Esperanto

Alphabet: (Each vowel gets its own syllable. Emphasis on the next-to-last syllable)
A (father) B (boy) C (mats) (chil) ! (dog) E (elephant) " (fox)
# (go) $ (joy) % (hat) & (loch) ' (free) ( (yes) ) (treas*re)
+ (kite) , (lion) - (man) . (no) / (on) 0 (please) 1 (Betty2 /r)
3 (say) 4 (shoe) 5 (too) 6 (too) 7 (way) 8 (very) 9 (zoo)
Correlatives:
:i- (;*estion) ti- (that) i-( some) <i- (every) .eni- (none)
-o (thing) Kio
(what)
Tio
(that)
Io
(something)
io
(everything)
Nenio
(nothing)
-* (inivi*al) Kiu
(which, who)
Tiu
(that one)
Iu
(someone)
iu
(everyone)
Neniu
(noone)
-a (:in) Kia
(what kind)
Tia
(that kind)
Ia
(some kind)
ia
(all kinds)
Nenia
(no kind)
-e (place) Kie
(where)
Tie
(there)
Ie
(somewhere)
ie
(everywhere)
Nenie
(nowhere)
-el (manner) Kiel
(how)
Tiel
(in that way)
Iel
(somehow)
iel
(in every way)
Neniel
(in no way)
-al (reason) Kial
(why)
Tial
(for that
reason)
Ial
(for some
reason)
ial
(for all
reasons)
Nenial
(for no reason)
-am (time) Kiam
(when)
Tiam
(then)
Iam
(sometime)
iam
(always)
Neniam
(never)
-om (amo*nt) Kiom
(how much)
Tiom
(that much)
Iom
(some
amount)
iom
(all of it)
Neniom
(none)
-es
(possession)
Kies
(whose)
Ties
(that person's)
Ies
(someone's)
ies
(everyone's)
Nenies
(No one's)
i: this (*s*ally with correlatives2 so <i tie = here2 an <i ti* = this one)
A>n: any2 -soever (with correlatives2 so :io a>n = whatever2 an ie a>n = anywhere)
0rono*ns:
': mi ?e: ni
@o*: vi @o* all: vi
%e: li 5hey: ili
3he: i (1eflexive A ,ast-mentione person): si
't: i 3omeone (not specific): oni
?or Enings:
-o: no*ns -a: a>ectives -e: averbs ->: pl*ral -n: irect ob>ect (acc*sative)
8erbs 'nicative Active
0articiple
0assive
0articiple
'nfinitive Comman Conitional
0ast -is -inta -ita
-i -* -*s
0resent -as -anta -ata
"*t*re -os -onta -ota
(Active participle = -ing2 as in eating) (0assive participle = as in eaten)
(Conitinal = wo*l BverbC A mostly *se in if-then statements)
('nfinitive = to BverbC2 as in to be2 to ta:e2 to try)
0refixes an 3*ffixes:
a! gross2 nasty
adi, ado fre;*ent2 repeate2 or contin*al action
a"o a concrete manifestationD (with a no*n root) a pro*ct
ano a member2 follower2 participant2 inhabitant
aro a collective gro*p witho*t specific n*mber
!#o masc*line affectionate formD the root is shortene
e$la possible
eco an abstract ;*ality (-ness)
eg bigD sometimes pe>orative connotations when *se with people
e#o a place characteriEe by the root
ema having a tenency
enda manatory
ero the smallest part
estro a leaer2 boss
et smallD sometimes affectionate connotations when *se with people
io a co*ntry name after a geographic feat*re2 an now after an ethnicity
i!o male B*nofficialC
ido an offspring2 escenent
igi to ma:e2 to ca*se
i%i to become
ilo an instr*ment
ino female
inda worthy of
ingo a holer2 sheath
ismo a octrine2 system (as in English)
isto person professionally or avocationally occ*pie with an iea or activity
n#o feminine affectionate formD the root is shortene
o$la m*ltiple
ono fraction
ope in a collective gro*p of specific n*mber
u#o a (loose) container2 co*ntry2 a tree of a certain fr*it
ulo one characteriEe by the root
um *nefine ad hoc s*ffix
$o relation by marriage2 -in-law
dis separation2 scattering
ek beginning2 s*en2 or momentary action
eks former2 ex-
fi shamef*l2 nasty2 isg*sting2 filthy
ge both sexes together
mal the opposite of
mis incorrectly2 awry
pra great-(gran-)2 ancient
re again
(3ee the ?i:ipeia article FEsperanto 8ocab*laryF for examples of these.)
Common words: root.ening (efinition)
3al*t.o.n (hello)
!an:.o.n (than:s)
.e.an:.in.e (yo*Gre welcome H no than:s neee)
(es (yes)
.e (no)
* (not translate - t*rns a statement into a yes or no ;*estion)
+a> (an)
+e (that Bas in Fso that2F not when *se to point something o*tC)
,a (the)
Al (toHtowar)
AntaI (before)
!e (of)
En (in2 into)
$is (*ntil. $is revio = *ntil we see each other again)
(e (*nefine preposition2 when yo* onGt :now which one yo* nee)
+*n (with)
0or (for)
0ri (abo*t)
3en (witho*t)
3*r (on)
A<et.i (to b*y)
Am.i (to love)
!on.i (to give)
!orm.i (to sleep)
Est.i (to be)
"ar.i (to oHma:e)
'r.i (to go)
%av.i (to have)
+omenc.i (to begin)
,abor.i (to wor:)
,ern.i (to learn)
,*.i (to play)
-anJ.i (to eat)
0ov.i (to be able)
4at.i (to li:e)
8en.i (to sell)
8i.i (to see)
8ol.i (to want)
%e>m.o (home)
-on.o (money)
EE.o (h*sbanHspo*se)
"il.o (sonHchil)
"rat.o (brotherHsibling)
0atr.o (fatherHparent)
K = olaro
L (*n*)2 M (*)2 N (tri)2 O (:var)2 P (:vin)2 Q (ses)2 R (sep)2 S (o:)2 T (naI)2 LU (e:)2 LL (e: *n*)2 LM
(e: *)2 ... 2 MU (*-e:)2 ML (*-e: *n*)2 MM (*-e: *)2 ... 2 NU (tri-e:)2 ... 2 LUU (cent)2 LUL
(cent *n*)2 ... 2 LML (cent *-e: *n*)2 ... 2 MUU (* cent)2 ... 2 LUUU (mil)
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