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Cellular Technologies Of The World
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Analogue Cellular Technologies
AMPS Advanced Mobile Phone System. Developed by Bell Labs in the
1970s and first used commercially in the United States in 1983.
It operates in the 800 MHz band and is currently the world's
largest cellular standard.
C-450 Installed in South Africa during the 1980's. Uses 450Mhz band.
Much like C-Netz. Now known as Motorphone and run by
Vodacom SA.
C-Netz Older cellular technology found mainly in Germany and Austria.
Uses 450 MHz.
Comvik Launched in Sweden in August 1981 by the Comvik network.
N-
AMPS
Narrowband Advanced Mobile Phone System. Developed by
Motorola as an interim technology between analogue and
digital. It has some three times greater capacity than AMPS and
operates in the 800 MHz range.
NMT450 Nordic Mobile Telephones/450. Developed specially by Ericsson
and Nokia to service the rugged terrain that characterises the
Nordic countries. Range 25km. Operates at 450 MHz. Uses FDD
FDMA.
NMT900 Nordic Mobile Telephones/900. The 900 MHz upgrade to NMT
450 developed by the Nordic countries to accommodate higher
capacities and handheld portables. Range 25km. Uses FDD
FDMA technology.
NMT-F French version of NMT900

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Page 1of 11 Cellular Technologies Of The World
9/2/2004 http://www.cellular.co.za/celltech.htm

This section is, like all others, copyright Leon J Perlman. No
copying.
Digital Cellular Technologies

See also Digital Cellular Technologies Of The World
NTT Nippon Telegraph and Telephone. The old Japanese analogue
standard. A high-capacity version is called HICAP.
RC2000 Radiocom 2000. French system launched November 1985
TACS Total Access Communications System. Developed by Motorola.
and is similar to AMPS. It was first used in the United Kingdom
in 1985, although in Japan it is called JTAC. It operates in the
900 MHz frequency range.
A1-Net Austrian Name for GSM 900 networks
B-CDMA Broadband CDMA. Now known as W-CDMA (see
below). To be used in UMTS.
Bluetooth The technology enables short-range
communication networks between consumer
devices incorporating a Bluetooth interface, and
is set to greatly improve the way consumers
access data and services wirelessly.
Composite
CDMA/TDMA
Wireless technology that uses both CDMA and
TDMA. For large-cell licensed band and small-cell
unlicensed band applications. Uses CDMA
between cells and TDMA within cells. Based on
Omnipoint technology.
CDMA
Code Division Multiple Access. There are now a
number of variations of CDMA, in addition to the
original Qualcomm-invented N-CDMA (originally

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just 'CDMA', also known in the US as IS-95. See
N-CDMA below).

Latest variations are B-CDMA, W-CDMA and
composite CDMA/TDMA. Developed originally by
Qualcomm, CDMA is characterized by high
capacity and small cell radius, employing spread-
spectrum technology and a special coding
scheme.

It was adopted by the Telecommunications
Industry Association (TIA) in 1993. The first
CDMA-based networks are now operational. B-
CDMA is the basis for 3G UMTS (see below). Click
HERE for more technical details...
cdmaOne First Generation Narrowband CDMA (IS-95). See
above.
cdma2000 The new second-generation CDMA MoU spec for
inclusion in IMT-2000.
Click HERE for more technical details. It consists
of various iterations, inclusing 1xEV, 1XEV-DO,
and MC 3X
cdma2000 1XEV 1xEV (Evolution) is an enhancement of the
cdma2000 standard of the Telecommunications
Industry Association (TIA). The CDMA 1xEV
specification was developed by the Third
Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2), a
partnership consisting of five telecommunications
standards bodies: CWTS in China, ARIB and TTC
in Japan, TTA in Korea, and TIA in North
America. The 1xEV specification is known as
TIA/EIA/IS-856 "CDMA2000 High Rate Packet
Data Air Interface Specification." It promises
around 300 kbps speeds on a 1.25Mhz channel.
cdma2000 1XEV-
DO
1xEV-DO or data-only is an enhancement of the
cdma2000 1X standard. It promises around 300
kbps speeds on a 1.25Mhz channel.
CT-2 A second generation digital cordless telephone

Samsung
SGH-E820

Samsung
SCH-A790
GSM/CDMA

HP iPaq
H6300
GSM/WiFi

Samsung
SGH-D415

Samsung
x900

Siemens
SK65

Danger
Sidekick II

Motorola
V555
EDGE

Motorola
RAZR V3

Motorola
A780 EDGE

Motorola
CN620 Wifi
GSM

Motorola
V975 3G

Nokia
6610i

Nokia 6170

Nokia 2600

Nokia
6260
standard. CT2 has 40 carriers x 1 duplex bearer
per carrier = 40 voice channels.
CT-3 A third generation digital cordless telephone,
which is very similar and a precursor to DECT.
CTS GSM Corldless Telephone System. In the home
environment, GSM-CTS phones communicate
with a CTS Home Base Station (HBS), which
offers perfect indoor radio coverage. The CTS-
HBS hooks up to the fixed network and offers the
best of the fixed and mobile worlds: low cost and
high quality from the Public Switched Telephone
Network (PSTN), services and mobility from the
GSM.
D-AMPS
(IS-54)
Digital AMPS, a variation of AMPs. Uses 3-
timeslot variation of TDMA, also known as IS-54.
An upgrade to the analogue AMPS. Designed to
address the problem of using existing channels
more efficiently, DAMPS (IS-54) employs the
same 30 kHz channel spacing and frequency
bands (824-849 and 869-894 MHz) as AMPS. By
using TDMA instead of FDMA, IS-54 increases the
number of users from 1 to 3 per channel (up to
10 with enhanced TDMA). An AMPS/D-AMPS
infrastructure can support use of either analogue
AMPS phone or digital D-AMPS phones. This is
because the Federal Communications
Commission mandated only that digital cellular in
the U.S. must act in a dual-mode capacity with
analogue. Both operate in the 800 MHz band.
DCS 1800 Digital Cordless Standard. Now known as GSM
1800. GSM operated in the 1,800 MHz range. It
is a different frequency version of GSM, and (900
MHz) GSM phones cannot be used on DCS 1800
networks unless they are dual band.
DECT Digital European Corldless Telephone. Uses 12-
timeslot TDMA. This started off as Ericsson's CT-
3, but developed into ETSI's Digital European
Cordless Standard. It is intended to be a far
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more flexible standard than the CT2 standard, in
that it has more RF channels (10 RF carriers x 12
duplex bearers per carrier = 120 duplex voice
channels). It also has a better multimedia
performance since 32kbit/s bearers can be
concatenated. Ericsson has developed a dual
GSM/DECT handset.
EDGE UWC-136, the next generation of data heading
towards third generation and personal
multimedia environments builds on GPRS and is
known as Enhanced Data rate for GSM Evolution
(EDGE). It will allow GSM operators to use
existing GSM radio bands to offer wireless
multimedia IP-based services and applications at
theoretical maximum speeds of 384 kbps with a
bit-rate of 48 kbps per timeslot and up to 69.2
kbps per timeslot in good radio conditions.
E-Netz The German name for GSM 1800 networks.
Flash-OFDM Flash-OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division
Multiplexing) is a new signal processing scheme
from Lucent/Flarion that will support high data
rates at very low packet and delay losses, also
known as latencies, over a distributed all-IP
wireless network. The low-latency will enable
real-time mobile interactive and multimedia
applications. It promises to deliver higher quality
wireless service and better cost effectiveness
than current wireless data technologies.
FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access
GERAN GERAN is a term used to describe a GSM and
EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution)
based 200 kHz radio access network. The GERAN
is based on GSM/EDGE Release 99, and covers
all new features for GSM Release 2000 and
subsequent releases, with full backward
compatibility to previous releases.
GPRS
GSM's new GPRS (General Packet Radio

SMS Gateway API
Services) data transmission technology is
optimized for "bursty" datacom services such as
wireless Internet/intranet and multimedia
services. It is also known as GSM-IP (Internet
Protocol) because it will connect users directly
to Internet Service Providers.
GMSS Geostationary Mobile Satellite Standard, a
satellite air interface standard developed from
GSM and formed by Ericsson, Lockheed Martin,
U.K. Matra Marconi Space and satellite operators
Asia Cellular Satellite and Euro-African Satellite
Telecommunications.
GSM Global System for Mobile Communications. The
first European digital standard, developed to
establish cellular compatibility throughout
Europe. It's success has spread to all parts of the
world and over 80 GSM networks are now
operational. It operates at 900 MHz.
HSDPA High-speed downlink packet access. technology. HSDPA
enables faster data transmission via W-CDMA networks.
IDEN

iDEN
(Integrated Digital Enhanced Network).

Launched by Motorola in 1994, this is a Private
Mobile radio system from Motorola's Land Mobile
Products Sector (LMPS) iDEN technology,
currently available in the 800 MHz, 900 Mhz and
1.5 GHz bands. It utilizes a variety of advanced
technologies, including state-of-the-art vocoders,
M16QAM modulation and TDMA (Time Division
Multiple Access). It allows Commercial Mobile
Radio Service (CMRS) operators to maximize the
dispatch capacity and provides the flexibility to
add optional services such as full-duplex
telephone interconnect, alphanumeric paging and
data/fax communication services.
iMode Launched in February 1999, this fast-growing
system from NTT DoCoMo uses compact HTML to
provide WAP-like content to iMode phones.

Regulatory
SMS Mobile spam draws US FCC regulator wrath
Verizon Wireless sues SMS spammer
EU Commission challenges UK GSM roaming rates
Premium rate services need prior permission

WiFi/WiMax
Global WLAN product sales to reach $2billionDoCoMo to Offer
WLAN 3G Combo Phone
FCC Rules that No WiFi Rental Charges for Airlines
Telecom New Zealand Aims to Unify National WiFi Service
Is Surveillance a WiMAX Killer App?
Unstrung Insider Analyzes the WiMax Equipment Market

3G/4G
MTC Vodafone launches 3G TV
UK WAP PAGES TOPS 1 BILLION
FCC Rules that No WiFi Rental Charges for Airlines
Telecom New Zealand Aims to Unify National WiFi Service
3G early adoptors lack brand loyalty - report

Mobile Data
Global mobile device market shows growth in 2Q2004
China Influence On Global Standards Increases
Mapping Out Location Services
Nokia keen on DAB Visual Radio revenue stream
Japanese school kids to be tagged with RFID chips
ARM and Trusted Logic Develop TrustZone-Optimized

Africa
More Short Messages in African Continent
MTN introduces free prepaid WAP over GPRS
MTN South Africa upgrades mobile GSM network
VODACOM CUSTOMERS INCREASE TO MORE THAN 12m
WBS Announces Deployment of iBurst Broadband
Millicom International Cellular S.A. Announces Results
Algerian operator Orascom passes subscriber landmark
Mobile sales top 40m handsets in the Middle East/Africa

General
78% of Wireless Minutes Paid For Go Unused
Vodafone Results show Strong growth in Customers
Russian mobile revenues to exceed USD 9 billion in 2004
Vodafone Euro2004 soccer roamers
BT and TMobile UK argue over mobile termination rates
Mobile data demand to surge
IMT DS Wideband CDMA, or WCDMA.
IMT MC Widely known as cdma2000 and consisting of the
1X and 3X components.
IMT TC Called UTRA TDD or TD-SCDMA.
IMT SC Called UWC-136 and widely known as EDGE.
IMTFT Well-known as DECT.
Inmarsat International Martime Satellite System which
uses a number of GEO satellites. Available as
Inmarsat A,B,C,and M.
IridiumMobile Satellite phone/pager network launched
November 1998. Uses TDMA for inter-satellite
links. Uses 2GHz band.
IS-54 TDMA-based technology used by the D-AMPS
system at 800 MHz
IS-95 CDMA-based technology used at 800 MHz
IS-136 TDMA-based technology
JS-008 CDMA based standard for 1,900 MHz.
N-CDMA Narrowband Code Division Multiple Access, or
plain old original 'CDMA'. Also known in the US as
IS-95. Developed by Qualcomm and
characterized by high capacity and small cell
radius. Has a 1.25Mhz spread spectrum air
interface. It uses the same frequency bands as
AMPS and supports AMPS operation, employing
spread-spectrum technology and a special coding
scheme. It was adopted by the
Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) in
1993. The first CDMA-based networks are now
operational.
Near Field
Communication
NFC technology enables short-range
communication networks between consumer
devices incorporating an NFC interface, and is set
to greatly improve the way consumers access
data and services wirelessly.
Flash-OFDM
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, a new
signal processing scheme from Lucent/Flarion that will
More Mobile Stuff
CDMA2000 explained Telecoms Conferences
Digital Wireless Technologies Zigbee UWB Standard
SIP Protocol syncML WAP spec
Wireless research forum Global Mobile Statistics
Look inside imode phones Fun Mobile Stuff
Location Finding via GSM WAP Developers Forum
New Battery Technologies m-commerce explained
Nokia Phone Manuals Location Based Services
Radiation level reports GSM Billing Procedures
MMS Specification Mobile Etiquette
Guidelines for EMS New MIPI Alliance
Motorola Ringtones Visa 3D Secure m-security
more...
[8/2004] Click for more
Global Mobile Users 1.52 billion
Analogue Users 34m
US Mobile users 140m
Global GSM users 1.25 billion
Global CDMA Users 202m
Global TDMA users 120m
Total European users 342.43
Total African users 53m
Total 3G users 130m
Total South African users 19m
#1 Mobile Country China (300m)
#1 GSM Country China (282m)
#1 in Handsets 1Q04 Nokia(35.5%)
#1 Network In Africa Vodacom(11m)
#1 Network In Asia Unicom (153m)
#1 Network In Japan DoCoMo
#1 Network In Europe T-Mobil (28m)
#1 In Infrastructure Ericsson
Global monthly SMS 36/user
SMS Sent Global 1Q04 135 billion
SMS sent in UK 3/2004 2.1 billion

support high data rates at very low packet and delay
losses, also known as latencies, over a distributed all-IP
wireless network
PACS-TDMA An 8-timeslot TDMA-based standard, primarily
for pedestrian use. Derived from Bellcore's
wireless access spec for licensed band
applications. Motorola supported.
PCS Personal Communications Service. The PCS
frequency band is 1850 to 1990 MHz, which
encompasses a wide range of new digital cellular
standards like N-CDMA and GSM 1900. Single-
band GSM 900 phones cannot be used on PCS
networks. PCS networks operate thoughout the
North America.
PDC Personal Digital Cellular is a TDMA-based
Japanese standard operating in the 800 and
1500 MHz bands.
PHS Personal Handy System. A TDD TDMA Japanese-
centric system that offers high speed data
services and superb voice clarity. Really a WLL
system with only 300m to 3km coverage.
SDMA Space Division Multiple Access, thought of as a
component of Third Generation Digital
Cellular/UMTS
TDMA Time Division Multiple Access. The first U.S.
digital standard to be developed. It was adopted
by the TIA in 1992. The first TDMA commercial
system began in 1993. A number of variations
exist.
Telecentre-H A proprietary WLL system by Krone. Range
30km, in the 350-500 MHz and 800-1000 Mhz
range. Uses FDD FDM/FDMA and TDM/TDMA
technologies.
TETRA
TErrestrial Trunked RAdio (TETRA) is a new
open digital trunked radio standard which is
defined by the European Telecommunications
Standardisation Institute (ETSI) to meet the

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needs of the most demanding professional mobile
radio users.
TETRA-POL Proprietary TETRA network from Matra and AEG.
Does not conform to TETRA MoU specifications
UltraPhone 110 A proprietary WLL system by IDC. Range 30 km,
in the 350-500 MHz range. Uses FDD FDM/TDMA
technologies. The UltraPhone system allows 4
conversations to operate simultaneously on every
25kMhz-spaced channel. A typical UP 24-channel
WLL system can support 95 full duplex voice
circuits in 1.2kHz of spectrum.
UMTS Universal Mobile Telephone Standard - the next
generation of global cellular which should be in
place by 2004. Proposed data rates of <2Mbps,
using combination TDMA and W-CDMA. Operates
at around 2GHz
W-CDMA One of the latest components of UMTS, along
with TDMA & cdma2000. It has a 5Mhz air
interface and is the basis of higher-bandwidth
data rates. Click HERE for more technical
details...
WirelessMAN Wi-LAN announced that the Institute of Electrical
and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) "WirelessMAN"
Standard 802.16a, incorporates Wi-LAN's
patented W-OFDM (Wide-band Orthogonal
Frequency Division Multiplexing) technology. Wi-
LAN is first to market with Standard 802.16a-like
products and is dedicated to advancing the
implementation of this standard
WiMAX WiMax (802.16a) is a more robust standard for
high-speed broadband wireless delivery to
laptops and desktops. The position of the
802.16a standard parallels that of WLAN
technology in the late 1990 s
WLL
Wireless Local Loop limited-number systems are
usually found in remote areas where fixed-line
usage is impossible. Most modern WLL systems
* See also market shares of the various
cellular standards

This section is, like all others, is copyright
Leon J Perlman..


use CDMA technology. See African WLL coverage
implementation details
Zigbee UWB
Standard

An alternative physical layer (PHY) to the
802.15.4 wireless personal area network (WPAN)
standard. Products based on the 802.15.4
standard operate in the unlicensed 2.4 GHz band
at 250Kbps over 10 to 75 meters. Two major
new features that an alternate PHY would provide
include precision location determination
capability and high aggregate capacity. For
example, in a warehouse environment, such
capabilities would enable quick and precise
pinpointing of products, and allow a scanner to
locate a particular sensor among a large number
of sensors in close proximity.

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