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POVERTY ALLEVIATION AND SOCIAL SCHEMES

Community Development Programme (CDP) started in 1952 for all round development of the nation.

Intensive Agricultural District Programme started in 1960-61 to provide seeds, loan, fertilizer, and
equipment to farmers.

Differential Rate of Interest Scheme started in 1970 to make available loans to weaker section of
society at rare of 4 per cent.

Accelerated Rural Water Supply Programme started in 1972-73 to provide drinking water.
Drought Prone Area Programme started in 1973 to maintain the ecology in the desert areas and to
preserve national resources. DPAP, DDP and IWDP are being implemented for the development of
wastelands/degraded lands.

DPAP, DDP and IWDP: Drought Prone Areas Programme (DPAP) was launched in 1973-74 to tackle the
special problems faced by areas constantly affected by severe drought conditions. While Desert
Development Programame (DDP) was launched in 1977-78 to mitigate the adverse effects of
desertification, the Integrated Wasteland Development Programme (IWDP) has been under
implementation since 1989-90 for the development of wastelands/degraded lands. The basis of
implementation of all three programmes has been shifted from sectoral to watershed basis from April
1995.

Minimum Needs Programme (MNP) started in 1974.

20 Point Programme started in 1975 to enhance the living status of the people.

Training Rural Youth for Self Employment started in 1979 to provide employment for the Rural youths
in the form of training.

Integrated Rural Development Programme was launched in 1978-79 and extended to all India in 1980-
81 to provide rural credit for employment.

National Rural Employment Programme started in 1980 Lasted for 9 years, to provide employment
opportunities.

Development for Women and Children started in 1982 to provide self employment to people below
poverty line Rural Areas (DWCRA).

Rural Landless Employment Guarantee started in 1983 to provide employment to landless Programme
(RLEGP) agricultural labourers.

Council for Advancement of Peoples Action and Rural Technology (CAPART) started in 1986 for
research and design assistance.
Jawahar Rozgar Yojana started in 1989 RLEGP merged with it. Employment scheme for rural areas.

Nehru Rozgar Yojana started in 1989 to give employment to urban areas.

District Rural Development Agency (DRDA) started in 1993 for financial assistance for rural
development.


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Mahila Samridhi Yojana (MSY) started in 1993 to encourage females for savings in Post office.

Pradhan Mantri Rozgar Yojana started in 1993 with the objective of making available self-employment
opportunities to the educated unemployed youth by assisting them in setting up any economically viable
activity.

National Social Assistance Programme started in 1995 to help BPL people through various schemes.

Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY): It was started in 1985-86. IAY is a CSS funded on cost-sharing basis
between the Centre and the States in the ratio of 75:25. In the case of UTs, the entire funds are provided
by Centre. The target groups for housing under IAY are households below poverty line living in rural
areas, particularly those belonging to SC/ST and freed bonded labourers.

Kasturba Gandhi Shiksha Yojana started in 1997-98. Special schools for girls in districts, having low
female literacy rate are established.

Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY):
In December 1997, the Urban Self-Employment Programme (USEP) and the Urban Wage Employment
Programme (UWEP), which are the two special components of the Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar
Yojana, were substituted for various programmes operated earlier for urban poverty alleviation.

Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY):
The Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) was launched in April 1999 after restructuring the
Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) and allied programmes. It is the only Self Employment
Programme currently being implemented for the rural poor.
The objective of the SGSY is to bring the assisted swarozgar is above the poverty line by providing them
income-generating assets through bank credit and Government subsidy. The scheme is being
implemented on a cost-sharing basis between the Centre and States of 75:25 for non-northeastern states
and 90:10 for northeastern states.

Annapurna Yojana started in 2000 food-grains are provided to senior citizens who were eligible for old
age pension. Foodgrains are provided to the beneficiaries at subsidized rates of Rs 2 per kg of wheat and
Rs 3 per Kg of Rice.

Samagra Awaas Yojana started in 1999 for providing shelter, sanitation and drinking water. It is a
comprehensive housing scheme.

Jan Shree Bima Yojana started in 2000 it provides insurance security to BPL people (18 - 60 years both
rural and urban sector).

Pradhanmantri Gramodaya Yojana started in 2000. PMGY launched in 2000-01 envisages allocation of
Additional Central Assistance (ACA) to the States and UTs for selected basic services such as primary
health, primary education, rural shelter, rural drinking water, nutrition and rural electrification.

Antyodaya Anna Yojana started in 2002 under the scheme one crore poorest families covered tinder
TPDS are identified and foodgrains are supplied at subsidised rates (Rs 2 per kg wheat and Rs 3 per kg
Rice). Its coverage has been increased to cover 2.5 crore families in 2005-06.

Ashraya Bima Yojana started in 2001. This scheme provides compensation of up to 30 and of last
drawn pay for a period of one year to workers who lose their job.


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Krishi Shramik Samajik Suraksha Yojana started in 2001 Labour Ministry with LIC has jointly launched
this scheme to provide social security to agricultural labourers. Rs 20,000 will be given for natural death
and Rs 50,000 for accidental if age is below 60 years. Beneficiaries will contribute Rs 1 per day while
government Rs 2 per day for every beneficiary.

Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana (SGRY): SGRY, launched on September 25,2001 to provide
additional wage employment in the rural areas, has a cash and food grains component. The cash-
component of SGRY is funded on the same sharing basis as IAY and SGSY, while food grains are
provided free of cost to the States and UTs.
Jai Prakash Rozgar Guarantee Yojana It seeks to provide guaranteed employment to the unemployed in
the most distressed districts of the country.

Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojana (VAMBAY): VAMBAY, launched in December 2001, facilitates
construction and upgradation of dwelling units for slum dwellers, and provides a healthy and enabling
environment through community toilets under Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan, a component of the scheme. The
Central Government provides a subsidy of 50 per cent, with the balance provided by the State
Governments/Union Territories. VAMBAY has been subsumed in Integrated Housing and Slum
Development Programme (IHSDP) launched along with Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal
Mission (JNNRUM) on December 3, 2005.

Swajal Dhara Yojana started in 2002 for drinking water supply in rural areas.

Haryali started in 2003. To empower the PRIs to manage watershed development projects.
PM Swasthya Suraksha Yojana started in 2003 Government has envisaged to establish six new A like
hospitals in the backward areas of the country.

PURA started in 2003 and this scheme is concerned with providing urban amenities in rural areas.
Allocation for National Food for Work programme was increased from Rs.4,020 crore in 2004-05 to
Rs.11,000 crore in 2005-06. Programme to be converted into the National Rural Employment Guarantee
Scheme.

National Rural Health Mission (NRHM): The NRHM was launched in 2005 to provide accessible,
affordable and accountable quality health services to rural areas with emphasis on poor persons and
remote areas. It is being operationalized throughout the country, with special focus on 18 states, which
include eight Empowered Action Group States (Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Uttar
Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Orissa and Rajasthan), the eight north-eastern States, Himachal Pradesh and
Jammu & Kashmir, the Mission, in a sector-wide approach addressing sanitation and hygiene, nutrition
and safe drinking water as basic determinants of good health seeks greater convergence among the
related social-sector departments, i.e. AYUSH, Women and Child Development, Sanitation, Elementary
Education, Panchayati Raj and Rural Development. The expected outcomes of the Mission include
reduction of IMR to below 30 perl,000 live births, MMR to below 100 perl,00,000 live births and TFR to 2.1
by 2012.

The ICDS scheme to be expanded with creation of 1,88,168 additional angan-wadi centres;
supplementary nutrition norms to be doubled; Centre to share one-half of the States costs. The ICDS
platform being expanded for effective implementation of the Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Adolescent Girls in
the budget 2010-11.

Rural Employment Generation Programme (REGP) launched in 1995 with the objective of creating
self-employment opportunities in the rural areas and small towns, is being implemented by the Khadi and
Village Industries Commission (KVIC). Under REGP, entrepreneurs can establish village industries by

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availing of margin money assistance from the KVIC and bank loans, for projects with a maximum cost of
Rs.25 lakh

Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY): Launched on December 25, 2000 as a 100 per cent
Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS), the primary objective of PMGSY is to provide all-weather
connectivity to all the eligible unconnected habitations in the rural areas.

Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM): JNNURM, which is for a seven year
period from 2005-06, has two main components - Basic Services to the Urban Poor (BSUP) Programme
and Integrated Housing and Slum Development Programme (IHSDP). BSUP was launched to assist cities
and towns in taking up housing and infrastructural facilities for the urban poor in 63 selected cities in the
country. IHSDP for taking up housing and slum upgradation programmes in non-BSUP cities was
launched along with BSUP in December 2005.

National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS): NREGS, which was launched on February
2, 2006, in 200 most backward districts in the first phase, was expanded to 330 districts in the second
phase during 2007-08. The remaining 266 districts were notified on September 28, 2008, and the scheme
has now been extended to all the districts of the country. The ongoing programmes of SGRY and
National Food for Work Programme (NFFWP) have been subsumed under NREGS in these districts.
NREGS will cover all districts of the country within five years. The NREGS, a demand-driven scheme, has
its focus on works relating to water conservation, drought proofing (including afforestation/tree plantation),
land development, flood-control/ protection (including drainage in waterlogged areas) and rural
connectivity in terms of all-weather roads. Allocation for Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment
Guarantee Scheme stepped up to Rs.40,100 crore in 2010-11. At present, 619 districts are covered
under the NREGS. During the year 2008-09, more than 4.51 crore households were provided
employment under the scheme. During the year 2009-10, 4.34 crore households have been provided
employment under the scheme. Out of the 182.88 crore person days created under the scheme during
this period, 29 per cent and 22 per cent were in favour of SC and ST population respectively and 50 per
cent in favour of women.

Bharat Nirman: It was launched in 2005-06 for building infrastructure and basic amenities in rural areas,
has six components,namely rural housing, irrigation potential, drinking water, rural roads, electrification
and rural telephony. It is an important initiative for reducing the gap between rural and urban areas and
improving the quality of life of people in rural areas. The allocation in 2009-10 for Bharat Nirman was
stepped up by 45 per cent over 2008-09(BE). Up to December 2009, a total length of about 2,50,554 km
of roads has been completed under the PMGSY with a cumulative expenditure of Rs 59,800 crore. To
enable rural schools to provide safe and clean drinking water for children, the Jalmaniprogramme was
launched on November 14, 2008 and Rs 100 crore was provided to the States in 2008-09.

Aam Admi Bima Yojana: Under a new scheme called Aam Admi Bima Yojana (AABY), launched on
October 2, 2007, insurance to the head of the family of rural landless households in the country will be
provided against natural death as well as accidental death and partial/permanent disability. This cover is
Rs. 75,000 on death due to accident and permanent disability due to accident, Rs. 37,500 in case of
partial permanent disability due to accident and Rs. 30,000 in case of death of a member, prior to terminal
date. The premium to be charged under the scheme is Rs. 200 per annum per member, 50 per cent of
which is to be contributed by the Central Government and remaining by State Governments. Up to
September 30, 2009, the Scheme had covered 81.99 lakh lives.

Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana: The Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana was formally launched on
October 1, 2007. All workers in the unorganized sector who come in the category of Below Poverty Line
(BPL) and their families will be covered under the Scheme. The scheme also has a provision of smart
card to be issued to the beneficiaries to enable cashless transaction for health care. Total sum insured

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would be Rs. 30,000 per family per annum with Government of India contributing 75 per cent of the
annual estimated premium amount of Rs. 750 subject to a maximum of Rs. 565 per family per annum
while State Governments are expected to contribute 25 per cent of the annual premium as well as any
additional premium. The cost of smart card would also be borne by Central Government.

National Old Age Pension Scheme (NOAPS): Under the Scheme, the Central Government provides
Rs. 200 per month of financial assistance per beneficiary. The eligibility criteria for NOAPS has been
recently modified from who is 65 years or above and a destitute to one who is 65 years and above and
belonging to a household below the poverty line. The Ministry of Rural Development administers the
scheme.

Ujjawala Scheme for Prevention of Trafficking and Rescue, Rehabilitation and Reintegration of victims of
trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation The Scheme was launched on December 4, 2007. It has five
components namely, prevention, rescue, rehabilitation, reintegration and repatriation.
Project Arrow to provide new technology enabled services through post offices to common man and
support effective implementation of social sector schemes like NREGS, while promoting financial
inclusion.

Priyadarsini Project a rural womens employment and livelihood programme will be implemented as pilot
in the district of Madhubani and Sitamarhi in Bihar and Shravasti, Bahraich, Rai Bareli and Sultanpur in
Uttar Pradesh.

Indira Gandhi National Widow Pension Scheme to provide pension of Rs 200 to widows between age
groups of 40-64 years and Indira Gandhi National Disability Pension Scheme to provide pension for
severely disabled persons. Widows in the age group of 18-40 years to be given priority in admission to
ITIs, Women ITIs and National/ Regional ITIs for women. Government to bear cost of their training and
provide stipend of Rs 500 per month.

Unique Identification Authority of India: The UID System is envisioned as a means for residents to
easily establish their identity, anywhere in the country. It will be an important step towards ensuring that
residents in India can access the resources and benefits they are entitled to. The resident will be able to
enrol for a UID number by providing basic demographic as well as biometric details (which may include
photograph, fingerprints and iris scan) to the enrolling agency. Rs 1,900 crore allocated to the Unique
Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) for 2010-11. UIDAI will be able to meet its commitments of issuing
the first set of UID numbers in the coming year.

Pradhan Mantri Adarsh Gram Yojana (PMAGY): New scheme Pradhan Mantri Adarsh Gram Yojana
(PMAGY) with an allocation of Rs.100 crore launched on pilot basis for integrated development of 1000
villages having population of scheduled castes above 50 per cent.

Brihan Mumbai Storm Water Drainage Project (BRIMSTOWA): Provision for the project BRIMSTOWA
initiated in 2007 and funded through Central Assistance to address the problem of flooding in Mumbai,
enhanced from Rs.200 crore in Interim B.E. 2009-10 to Rs.500 crore in B.E. 2009-10 to expedite
completion of the project.

Saakshar Bharat to further improve female literacy rate launched with a target of 7 crore non-literate
adults which includes 6 crore women.

Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY): This scheme was launched on 12th April, 2005, This 100 per cent
centrally sponsored scheme was launched with a focus on demand promotion for institutional deliveries in
States and regions where these are low. It targeted lowering of the MMR by ensuring that deliveries were
conducted by skilled birth attendants.

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Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana (PMSSY): The PMSSY has two components in its first
phase: (i) Setting up of six All-India Institute of Medical Science (AIIMS)-like institutionsUnder the first
phase of the PMSSY, the Government has decided to set up six AIIMSlike institutions, one each in the
States of Bihar (Patna), Chhattisgarh (Raipur), Madhya Pradesh (Bhopal), Orissa (Bhubaneshwar),
Rajasthan (Jodhpur) and Uttranchal (Rishikesh). These States were identified on the basis of their socio-
economic vulnerabilities, (ii) Upgradation of 13 existing Government medical colleges/ institutions in ten
States, In most of the colleges, most of the work is expected to be completed this year, while in the rest, it
would be completed in 2010-11.

Pulse Polio Immunization Programme :
1. An outbreak of polio has been witnessed in 2006 with the spread of polio virus.
2. The initiatives include use of Monovalent Oral Polio Vaccine (mOPVl & mOPV3) in the high risk districts
and States to enhance immunity against PI and P3 virus,vaccinating the children in transit and covering
children of migratory population from Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.

Kishori Shakti Yojana (KSY) and Nutrition Programme for Adolescent Girls (NPAG)
1. KSY aims at addressing the needs of self- development, nutrition and health status, literacy and
numerical skills, and vocational skills of adolescent girls in the age group of 11-18 years.
2. It provides free foodgrain @ 6 kg per beneficiary per month to undernourished adolescent girls (11-19
years) irrespective of financial status of the family to which they belong.
3. Both the schemes are being implemented through the infrastructure of Integrated Child Development
Services Scheme (ICDS).
4. A Comprehensive Scheme for Prevention of Trafficking and Rescue, Rehabilitation and Re-integration of
Victims of Trafficking and Commercial Sexual Exploitation-Ujjawala-has been launched recently. The
scheme has five components-prevention, rescue,rehabilitation, re-integration and repatriation.

Rajiv Gandhi National Creche Scheme :
1. The scheme of Rajiv Gandhi National Creche Scheme for Children of Working Mothers provides its
services to the children of age group 0-6 years which includes supplementary nutrition, emergency
medicines and contingencies.
2. Up to March 31, 2009, 31,718 creches with approximately 7,92,950 beneficiaries had been sanctioned to
the implementing agencies.

Shishu Greh Scheme :
1. The Central Adoption Resource Agency (CARA), an autonomous organization of Ministry of Women
and Child Development is functioning with the goal to promote domestic adoption and regulate inter-
country adoption as provided under the Guidelines of Government of India.
2. CARA is also implementing the Shishu Greh Scheme for providing institutional care to children up to the
age of 6 years and their rehabilitation through in country adoption.

Dhanalaxmi scheme: A conditional cash transfer scheme, Dhanlakshmi, for the girl child was launched
as a pilot project in March 2008. The scheme provides for cash transfers to the family of a girl child on
fulfilling certain specific conditionalities relating to birth and registration, immunization and enrolment and
retention in schools up to Class VIII. The scheme is being implemented in 11 blocks across seven States.
An amount of Rs 5.95 crore was released during 2008-09, which is expected to benefit 79,555 girl
children in identified blocks of Andhra Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Orissa, Jharkhand and Punjab.


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The Support to Training and Employment Programme for Women (STEP) seeks to provide updated
skills and new knowledge to poor women in 10 traditional sectors for enhancing their productivity and
income generation. During the year 2008-09, 31,865 women have benefited from the scheme.
Up to December 31, 2009 11 new projects have been sanctioned and 12,866 beneficiaries covered under
STEP in 2009-10. As of December 31, 2009, 318 Swadhar homes and 237 helplines are functioning
across the country under the Swadhar Scheme which aims to provide the primary needs of shelter, food,
clothing and care to margina-lized women/ girls who are without any social and economic support.

Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) :
1. The Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) is being implemented in partnership with States to address the needs
of children in age group of 6-14 years.
2. The achievements of the SSA till September end 2009 are opening of 2,88,155 new schools, construction
of 2,40,888 school buildings, construction of 10,26,831 additional classrooms, 1,84,652 drinking water
facilities, construction of 2,86,862 toilets, supply of free textbooks to 9.05 crore children, appointment of
10.11 lakh teachers and in-service training for 21.79 lakh teachers.

Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA): A new centrally sponsored scheme, the RMSA, to
enhance access to secondary education and improve its quality was launched in March 2009. The
objectives of the scheme are to achieve an enrolment ratio of 75 per cent for Classes IX-X within five
years by providing a secondary school within reasonable distance of every habitation, to improve quality
of education imparted at secondary level through making all secondary schools conform to prescribed
norms, to remove gender, socio-economic and disability barriers, universal access to secondary level
education by 2017, i.e. by the end of 12th Five Year Plan and universal retention by 2020. The Central
Government shall bear 75 per cent and the State Governments 25 per cent of the project expenditure
during the Eleventh Five Year Plan. The funding pattern will be 90:10 for the northeastern States.

National Programme for Education of Girls at Elementary Education (NPEGEL) :
1. The programme is aimed at enhancing girls education by providing additional support for development of
a model girl child friendly school in every cluster with more intense community mobilization and
supervision of girls enrolment in schools.
2. Under NPEGEL, 35,252 model schools have been opened in addition to supporting 25,537 Early
Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) centres. Besides, 24,387 additional classrooms have been
constructed, and 1.85 lakh teachers have been given training on gender sensitization.

Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV) :
1. The Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV) scheme was launched in July 2004 for setting up
residential schools at upper primary level for girls belonging predominantly to the SC, ST, OBC and
minority communities. There are 2573 KGBVs reported to have been sanctioned in the States and 1.96
lakh girls belonging to the SC,ST,OBC & minority communities enrolled in them.
National programme of mid-day meals in schools : Under this programme, the Government has
revised the food norm for upper primary children by increasing the quantity of pulses from 25 to 30 g,
vegetables from 65 to 75 g and decreasing the quantity of oil and fat from 10 to 7.5 g. Upward revision of
the cooking cost (excluding labour and administrative charges) for primary to Rs 2.50 and for upper
primary to Rs 3.75 has also been made. The cooking cost now includes the cost of pulses, vegetables, oil
and fats, salt and condiments and fuel. A separate provision for payment of an honorarium to a cook-
cum-helper @ Rs 1000 per month has been made. Transportation assistance for 11 Special Category
StatesAssam, Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Manipur, Meghalaya,
Nagaland, Sikkim, Uttarakhand and Tripurahas been revised to the rate prevalent under the


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Public Distribution System (PDS) in these States in place of the existing assistance at a flat rate of Rs
125 per quintal. The new rates are effective from December 1, 2009. Besides the cost of construction of
kitchen-cum-store has been revised. The cooking cost, honorarium and cost of construction of kitchen-
cum-store will be shared between the Centre and the north-eastern States on a 90:10 basis and other
States / UTs on a 75:25 basis.

Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY): The RSBY was launched on October 1, 2007 for
BPL families (a unit of not more than five) in the unorganized sector. The total sum insured is Rs 30,000
per family per annum. The premium is shared on a 75:25 basis by the Centre and the State Government.
In case of north-eastern States and Jammu & Kashmir, the premium is shared in a 90:10 ratio. The
beneficiary is entitled to cashless transactions through a smart card. The RSBY became operational from
April 1, 2008. Till January 12, 2010, 26 States/Union Territories have initiated the process of
implementing the scheme.