Q.

2
Use the data in Problem #1 and pool the data across the treatments into one sample of size
n=250. Use the pooled data to test whether the distribution of the percent wound healing is
approximately normal. Specifically, use the following distribution: 30%, 40%, 20% and 10%

Solution:
Step1:
H
0
: The proportion of the percent wound healing is approximately normal.
H
1
: The proportion of the percent wound healing is not normal.

Step2:
Test Statistic:
2
2
( )
i i
i
O E
E
_

=

Step3: Decision Rule: Reject H0, if
2 2
(3,0.05) cal
_ _ >
Step4: Compute the test Statistic.
observed expected O - E
(O - E) /
E
% of
chisq
51 75.000 -24.000 7.680 17.83
82 100.000 -18.000 3.240 7.52
66 50.000 16.000 5.120 11.88
51 25.000 26.000 27.040 62.77
250 250.000 0.000 43.080 100.00
43.08 chi-square
3 df
2.37E-09 p-value

Conclusion: Reject H0.
Hence, the distribution of the percent wound healing is not approximately normal.




Q.8
The main trial in problem #7 is conducted and involves a total of 200 patients. Patients are
enrolled and randomized to receive either the experimental medication or the placebo. The
data shown below are data collected at the end of the study after 6 weeks on the assigned
treatment.

Experimental (n=100) Placebo (n=100)
Mean (SD) Systolic Blood Pressure 120.2 (15.4) 131.4 (18.9)
% Hypertensive 14% 22%
% With Side Effects 6% 8%


a. Test if there is a significant difference in mean systolic blood pressures between groups

Answer:
H0: There is no significant difference in the mean systolic blood pressure of Experimental and
placebo group.
H1: There is a significant difference in the mean systolic blood pressure of Experimental and
placebo group.

Test statistic:
1 2
2 2
1 2
1 2
x x
t
n n
o o

=
+

2 2
120.2 131.4
4.59
15.4 18.9
100 100
t

= =
+

P < 0.001
Conclusion: Reject null hypothesis. Hence, there is a significant difference in the mean systolic
blood pressure of Experimental and placebo group.


b. Test if there is a significant difference in the proportions of hypertensive patients between


H0: There is no significant difference in the proportions of hypertensive patients between groups
H1: There is a significant difference in the proportions of hypertensive patients between groups

The test statistic is a z-score (z) defined by the following equation.
z = (p
1
- p
2
) / SE
Where, SE = sqrt { p * ( 1 - p ) * [ (1/n
1
) + (1/n
2
) ] }
Hence, z = -1.48
P-value =0.139, Accept null Hypothesis.
Conclusion: There is no significant difference in the proportions of hypertensive patients
between groups














19.
Suppose a new study is conducted to compare 3 new appetite suppressants (A, B, C) to a placebo
in terms of their effects on weight reduction. A total of 80 participants are involved and they are
randomly assigned to the comparison groups (in equal numbers). The outcome of interest is
weight reduction, measured in pounds. The following data are observed after 3 months on
treatment.

A B C Placebo
Mean (SD)
Weight Reduction
6.4 (4.1) 8.9 (4.0) 2.2 (3.9) 2.5 (4.3)

Is there a significant difference in mean weight reduction among the 4 treatments? Use a
5% level of significance. Hint: SST=4,520.
From given data;
0 1 2 3 4
1
:
: , , ( ){ , 1, 2, 3, 4)
i j
H
H for atleast onei j i j i j


= = =
= = =


From given data;
Anova Table

Source of Variation
Sum of
squares
df Variance F p
Between Groups 625.2 3 208.4
12.5335


< 0.001


Within Groups 1263.69 76 16.6275
Total 1888.89 79

Hence reject null hypothesis at 5 % level of significance.
Conclusion: the mean of at least one group is different from the others.