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Application Report

SLUA704 March 2014

Frequency Dithering with the UCC28180 and TLV3201


Yunsheng Qu High Performance Isolated Power
ABSTRACT
Forsomepowersupplies,evenaftercarefulconsiderationsthroughoutthedesigncycle,the
issueofElectromagneticInterference(EMI)stillremains.UseofFrequencyDitheringisan
effectiveandsimplewaytopassEMCcompliancetesting.Thisapplicationnoteprovidesa
simplecircuittoimplementfrequencyditheringfortheUCC28180.
Contents

ABSTRACT........................................................................................................................................1
1Introduction..................................................................................................................................2
2TypicalPFCconverterwithUCC28180.........................................................................................2
3InternalPWMoscillator................................................................................................................3
4SampleCircuitusedforDitheringthePWMOscillatorFrequency..............................................4
4.1frequencyditheringvariationgoalwithUCC28180..............................................................5
4.2componentscalculationofsamplecircuit.............................................................................5
4.3Finalcomponentsselection...................................................................................................7
5.CircuitPerformance.....................................................................................................................7
6.Systemperformancewithditheringcircuit...............................................................................10
6.1PFCrampupwithditheringcircuit......................................................................................10
6.2THDcomparisonwithditheringtowithoutdithering.........................................................10
7.Conclusions................................................................................................................................11
References.....................................................................................................................................11
Application Report
SLUA704 March 2014

Figures

Figure1.360WPFCconverterwithUCC28180.............................................................................3
Figure2.InternaloscillatorofUCC28180......................................................................................4
Figure3.TypicalDitherCircuitwithUCC28180andTLV32012.....................................................4
Figure4.VoltagewaveformofC1offrequencyditheringcircuit.................................................5
Figure5.ActualhardwaretestedofC1..........................................................................................7
Figure6.PWMsignaloftheUCC28180withditheringadded......................................................7
Figure7.PWMsignaloftheUCC28180withditheringadded(minimumfrequencyis58kHz)....8
Figure8.PWMsignaloftheUCC28180withditheringadded(centralfrequencyis65kHz).........8
Figure9.PWMsignaloftheUCC28180withditheringadded(maximumfrequencyis72.5kHz).9
Figure10.RampupwithditheringcircuitunderVin=110Vac/60Hz,380V0.4Aload....................9
Figure11.Inputcurrentwithandwithoutditheringcircuit..........................................................10

1 Introduction
Oneofthegreatestchallengesindesigningswitchingpowersuppliesislimitingits
ElectromagneticInterference(EMI)withotherelectronics.Inadditiontolayouttechniquesto
minimizehighdi/dtcurrentloopareasandsnubhighdv/dtnodes,extensivefiltering,slowing
switchingedges,andshielding,ditheringthepulsewidthmodulator(PWM)frequencyhas
proventobeaneffectivewaytoreduceEMIbychangingitfromnarrowbandtobroadband.To
demonstratehowtodesignsuchaditheringcircuit,thisapplicationnoteshowsasimple
exampleofusingaTLV3201comparatortoaddditherfunctiontoaUCC28180PFCcontroller.
ThecircuitusedtoditherthefrequencyisaccomplishedbytakingadvantageoftheUCC28180s
internaloscillator.
2 Typical PFC converter with UCC28180
Figure1isaschematicofa360WPFCconverterwithUCC28180thatwasdesignedfora
universalinputvoltage.ThisapplicationissimilartomanyPFCconvertersthatuseapulsewidth
modulator(PWM)tocontrolthepowerconverter.UCC28180isawiderangeprogrammable
switchingfrequencyPFCcontrollerbyconnectingaresistorfromFREQ(pin4)toground,soa
ditheringcircuitcanbeconnectedtoFREQ(pin4)todithertheswitchingfrequency.
Application Report
SLUA704 March 2014

Figure1.360WPFCconverterwithUCC28180
3 Internal PWM oscillator
Figure2showsafunctionalblockdiagramoftheinternalcircuitthatgeneratestheoscillator
signaloftheUCC28180.TheswitchingfrequencyissetupbyconnectingR1totheFREQpin.
OscillatorgetscurrentsignalI1,thefinalswitchfrequencyisproportionaltoI1.
Theswitchingfrequencyisdefinedas:
f=1.5*1417/RT(1)
Thisisasimplifiedversionoftheequationshowninthedatasheet.
WherefisinkHz,RTisink
Application Report
SLUA704 March 2014

FREQ
RT
InternalReference1.5V
I1
Oscillator
Frequencyis
proportional
toI1
FunctionalSchematicof
theInternalOscillatorof
UCC28180

Figure2.InternaloscillatorofUCC28180
4 Sample Circuit used for Dithering the PWM Oscillator Frequency
AtypicalcircuittoapplyfrequencyditheringfunctionisshowninFigure3below:

Figure3.TypicalDitherCircuitwithUCC28180andTLV3201
FortheUCC28180,theswitchingfrequencyissetbytheresistorvalueattheFREQpin,theFREQ
pinitselfhasaninternal1.5VsourceandthecurrentoutoftheFREQpindeterminesthe
switchingfrequencyofthecontroller,asshowninFigure2.

Application Report
SLUA704 March 2014

4.1 frequency dithering variation goal with UCC28180


Inthisexample,65kHzisselectedasthecentralswitchingfrequencyoftheUCC28180.Wewill
chooseaneffectiveditheringmagnitudeof7kHz,andditheringrateof2kHz.Becausecentral
switchfrequencyis65kHzandditheringmagnitudeis7kHz,sothemaximumswitchfrequency
is72kHzandtheminimumswitchfrequencyis58kHz.
4.2 components calculation of sample circuit
Basedonequation(1):
RT=1.5*1417/65=32.7(k)
SothecurrentoutofFREQpinis:I1=1.5V/32.7k=45.87A
DitheringcurrentoutofFREQpinis:I=(7kHz/65kHz)45.87A=4.94A
Theditheringcurrentcomesfromtheexternalfrequencyditheringcircuit.
SelectR5=100k,thevalueofR5affectsfrequencyditheringmagnitude.
TheripplevoltageofC1is:4.94A100k=0.494V.
ThevoltageofC1is1.5V0.494V,theminimumvoltageofC1is1.006V;themaximumvoltageof
C1is1.994V,asshowninFigure4.

Figure4.VoltagewaveformofC1offrequencyditheringcircuit,Ch3isPWM
Application Report
SLUA704 March 2014

A3Vbiasvoltageisneededforfrequencyditheringcircuittogetsymmetricaldithering,because
thevoltageofFREQpinis1.5V.Ifbiasvoltageisselectedtobe5V,thefrequencydithering
circuitwouldnotbesymmetrical,itisbettertoselect3Vasbiasvoltageoffrequencydithering
circuittogetbestEMCperformance.
R4limitschargeanddischargecurrentforC1,andtimefactorofR4andC1determinesdithering
rate
A. Uponinitialpowerup,thevoltageofC1is0V,sothevoltageatthenoninvertingpin
islargerthantheinvertingpin,theoutputofthecomparatorswitcheshighto3V.
SothevoltageofR2isVR2:
V
R R R
R
V VR 994 . 1
3 // 1 2
2
3 2 = |
.
|

\
|
+
= (2)
TheoutputvoltageofcomparatorchargesC1throughR4,increasingvoltageattheinvertingpin
ofcomparator.
B. WhenvoltageofC1islargerthan1.994V,theoutputvoltageofcomparatorswitches
lowto0V.
SothevoltageofR2isVR2:
V
R R R
R R
V VR 006 . 1
3 // 2 1
3 // 2
3 2 = |
.
|

\
|
+
= (3)
C. TheoutputvoltageofcomparatordischargesC1throughR4
Oncetheinverting()pinisdischargedbelowthe1.006Vthreshold,theoutputvoltage
ofcomparatorswitcheshighto3Vagain,andchargesC1throughR4again,andthe
processrepeats.
WeselectR2=100k
SolveR1andR2fromequation(2)and(3):
R1=100k,R3=100k
Theactualselectionis:R1=100k,R2=100k,R3=100k

Application Report
SLUA704 March 2014

From4.1and4.2,themodulatingsignalwillchangefrom1.006Vto1.994Vandbackagain.With
aditheringfrequencyof2kHz,theditheringcycleperiodisT=500s.SothattheRCtime
constantofR4andC1isequaltotheditheringcycleperiod.
SelectR4=33kbecauseR4ismuchsmallerthanR5
So nF
R
T
C 2 . 15
4
1 = = (4)
Thereforeweselect2pcsstandard8.2nFcapinparalleltobethecharge/dischargecap(C1)to
setthemodulatingfrequency.
4.3 Final components selection
Finalcomponentsselectionis:
R1=100k,R2=100k,R3=100k,R4=33k,R5=100k,C1=8.2nF2
5. Circuit Performance
Usingthecomponentsvalueselectionin4.3above,thefollowingwaveforminFigure5was
observedatC1:

Figure5.ActualhardwaretestedofC1
FromFigure5,wecansee0.98V,1.961kHzmodulationsignal,whichisveryclosetoourdesign
goals.
PWMsignalofUCC28180withfrequencyditheringcanbeobservedbelowinFigure6:
CH1=voltageofC1,CH3=PWMsignalofUCC28180
Application Report
SLUA704 March 2014

Figure6.PWMsignaloftheUCC28180withditheringadded
Figures7to9showthefrequencyisvaryingaboveandbelowthe65kHzcenterfrequency.

Figure7.PWMsignaloftheUCC28180withditheringadded(minimumfrequencyis58kHz)
CH3=PWMsignalofUCC28180,CH1=voltageofC1
Application Report
SLUA704 March 2014

Figure8.PWMsignaloftheUCC28180withditheringadded(centralfrequencyis65kHz)
CH3=PWMsignalofUCC28180,CH1=voltageofC1

Figure9.PWMsignaloftheUCC28180withditheringadded(maximumfrequencyis72.5kHz)
CH3=PWMsignalofUCC28180,CH1=voltageofC1

Application Report
SLUA704 March 2014

10

6. System performance with dithering circuit


6.1 PFC ramp up with dithering circuit
CH1=voltageofC1,CH2=Iin,CH3=PWMsignalofUCC28180,CH4=VoutofPFC

Figure10.RampupwithditheringcircuitunderVin=110Vac/60Hz,380V0.4Aload
6.2 THD comparison with dithering to without dithering
Vout Iout
Withdithering
THD
withoutdithering
THD
110V/60Hz 380V
0.2A 5.90% 5%
0.4A 3.90% 3.43%
230V/50Hz 380V
0.2A 19.58% 18.90%
0.4A 6.04% 5.50%

a.Vin=110Vac/60Hz,380V0.4Aloadwithditheringcircuitb.Vin=110Vac/60Hz,380V0.4Aloadwithoutditheringcircuit
Figure11.Inputcurrentwithandwithoutditheringcircuit
Thesystemperformanceisnotchangedalotwithfrequencyditheringcircuit.Rampupisnot
changedwithfrequencyditheringcircuit,iTHDisalitterworse,butstillgood.
Application Report
SLUA704 March 2014

11

7. Conclusions
ThefrequencyditheringtechniqueisusedinindustrytoreduceEMI.ThisApplicationNote
showshowtodesignacircuitusingtheTLV3201comparatortodithertheswitchingfrequency
ofaUCC28180PFCcontroller.Ithasbeenseenthatwithjustafewsimplecomponents,the
currentoutoftheFREQpinofthecontrollercanbevariedtospreadthefrequencyspectrumof
converter,whichinturnwillspreadtheEMIemissionstolowerthenarrowbandenergy
amplitudeforEMC/Icompliance.

References
1. PFCPreRegulatorFrequencyDitheringCircuit,MikeOloughlin,TexasInstruments
LiteratureNo.SLUA424A,May2007
2. FrequencyDitheringWiththeUCC28950andTLV3201,JohnStevens,Texas
InstrumentsLiteratureNo.SLUA646,May2012

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