
By Fateen Mubarak EMBEDDED SYSTEMS DESIGN (EE 4314)
9
UART
UART: Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter
Takes parallel data and transmits serially
Receives serial data and converts to parallel
Parity:
extra bit for simple error checking
Even and Odd Parity
Start bit, stop bit
Baud rate
signal changes per second
bit rate usually higher
By Fateen Mubarak EMBEDDED SYSTEMS DESIGN (EE 4314)
11
UART structure
It contains
Configuration Registers
Two independently operating processors
Transmit Buffer and Receive Buffer
Parity
By Fateen Mubarak EMBEDDED SYSTEMS DESIGN (EE 4314)
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UART
The transmission rate at which the bits are
sent and received is known as Baud Rate
115200 b/sec
1 bit = 8.68 usec
Total Number of Bits in a packet (Protocol)
1 start bit, 8 data bits , 1 parity bit ,1/2 stop bit
Stop Bit is important