Lecture 1 HSE MOVEMENT THEN AND NOW Dr Asna Mohd Zain 2 Lecture Content Definitions Importance of HSE Historical Perspective of OSH Development Development of Accident Prevention Development of Safety Organizations HSE Movement Today 3 Definition HEALTH Mainly on physical health or mental health issues related to workplace. Can also be called as occupational health. Example: Ergonomics Hazard (physical health) Stress (mental health) 4 SAFETY Free from danger. Concern with injury-causing situations and hazards to humans that results from sudden severe conditions. Example: Fire hazards Temperature hazards Definition 5 ENVIRONMENT The combination of all things, matters and factors to the individual or population of organisms in questions. Example: Work place environment Outdoor environment Definition 6 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH Social, mental and physical well-being of workers at work. It aims to: promote & maintain the highest degree of physical, mental and social well-being of workers prevent adverse effects on health caused by working conditions provide occupational environment adapted to physical and mental needs adaptation of work to human Definition 7 Why HSE is Important? To prevent and eliminate the risk of injuries, health hazards and damage to properties. To identify steps towards the conservation and preservation of the environment. Minimize the unsafe act or unsafe conditioned 8 Historical Perspective of OSH Development In the early state of our country development, the economic structure depended heavily on agricultural and mining based activity. The rapid developments taking place in the Malaysian Industrialization program have changed employment patterns to an increasing emphasis on manufacturing and service sectors of the economy. 9 Positive/Good Points HAND MADE ITEMS/TOOLS & PEOPLE/ANIMAL POWER MASS PRODUCTION BY MACHINERIES & NEW METHODS SPECIALIZATION OF WORK/WORKERS BECAME MORE PRODUCTIVE LIFE IMPROVED 10 Negative/Bad Points HARMFUL WORKING CONDITIONS/NEW RISKS & DISEASES POLLUTION INCREASED CAPITALISTS EMPLOYED WOMEN AND YOUNG CHILDREN 11 Various workplace accident from 1998-2002 12 Reported industrial accidents from 1997 to mid 2002 statistic 13 14 15 Fact and figure related to occupational disease reported by DOSH - May 2014 16 17 Development of safety & health movement GOVERNMENT RESPONSE TRAGEDIES & ACCIDENTS ROLE OF ORGANISED LABOUR/UNION SPECIFIC HEALTH PROBLEMS 18 Malaysias Milestone in HSE Movement 1878 First Machinery Inspector is appointed 1892 Selangor Boiler Enactment 1953 The enactment of Machinery Ordinance/The birth of Machinery Dpt 1967 Factories and Machinery Act/Machinery Department expanded to become Factories and Machinery Department (FMD) 1975 The enactment of Environmental Quality Act 1974/The formation of Department of Environment 1992 Formation of National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) 1994 Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 is adopted FMD is transformed to Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH) 2000 Use and Standards of Exposure of Chemicals and Hazardous to Health Regulations is operated. 19 U S
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m o v e m e n t Bhopal tragedy Asbestos menace Hawk nest 20 Development of HSE programs Early safety programs were based on the Three Es of Safety. Engineering - Design improvement in process & product Education/Research - Cultivate safety awareness/habits, safety training Enforcement - Ensure compliance to law & regulations by enforcement, penalty 21 Development of HSE programs Benefits: Make the environment safe Make the job safe Make all employees do the job safely Less compensation and medical bills financial savings. 22 Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH) is responsible for : Ensuring the safety, health and welfare of persons at work and; Protections of other people from hazards arising from the activities of persons at work in various economic sector. Development of safety organisations 23 Development of safety organisations National Institute Of Occupational Safety And Health (NIOSH) is the centre for training, consultancy, information dissemination and research in occupational safety and health in Malaysia. Established in 1992 to spearhead the safety and health culture at the workplace in Malaysia. 24 Development of safety organisations Social Security Organisation (SOCSO) / Pertubuhan Keselamatan Social (PERKESO) is committed to ensure socio-economic security of all working Malaysian citizens including their dependants. 25 Other related organisations American Public Health Association Bureau of Labor Statistics US Consumer Product Safety Commission National Safety Council Environmental Protection Agency Department of Environment Department of Public Health Ministry of Health Ministry of Human Resource M a l a y s i a
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a g e n c i e s 26 OSH situation in Malaysia Study by MTUC (Malaysian Trades Union Congress) Objective is to investigate: Implementation of the OSH act 1994 OSH culture in workplaces Heath & Safety situation in workplaces Based on 226 respondents 1. Implementation of the OSH act 1994 No OSH policy = 26% No implementation of OSH policy = 40.5% No OSH committee = 32.4% No workers rep. in OSH committee = 30.2% OSH committee elected by employer only = 44.7% OSH committee not effective = 52.3% 27 OSH situation in Malaysia 2. OSH culture in workplaces First aid system in place = 80.2% PPE provided = 76% but 45.1% use them Not informed about OSH matters = 31.3% No general medical examination for workers = 51.1% 3. Heath & Safety situation in workplaces Fatal accidents happened = 23.7% Workplace is not healthy = 43.5% Undergo stress problem = 49.6% 28 HSE Movement Today Integrated approach to safety and health Medical treatment for injured or ill workers Regular monitoring of workers exposed to toxic Qualified Doctor HSE staff Industrial Hygiene Chemist/Engineer, Radiation Control Specialist, Physicians, Psychologists, Industrial Safety Engineer, HSE executive, HSE manager. Rapid growth in the profession - Associate and Baccalaureate degree programmes in industrial technology include industrial safety course Engineering degree programs integrate HSE course Colleges and Universities offer full degrees in HSE 29 Some 80%to 90%of our students leave school each year to join the labour pool and if they are safety conscious students, they will also become safety conscious workers. This will benefit themselves, their employers and society in general when productivity is increased and unnecessary costs and sufferings caused by industrial accidents will be minimised,'' The Star, Wednesday, January 22, 2003 The HRs Ministry hold discussions with the Education Ministry on ways to incorporate fun lessons'' on safety and health standards in the school curriculum - Deputy Minister Dr Abdul Latiff Ahmad . Making safety issues fun to learn 30 End of Lecture Lesson learned life is precious and cannot be replaced Summary: Definition The important of HSE Historical perspective of OSH Development of HSE program and organisation Approach to safety