in your answer book (3 m) SET - 1 1. Accident - An unintentional or unexpected happening that is undesirable or unfortunate. 2. Accidence - The part of grammar that deals with the variable Parts of words. 3. Coincidence - An event or two or more events at one time happening apparently by mere chance. 4. Incidence - Rate of occurrence or action. SET- 2 1. Continual - Frequent 2. Continued - To go on or keep on. To carry on from the point of suspension or interruption. 3. Continuous - Unceasing; being in immediate connection; Uninterrupted in time. SET - 3 1. Apparel - Clothes, especially of a fine sort. 2. Attire - Dress, Clothes (Literature or poetry) 3. Clothes- Things to wear on the body. 4. Costume - Clothes typical of a certain period, country or profession, especially worn on the stage. 5. Outfit- All the things, especially clothes, needed for a particular purpose. 6. Dress - Clothing worn on special occasions. 7. Garb - Clothes, especially unusual clothes or those worn by a particular type of person. 8. Garment - An article of clothing that is ready for sale. 9. Uniform - Type of clothing that all members of a group wear. SET - 4 1. Beneficial - advantageous or helpful 2. Beneficent - doing good or causing good to be done 3. Beneficiary - person who receives benefits or profits SET - 5 1. Comprehensive - Complete, Including, nearly all 2. Comprehensible - That can be understood 3. Apprehensive - Uneasy; worried. 1. The opposition does not appreciate the ________ act of the Government. ( beneficient, beneficial, beneficiary ) 2. For the fancy-dress competition, my friend appeared in a 17 th century ____________ (costume, uniform, garment) 3. It is .. to see a small child suffering on a hospital bed. (heartily, heartrending, heartburn) 4. All the characters in this novel are ___________ (imaginable, imaginary, imaginative) 5. As the patient has recovered from his illness, he was _______ from the hospital. (released, discharged, set free) ANSWERS 1. beneficient 2. costume 3. heartrending 4. imaginary 5. discharged 46 I 10 th Class For Regular Updates: www.sakshieducation.com 10 th Class Grammar CONTEXTUAL WORDS Practise ENGLISH (EM) Q.No.s 37 & 38 1. Comma: a) to separate two or more words of the same parts of speech (not connected by 'and') b) After and before parenthesis. c) Before and after a participle phrase. d) After nominative of address. e) to mark off a direct quotation from the rest. 2. At the end of a sentence, use a) a fullstop if the sentence is either a statement or imperative. b) a question mark if it is a question. c) a wonder mark if it is an exclamatory sentence. 3. The colon is used a) to introduce a question, like: Shakespeare said: All the world is a stage b) between contrasted sentences when 'but' is not used. 4. Capital letters are used: a) at the beginning of every sentence. b) at the beginning of every line of poetry. c) for the pronoun 'I', interjection 'O' to begin noun or pronoun indicating God. d) At the beginning of direct speech. e) For degrees and titles. Q.No. 37 Read the following passages. The end of each sentence is not indicated. Decide where each sentence ends and write the last word followed by [.] or [?] or [:] 1. She speaks with an Indian lilt in her voice like convent-bred Indians she often ends her sentence with an interrogatory "no" mea- ning isn't that so her answers are very brief 2. Mother Teresa, whence this special interest in the dying I asked her it is a vocation a call nobody wants the dying, the sick, no Answers: 1.voice [.] no [?] so [?] brief [.] 2. dying [?] her [.] call [.] no [?] Q.No. 38 Use commas, full stops, exclamation, question marks, quotation marks where necessary and rewrite the sentence in your answer book. (3 x = 1 ) 1. Are we leaving right away the little girl asked why is there something you have forgotten asked her mother. No I was just wondering if we could leave an hour later said the girl 2. what was your name before you became a nun it is not important i was subhashini das i was the first to join the mother. Answers: 1. "Are we leaving right away," the little girl asked. "Why? Is there something you have forgotten?" asked her mother "No, I was just wondering if we could leave an hour later," said the girl. 2. "What was your name before you became a nun?" "It is not important. I was Subhasini Das. I was the first to join the Mother." Q.No. 39-43 Read sentence (a), then complete sentence (b) using the ideas in (a). Keep sentence (b) as close in meaning as possible to sentence (a). (5 marks ) CONDITIONALS : A conditionals sentence has two clauses. 1. main clause 2. if clause Eg: If it rains the match will be cancelled (If clause) (main clause) Conditionals are mainly of three kinds. For Regular Updates: www.sakshieducation.com 10 th Class I 47 ENGLISH (EM) Practise Transformation of sentences I. CONDITIONALS PUNCTUATION GRAMMAR ENGLISH (EM) 1. OPEN CONDITION: In this type, the condition mentioned may or may not take place. Here the if clause must be in simple present tense. The main clause will be - will /can / shall / may +v Eg: It may rain. They will cancel the match. If it rains they will cancel the match . 2. UNREAL CONDITION : In this type, the condition mentioned is unreal (improbable it is unlikely to take place. Here if clause must be in Simple past tense (plural). The main clause is- would / could /should + v Eg: 1. It will not rain. They will not cancel the match. If it rained they would cancel the match. 2. I do not have time. I can't accept this job. If I had time, I could accept this job 3. UNFULFILLED CONDITION: In this type the condition mentioned is an unfulfilled action. It speaks of the past. Here the if clause must be past perfect tense. The main clause must be-would / could/ should + have + V, Eg: He was careless. So, he met with an accident. If he had not been careless, he would not have met with an accident. 1. a). I don't have time. So I cannot accept the job. b) If __________________________ 2. a). She did not carry her driving license. She had to pay a fine . b) If __________________________ 3. a). Unless you work hard. You can't pass the exam. b) If __________________________ Answers: 1. If I had time, I would accept the job. 2. If she had carried her driving license, she would not have paid a fine. 3. If you work hard, you can pass. Rule 1. If the reporting verb is in simple present or future tense, then the tense of the reported speech does not change. Eg: He says. "She is unwell." He says that she is unwell. She will say, "I am going." She will say that she is going. NOTE: The tense of the Universal facts also remains unchanged. Eg: The teacher said, "The earth revolves round the sun". The teacher said that the earth revolves round the sun. Rule 2. If the reporting verb is in past tense, the tense of the reported speech verb is changed as follows . Simple Present ------- Simple Past Present continuous ------- Past continuous Present Perfect ------- Past perfect Present perfect continuous ------- Past perfect continuous Simple Past ------- Past perfect Past continuous ----- Past perfect continuous (Past perfect and past perfect continuous remain unchanged) Eg : 1. He said, " I am unwell." He said that he was unwell. 2. He said, "Arun is working hard." He said that Arun was working hard. 1. He said, "It has been raining since morning." 2. Kiran said, "Lata had gone home." 3. The master said to the servant, "Go away." 4. He said to me, "Who are you?" ANSWERS 1. He said that it had been raining since morning. 2. Kiran said that Lata had gone home. 3. The master ordered the servant to go away. 4. He asked me who I was. 48 I 10 th Class For Regular Updates: www.sakshieducation.com GRAMMAR Practise Practise II. Direct and Indirect Speech Voice: It is a form of a sentence that tells whether the action is done by the subject or the effect of the action is received by the agent. Active Voice: When a subject is acts, the sentence is in active voice. Eg: He writes a letter. Passive Voice: When the effect of action is received by the agent or object, the sentence is in passive voice. Eg: A letter is written by him. Read sentence (a), then complete sentence (b) using the ideas in (a). Keep sentence (b) as close in meaning as possible to sentence (a). 1 a) They got in because you didn't lock the door properly. b) If you ___________________________ 2. a) "Didn't we discuss this yesterday?" asked the teacher. b) The teacher asked __________________ 3. a) There is a man standing at the end of the street. He has been given the best teacher award. b) The man ________________________ 4. a) They are repairing the engine. b) The engine _______________________ 5. a) He is poor. He is honest. b) Though__________________________ ANSWERS 1. If you had locked the door properly, they would not have got in. 2. The teacher asked if they had not discussed that the previous day. 3. The man who is standing at the end of the street has been given the best teacher award. 4. The engine is being repaired by them. 5. Though he is poor, he is honest. Q.No. 44 Identify the parts of speech of the underlined words. i) Nouns - names of persons, places, actions, ideas etc. ii) Pronouns - words that can be used in place of nouns. iii) Verbs - words that denote doing, being or having. iv) Adjectives - words describing nouns, pronouns v) Adverbs- words which modify verbs, adjectives or other words. vi) Prepositions - words placed before a noun or a pronoun to show in what relation those stand with other words. vii) Conjunction - words used to join two words, phrases or clauses. viii) Interjections - words expressing sudden feelings. Identify the parts of speech of the underlined words and write the words and its part of speech. 1. Nathu's wife looked at him questioningly. She could see slight embarrassment on his face. 2. I handed the list to the king, who read it and asked to see my sword. ANSWERS 1. verb adverb adjective noun 2. noun pronoun verb adjective For Regular Updates: www.sakshieducation.com 10 th Class I 49 ENGLISH (EM) Change of Pronouns Subject Object I me We us You you He him She her It It They them Practise Practise III Active and Passive Voice Parts of speech GRAMMAR ENGLISH (EM) Q.No. 45 Rewrite the following sentence after necessary corrections. 1. Verbs like avoid, stop, remember, enjoy, risk, mind, see, hear are followed by a gerund ( ing form) Eg: You must avoid to meet her. (wrong) You must avoid meeting her. (right) 2. " Be able to / able to " are not used with can / could Eg: I can able to do it (wrong) I can do it (right) or I am able to do it (right) 3. The verb ' RETURN' is not followed by ' back' & 'REPEAT' is not followed by ' again' Eg: Please return back the money and don't repeat it again (wrong) Please return the money and don't repeat it (right) 4. Remember the pattern of a direct question ( WH ) + HV + SUBJECT + MV ? Eg: Why you went out without my permission ? (wrong) Why did you go out without my permission ? (right) Note : But when a main clause precedes a question, the question is changed a statement form. Eg: Please show me where is Aditya public school? (wrong) Please show me where Aditya public school is. (right) 5. Verbs like understand, know, remember, forget, think, prefer, want hear, smell, taste, see, like, dislike, hate, love, seem, become, mind etc. are not used in continuous tenses. Eg: I am forgetting your telephone number.(wrong) I forget your telephone number.(right) 6. Nouns like news, innings, measles, rickets, mumps, classics, economics, politics etc are singular Eg: The news are interesting (wrong) The news is interesting (right) Rewrite the following sentences after necessary corrections. 1. Why you are preferring the radio than T.V? 2. Economics are my favourite subject. 3. I love the poetries of Wordsworth. ANSWERS 1. Why do you prefer the radio to T.V? 2. Economics is my favourite subject 3. I love the poetry of Wordsworth Q.No. 46 Rewrite the following passage making the improvements you think necessary. 2 marks To answer this question use pronouns and conjunctions to make improvements in the passage. 1. This book contains many stories. They are short. They are interesting. They are delightful. All people like this book. The children like this book in particular. The children like this book because there are stories about animals. 2. Once upon a time, there lived a rich man. He lived in a town. He was eccentric. There were people in the town. They were very lazy. The rich man longed to find one thing. He longed to find the laziest man in a town. 1. Answer: This book contains many short interesting stories. All the people, particularly children like this book because there are stories about animals. 2. Answer: Once upon a time, there lived a rich, eccentric man in a town full of lazy people. He longed to find the laziest man in the town. 50 I 10 th Class For Regular Updates: www.sakshieducation.com GRAMMAR Making Necessary Improvements Q.No. 47-51 Read the following passage and answer the questions given under it. 5 marks Every day at 6am K.L. Viswanathan(71), steps out of his small flat in a rundown building in Mumbai and walks to a nearby bookstall, for doing odd jobs at the stall. Viswanathan is permitted by it's owner to scan a number of newspapers and magazines. Viswanathan is a careful reader. But not of the articles. What he is interested in are appeals from sick people who can't afford to pay for their treatment. For Viswanathan's mission in life is to raise money for such patients. In the last 13 years, Viswanathan has helped raise over Rs. 14 lakh for treating around 150 patients all over India- a remarkable achievement for a man who is not well- connected and does not have much money himself. The sums raised have varied from a few hundred rupees, in the case of a man in Andhra Pradesh who needed spine surgery to nearly Rs. 1.1 lakh for a Calcutta girl whose kidneys had failed. Twice, he even persuaded Air-India to provide free tickets to patients who had to travel abroad for treatment. Viswanathan's fund-raising technique is as simple as the man himself. He first writes to the patient asking for a doctor's statement authenticating the case and estimating the cost of treatment. He then sends the patient a list of around 150 charitable organizations ranging from the Prime Minister's Relief Fund to Rotary Clubs who are likely to help. Occasionally, if he feels the case is especially deserving, he writes to the organizations himself. 1. Why does Viswanathan go to the bookstall every day? 2. What does Viswanathan want to achieve in life? 3. Viswanathan has helped raise Rs. 14 lakhs for treating patients all over India. Why does the writer consider this a remarkable achievement? 4. What is Viswanathan's technique in raising funds? 5. What extra thing does he do in deserving cases? Read the following passage and answer the questions On 5 th November, the youth wing of Child Relief and You organized an event to discuss issues related to child labour and child rights. The event consisted of slide and film shows, song and dance sequences by the students of various local schools. Ashort film to depict the lives of newspaper boys and their rights was also screened. The event stressed essentially four rights for children-the right to survival, the right to protection, the right to development and the right to participation. The event ended with candle-light vigil as a symbolic show of support for the rights of the child and child labour eradication. The students sang. "We are the world" during the candle- light vigil. For Regular Updates: www.sakshieducation.com 10 th Class I 51 ENGLISH (EM) GENERAL COMPREHENSION PASSAGES 1. Viswanathan goes to the nearby bookstall everyday for doing odd jobs there. 2. Viswanathan wants to raise money for sick people who cannot afford to pay for their treatment. 3. Viswanathan is not well-connected, nor does he have much money himself. Yet he has helped raise over Rs.14 Lakhs for sick people all over India. The writer considers this a remarkable achievement. 4. Viswanathan first writes to the patient asking for doctor's statement authenticating the case and estimating the cost of treatment. He then sends the patient a list of about 150 charitable organizations ranging from the Prime Minister's Relief fund to Rotary Clubs who are likely to help. 5. If he feels the case is especially deserving, he writes to the organizations himself. Answers GRAMMAR ENGLISH (EM) Questions : 1. What does CRY stand for ? 2. What were the two key issues that the event focussed on ? 3. What are the four rights for children? 4. What was the short film on? 5. What does the title of the song. "We are the world" suggest? Q.No. 52 I. Read the following passage. (6x1/2=3) People enjoy going to wildlife reserves and sanctuaries. But, this is not always good for the forest or it's wildlife. Modern hunters shoot only with cameras and not with guns, but all the same they can upset the lives of the animals. The roar of jeep and vans, the clicking of the cameras and the chatter of tourists disturbs the peace and scares the animals. Animals, like the deer, are greatly tempted by the food offered by the tourists. Such food is not good for animals, and sometimes they eat the plastic wrappers as well. This is extremely dangerous for them. Most people visit wildlife reserves during the hot, dry season. This is the season when plant life is struggling to stay alive. Sadly, the grass and shrubs are destroyed by tourist vehicles, and the feeding habits of grass eating animals are disturbed. Now read the following statements and find SIX of them which are in agreement with the passage. Write only the letters of the TRUE statement. a. Tourists are good for forests and it's wildlife. b. Modern hunters shoot only with cameras. c. The roar of jeep, clicking of cameras disturbs and scares the animals. d. Animals are not fed by people. e. Deer sometimes eat plastic wrappers. f. People visit wildlife during hot season. g. Hot season is best for animals. h. Plant life generally struggles to stay alive during hot season. i. Grass and shrubs are available in abundance in hot season. j. Feeding habits of grass eating animals are disturbed in hot season. ANSWERS : I. B C E F H J II. Read the following passage. (6x1/2=3) People who eat apples frequently are less likely to have heart attacks or strokes or to develop any of several kinds of cancer. The apple's pectin, a soluble fibre found just beneath the skin, can take some of the credit because it helps regulate cholesterol. The rest goes to plant chemicals called flavonoids. Fruits are also good sources of flavonoids, as well as fibre and vitamins and minerals. Eating plenty of fruits is associated with a lower risk of heart diseases, high blood pressure and several cancer. Fibre is another pulse that fruit provide. In most fruits, some of the fibre is soluble, which lowers blood cholesterol and help prevents heart diseases. Moreover, most fruits are also low in sodium high in potassium-a combination that lowers the risk of high blood pressure. Now read the following statements and find six of them which are in agreement with the passage. Write only the letters of the TRUE statements. a. People who eat apples frequently will not get cancer. b. Flavonoids remove the cholesterol that pectin cannot. c. If you peel apples thickly you will lose most of the pectin. d. Flavonoids are a type of chemical found in 52 I 10 th Class For Regular Updates: www.sakshieducation.com GRAMMAR 1. CRY stands for Child Relief and You. 2. The two key issues the event focussed on were child labour and child rights. 3. The four rights for children are: a) the right to survival b) the right to protection c) the right to development d)the right to participation. 4. The short film was on the lives of newspaper boys and their rights. 5. The title of the song. 'We are the World' suggests a symbolic show of support for the rights of the child and child labour eradication. Answers plants. e. Flavonoids provide us with fibre, vitamins and minerals. f. People with high blood pressure should eat plenty of fruits. g. People with high blood pressure should eat less sodium and more potassium. h. The fibre found in fruit dissolves in the body. i. High cholesterol can cause blood pressure. j. Pectin and flavonoids present in apples give them their disease. ANSWERS : II. A B D E F J Q.No. 53-55 I. READ THE FOLLOWING PASSAGE: Human beings have a much poorer sense of smell than animals which hunt their prey or have to be cosnstantly on the look out for enemies. If the wind is in the right direction, a deer can smell a person 800 meters (half a mile) away. Adog can follow the faint scent left by a rabbit in its tracks or detect the smell of crushed grass where the rabbit has passed over it. Not only is the human sense of smell poor, but it also gets used to odours easily. If a person sniffs at a week smell for few minutes, he is soon unable to smell it at all. Now complete the following statements. In each case, write down the letter of your choice in the space provided. (1 ) 1. According to the passage [ ] a) animals have a better sense of smell than human beings b) human beings can smell strong odours better than animals c) a deer has a better sense of smell than dogs 2. Human beings have a much poorer sense of smell than [ ] a) animals such as the dog and the deer b) animals which hunt their prey c) animals which are generally found in forests 3. In addition to being poor, the human sense of smell [ ] a) cannot detect weak smells b) gets used to odours easily c) is not well developed. ANSWERS : I. 1.A 2.B 3.C II. Read the following passage. The antenna of a devilfish cannot be cut, it is a leathery substance upon which a knife make no impression ; it slip under the blade ; to sever it would be to wound severely the victim's own flesh. The creature is formidable. but there is a way of resisting it. In fact it's only vulnerable part is it's head. James avoided the antenna. and at the very instant the monster derted forward he struck it with his knife. There were two convulsive movements in opposite direction-that of the devilfish and that of James. James had plunged the blade of his knife into the fat, slimy substance and wrenched off its head. Now complete the following statements. In each case, Write down the number of the statement and your choice in your answer book. 1. The antenna of devilfish cannot be cut, because ( ) a) it is a tough leathery substance b) it is very formidable c) it is very vulnerable 2. James stuck his knife into the devilfish and ( ) a. wrenched off its antenna b. wrenched off its head c. wrenched off its stomach 3. James struck when the monster ( ) a. darted forward b. slipped under the blade of his knife c. moved in the opposite direction ANSWERS : I. 1.A 2.B 3.A For Regular Updates: www.sakshieducation.com 10 th Class I 53 ENGLISH (EM) GRAMMAR