Cairo University – Department of Zoology

Mid-Term Exam of Zoology for Predentary

Students
March 2009 Time allowed 1 hour

A) Physiology (5 Marks)
1} Write the scientific term of each of the following:
1) It is a hormone secreted from a cell into the extracellular space
(fluid) and affects the neighboring cell. (paracrine hormone)
2) It receives signals from the higher centers of the brain,
translates them and sends the appropriate messengers to the
pituitary gland, which in turn secretes the necessary hormone.
(hypothalmus)
3) It stimulates uterine contraction during childbirth and initiates
the production of milk by the mammary glands i.e. ↑ milk secretion.
(oxytocin)
4) Iodide (I¯) in food and drinking water is absorbed from the
gastrointestinal tract into the blood, which are then actively
transported into thyroid cells against concentration gradient.
(iodide pump)
5) It is a hypocalcemic hormone and secreted from parafollicular
cells of thyroid gland. (cacitonin)
6) It is the only hormone that directly decreases the blood glucose
levels. (insulin)
7) Usually, it is more dangerous and less common where it
represents 10% of the total diabetics. (type I or IDDM)
8) It secretes mineralocorticoids such as aldosterone. (zona
glomerulosa)
9) A decrease in vascular volume (due to hemorrhage or Na+ &
water loss) leads to a decrease in blood pressure or in blood flow to
kidney. This increases renin secretion from the kidney. Renin acts
to stimulate release of a large protein called angiotensinogen from
the liver, which directly stimulates aldosterone secretion.
(rennin-angiotensin system)
10) A hormone that is secreted by alpha cells (25%) of the islets of
Langerhans. (glucagon)

2} Put right (√) or wrong (X) and correct the wrong

statement:
1) During the absorption of fats: Monoglyecerides and The mucosal

fatty acids from the micelles enter the lacteals. cells

2) Transamination involves the transfer of the amino

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 group of an amino acid to a Keto acid which provides
the basis for the formation of essential amino acids. non
3) Upon contact of food with the pyloric mucosa, it Gastrin
releases the gastric secretions. hormone
4) The physiologically important polysaccharides Starch or inulin
include cellulose, dextrins, lactose and chitin. or glycogen
5) The degree of inhibition by non-competitive
inhibitors is reduced by the number of substrate not
molecule.
6) Copper is an activator of several enzymes and is zinc
required for synthesis of the hormone insulin.
7) Glycolysis means the brakedown of glycogen to glycogenlysis
reform glucose in the cells.
8) Trypsinogin is activated by HCl to active trypsin entrokinase
that splits proteoses and peptones into small
polypeptides.
9) From the essential amino acids are methionine ,
alanine, arginine and tryptophan. phenylalanine
10) All reactions of the citric acid cycle occur in the
cytosol, mitochondria and require oxygen. ‫تزال‬

B) HISTOLOGY (5 Marks)
3} Correct the following statements:
1) Calcified cartilage found in trachea. (suprascapula)

2) Collagen type IV found in reticular fibres. (III)

3) Desmosomes prevent passage of materials between cells. (tight

junction)
4) Osteoclasts are responsible for synthesis of bone matrix.
(osteoblasts)
5) Bipolar neurons found in spinal ganglia. (pseudounipolar)

4} Complete the following statements:

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 1) Haversian canals are connected with each other by
. . . .volkman′s canal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2) Mitochondria of muscle cells called . . .. .sarcosome . . . . . . . .
3) The distance between two successive Z-lines called . . . . ………
sarcomere……….
4) . .Lymphocyte . . is a blood leukocyte contains large spherical
nucleus.
5) . . Oligodendrocyte. . . is responsible for myelination of axons of
nerve cells in central nervous system.
6) Irregular dense fibrous connective tissue proper found in
. . . dermis . . . . . . . .
7) Apical surface of epithelial cell in intestine contains . . . . . …
microvilli. . . . while in skin contains . keratin . . . . .
8) . . . Goblet ... cell is an example of unicellular gland.
9) Pseudo-stratified non-ciliated columnar epithelium found in …
lung……..
C) Cytology (5 Marks)
5} By labeled diagram ONLY illustrate the structure of the
mitochondria.

‫الرسمه عليها البيانات التالية‬:

Outer membrane
Inner membrane
Cristae
Matrix
DNA
Ribosomes
Granules
Respiratory paticles

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 6} Complete the following statements:
1) In prophase, the microtubules between the two pairs of
centrioles are extended inside the cytoplasm to form …spindle
fibers……… .
2) In the nuclear envelope of the nucleus, the nuclear pore and its
annulus are called ……porosome (nuclear poe complex..
3) In Amphioxus, cleavage is …holoblastic….. , where the entire
zygote divides (division extends from the animal pole o the
vegetative pole).
4) In prophase 1, homologous chromosomes lie side-by-side in a
process called …synapsis………
5) In oogenesis, the cells resulting from the growth phase are
called ………primary oocyte…………