T1.A Literature review T1.A1: Impact of inverter interfaced PV sources on over current protection of distribution network T1.A2:Adaptive protection using distributed intelligence with / without communication (local/global data) with standard protocols(IEC61850,TCP/IP)
T1.B. Simulation study
T1.B1. Modeling of distribution network with PV sources and fault analysis studies T1.B1. Design of decentralized adaptive protection- algorithm development
T1.C. Hardware implementation and verification T1.C.1 Implementation of over current relay in FPGA T1.C.2 Integration of decentralized adaptive protection (agent based)
2 Responsibility 2014 2015 Tasks SubTasks Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 T1.A T1.A1 T1.A2 T1.B T1.B1 T1.B2 T1.C T1.C1 T1.C2 Task 1: Study of protection issues in micro grids 3 Literature survey : Requirements of micro grid protection
Fault in upstream grid isolate the micro grid from utility grid islanded operation load/gen management for isolated operation (added function /additional requirement)
If fault is in load end/source end isolate the source/load
If fault is in feeder isolate the smallest part
1. Technical report on advanced architectures and control concepts for more microgrids, www.microgrids.eu 4
Literature review : Protection issues with distributed generation
The paper [2] a UK industry view, formulated using the outcomes of questionnaires, seminars and other academic-industry exchanges carried out under the auspices of the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) funded centre for DG and sustainable electrical energy (CDG&SEE), of the present and anticipated future protection system challenges in active distribution networks.
Protection issues are arranged in the decreasing order of severity 1. Loss Of Mains Detection Currently prevailing practice-ROCOF based algorithms 2. Islanding significant challenge to protection when islanding permitted 3. Protection discrimination issues existing distribution network protection is affected /compromised by installation of DG 4. Varying fault current levels totally intermittent operating nature 5. Power quality impact on protection relatively less occurred but there are chances
A. Dys ko, G.M. Burt, S. Galloway, C. Booth and J.R. McDonald UK distribution system protection issues, IET Gener. Transm. Distrib., 2007, 1, (4), pp. 679687 5 Literature Review on :Protection discrimination issues
Summary of protection discrimination issues discussed in References 3 5
A. Blinding of protection Sensitivity issues B. False tripping and back feeding C. Fuse saving scheme D. Mis- coordination of preciously coordinated relays E. Selectivity issues
[3] A. Girgis and S. Brahma, Effect of Distributed Generation on Protective Device Coordination in Distribution System, IEEE Large Engineering Systems Conference on Power Engineering, 2001.
[4] J. A. Silva, H. B. Funmilayo and K. L. Butler-Purry, Impact of Distributed Generation on the IEEE 34 Node Radial Test Feeder with Overcurrent Protection, IEEE 39th North American Power Symposium, 2007
[5] M.E. Baran, I El-Markaby, Fault analysis on distribution feeders with distributed generators, IEEE Transaction on Power Systems, Vol. 20, Issue 4, pp. 1757-1764, Nov. 2005 6 A.Blinding of protection B. False tripping and back feeding C. Fuse saving scheme Summary of protection discrimination issues discussed in References 3 5 7 Summary of protection discrimination issues discussed in References 3 5 D. Mis- coordination of relays E. Selectivity issues 8 Impact of inverter based distributed generation on protection
Fault Current behavior of Inverter Interfaced distributed generation highly determined by the converter control and protection which is designed and implemented by manufactures both to protect their equipment and to follow industry standards Different aspects of IIDGs and how they are affected by various considerations 1.Voltage Vs Current control scheme 2.Fault current RMS profile 3.Fault current Composition 4.Grounding issues 5.Sequence currents [6] Y. Pan, W. Ren, S. Ray, R. Walling and M. Reichard, Impact of Inverter Interfaced Generation on Overcurrent Protection in Distribution Systems, Power Engineering and Automation conference (PEAM), 2011 IEEE, Wuhan, China. [7] Mozina, C. Impact of green power inverter-based distributed generation on distribution systems Protective Relay Engineers, 2014 67th Annual Conference for March 31 2014-April 3 2014
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[8] Mohammed A. Haj-ahmed , Mahesh S. Illindala, The Influence of Inverter-Based DGs and Their Controllers on Distribution Network Protection IEEE Transactions on Industry applications , 2013 10 Impact of inverter control modes on fault current contribution 11 DG under voltage control mode: output voltage (top) and output current (bottom) for a short-circuit fault at t = 0.3 sec 12 DG under current control mode: output voltage (top) and output current (bottom) for a short-circuit fault at t = 0.3 sec 13 Work to be done
1. Modeling of PV 2. Modeling of inverter based DG 3. Modeling of distribution network and fault studies
Dao Van Tu, Surachai Chaitusaney, Impacts of Inverter-based Distributed Generation Control Modes on Short-circuit Currents in Distribution Systems 7th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA) 2012
Algorithm development for a decentralized adaptive protection scheme Topology processor data base of relay hold nearby relays upstream and down stream parent and child These details can also be communicated to central system to generate the entire distribution network for optimal operation and control Each relay has unique Id that should help the appropriate tagging Compatible communication protocols/IEC 61850 Relay program structure relay subroutine- protection functions Coordination subroutine
Topology processors Initializing When new sources added/at the beginning Adjusting- generation changes /power flow changes /relay status changes Fault current calculation establishing coordination 15 FPGA- O/C relay Coordination and control algorithm uP based logic Relay algorithm
Central DCS Microgrid Communication lines Proposed Hardware Realization