Wednesday July 3

Endgames
9-9:30 am
One group.
Basic endgame principles for everyone.
There are !o main poins of endgames !e are going o al" a#ou oday.
$hec"maing he opponen or playing for a dra! !hen fe! pieces are lef on he #oard% and general
sraegies !hen here are sill more pa!ns and pieces on he #oard.
&: 'o! many s(uares does he "ing conrol !hen i is here) *+lace "ing in cener of he #oard,
-: 9% including he s(uare i is on
&: 'o! many s(uares does he "ing conrol !hen i is here) *+lace "ing on edge of #oard,
-: .% including he s(uare i is on
&: 'o! many s(uares does he "ing conrol !hen i is here) *+lace "ing in a corner,
-: /% including he s(uare i is on
To chec"mae he "ing% you have o conrol all he s(uares i can move o and hen pu he "ing in
chec". 01s easier o conrol / s(uares han 9. Tha1s !hy for mos of he #asic chec"mae paerns% he
"ing is eiher on he edge of he #oard or in he corner.
2ou also need o use your "ing #ecause in he endgame% he "ing is no! a lo safer han i is in he
middle game. 2ou can use he "ing o help capure pa!ns and even use i as an aac"ing piece. 0n fac%
you can1 even chec"mae your opponen !ih he sronges piece in he game% he (ueen. The (ueen
needs he "ing1s help. This is somehing you should remem#er if you are !inning and rying o
chec"mae your opponen.
On he oher hand% if you1re losing% hen you !an o "eep your "ing in he cener and ma"e i harder for
your opponen o chec"mae you. 2ou shouldn1 resign even !hen you have 3us a "ing lef% #ecause i1s
(uie possi#le ha your opponen !ill no "no! ho! o chec"mae you. *Tell a personal sory or
somehing,
4omehing really imporan in all areas of he game% #u especially he endgame% is o use all your
pieces. 0n he middle game or opening% no using your roo" in he corner migh #e o" #ecause you have
/ or 5 oher pieces ha are all doing useful hings. Then i migh #e a figh !here is 5 pieces vs /
pieces or / pieces vs 3 pieces. 'o!ever% once #oh you and your opponen only have 6 or 7 pieces
each% if you don1 use one of your pieces hen i is much more li"ely ha you !ill lose *3 pieces vs 7
pieces or 7 pieces vs 6 piece,.
Example
8oo"s #elong on open files. Try o ge hem o he 9
h
ran" if possi#le. :sually% he opponen has los of
pa!ns on his 9
h
ran" so a roo" has more arges on he second ran". The opponen1s "ing is also ofen
he las ran"% so a roo" on he 9
h
ran" sops he opponen1s "ing from moving for!ard.
Example
0n endgames !ih pa!ns on #oh sides of he #oard% #ishops are generally #eer #ecause hey can
ravel across he #oard faser han "nighs can. 0n endgames !ih pa!ns on only one side of he #oard%
"nighs are generally #eer #ecause hey can aac" pa!ns on #oh colors.
+a!n srucure is very imporan in endgames% especially !hen i is 3us "ing and pa!ns vs. "ing and
pa!ns% or if here are "nighs or #ishops on he #oard. 2ou !an your pa!ns o no #e on he same color
as your opponen1s #ishop% if he has one.
Examples of good and bad pawn structures
$onrol he cener)
9:30-60:30 am
Beginner1s ;roup
Basic chec"maes
8<8 vs =
One !ay o loo" a his chec"mae is li"e you are forcing he "ing o go do!n a saircase.
+u he !o roo"s ne> o each oher and push he "ing o one edge of he #oard.
=<& vs =% =<8 vs =
- he #eginning of he day% !e al"ed a#ou ho! puing he "ing in he corner is he easies !ay o se
up a chec"mae. ?or chec"maing he "ing !ih a (ueen or a roo"% !e are going o use he idea of
puing he "ing in a #o> and ma"ing i smaller unil hey are rapped in he corner. We also have o
remem#er o use he "ing o help. - (ueen #y iself can force he "ing ino he corner% #u a roo" needs
he help of he "ing o force he opponen1s "ing ino he corner.
Wach ou for salemaes@ ;o over salemaes if someone doesn1 "no! !ha salemae is. *- salemae
is !hen one side1s "ing canno move any!here% he is no in chec"% he has no legal moves% and i is his
move. Then he game is a dra!.,
$over he common salemaes *=f. &h. =gA or =h. &f. =gA or &f9 =hA or =f. 8g9 =hA,
=<+ vs = *opposiion mus #e sressed, and o dra!% ge he opposiion and al!ays a"e one sep #ac"
!hen forced% !ha can and can1 mae he "ing
0f you have he opposiion% i gives you he opporuniy o move for!ard ino enemy erriory.
0nermediae < advanced ;roup
opposiion
0f you have he opposiion% i gives you he opporuniy o move for!ard ino enemy erriory.
Opposiion e>iss on diagonals and from a disance oo. There is anoher ype of opposiion ha does
no have a direc line going from one "ing o he oher. 0f you can ma"e a recangle !ih each corner
#eing he same color% hen you can ge he opposiion.
"ing and !o dou#led pa!ns vs "ing
riangulaion
Triangulaion is a series of moves !here he "ing moves o he side and hen moves for!ard *in a
riangle, so ha he can Blose a moveC and gain he opposiion.
Ouflan"ing
6. =a7@ =#A@ 7. =#7 =cA 3. =c7 =dA /. =d7 =eA 5. =e7 =fA .. =f7 =gA 9. =g7 =hA
Do! ouflan"ing sars.
A. =f3 =g9 9. =g3@ *rea"ing he opposiion, =f9 60. =h/@ *ouflan"ing again, =g.
66. =g/ =h. 67. =f5 =g9 63. =g5 =f9 6/. =h. =gA 65. =g. =fA 6.. =h9
Even hough #oh "ings sar on he same s(uare and move he same !ay% one "ing can #e sronger han
he oher one if you undersand his echni(ue. Ouflan"ing is !hen he sronger side1s =ing moves o
he side% and hen i is a#le o march for!ard o!ards he arge. 0f he enemy "ing seps in fron of i%
hen he sronger side can a"e he direc opposiion. This is li"e !ih sail#oas !here hey have o ac"
and go side o side in order o advance for!ards.
EugF!ang
Eugs!ang is a siuaion !hen an opponen is forced o ma"e a move even hough hey don1 !an o.
Oher!ise #oh sides could 3us pass and los of posiions in chess !ould #e e(ual. 'ere are some
e>amples:
"ing and pa!n endgame sraegy
0f here is ime% B<+<= vs =% D<+<= vs. =
60:30-67
3 30-minue groups ha are roaed.
;roup 6
Pawn endgames and simple bishop and knight endgames
s(uare of he pa!n
ouside passed pa!ns
'aving an ouside passed pa!n really helps #ecause you can use i o disrac he opponen1s "ing.
While he opponen is going afer your ouside passed pa!n% you can !in heir oher pa!ns.
roo" pa!ns
8oo" pa!ns ofen lead o dra!s% !ih he e>cepion of ouside passed pa!ns. 2ou can1 force he
defending "ing ou of he corner #ecause i !ill lead o salemae.
pa!n #rea"s *3 pa!ns vs 3 pa!ns% ec,
4opping pa!n #rea"s: #e careful a#ou ho! you push your pa!ns #ecause hey can1 move #ac"!ards.
4omeimes% one pa!n can sop !o pa!ns.
6. g/)) g5 leading o a loss for Whie !hen he should have dra!n !ih 6. h/ follo!ed #y g/ and h5.
"nigh vs lone pa!n
a "nigh can sop he pa!n even !ihou help from he "ing as long as is close and i can mainain
conrol over he s(uare in fron of he pa!n
#ishop vs lone pa!n
an easy dra! #ecause he #ishop can sop he pa!n from a disance
#ishops of opposie colors
;roup 7
roo" endgames
lucena *sronger side !ins,
Whie !ins in he posiion !hoever1s move i is.
Whie needs o: move he "ing off of dA and promoe he pa!n o a (ueen.
6. 8f7< =g9
Which move) =eA% =e9% 8g7<% 8f/.
=eA) 8e6< 3. =dA 8c6
=e9) 8e6< 3. =d. 8d6< /. =e. 8e6< 5. =f5 8d6
8g7<) =f9
8f/@ *B#uilding a #ridgeC, 8c7 3. =e9 8e7< /. =d. 8d7< 5. =e. 8e7< .. =d5 8d7< 9. 8d/@
?orce he "ing a!ay from he pa!n #y 8f7<. 8f/ o #loc" chec"s in he fuure. Gove he "ing a!ay%
and #loc" he chec"s ha your opponen ma"es.
+hilidor *dra!,
-n imporan misa"e he defender can ma"e is o have a passive roo".
4!inging he roo" from one side of he #oard o he oher is somehing ha can #e useful in oher
posiions oo.
'o!ever% !ih an a% #% g% or h pa!n% i1s an easy dra! even !ih a passive roo".
He1s a"e a loo" a he philidor again.
6... 8h.% cuing off Whie1s "ing from he .
h
ran".
2ou need o !ai unil Whie plays e. #efore playing ...8h6. 0f 8h6 righ a!ay% hen =d. is very srong.
This posiion is acually a dra! #u i is very very complicaed.
Trapping he enemy "ing using he roo" is a good !ay o guaranee a !in or a dra!.
roo" vs lone pa!n
:sing he roo" o cu off he "ing can help !in he pa!n. The side !ih he pa!n can only dra! if he
opponen1s "ing is very far from he pa!n. The side !ih he pa!n should ry o cu off he opponen1s
"ing !ih heir "ing.
;roup 3
-dvanced #ishop and "nigh endgames
Hoo" a posiions !ih !ea"nesses and e>plain ho! o e>ploi hem. ?or e>ample:
6-6:30 movie
6:30-7:30 group game% eam "evin vs eam michael
7:30-3:65 loo" over he game
3:65-3:/5
$apa#lanca-Tara"o!er De! 2or" 697/
6. d/ e. 7. Df3 f5 3. c/ Df. /. Bg5 Be9 5. Dc3 O-O .. e3 #.
9. Bd3 B#9 A. O-O &eA 9. &e7 De/ 60. B>e9 D>c3 66. #>c3 &>e9
67. a/ B>f3 63. &>f3 Dc. 6/. 8f#6 8aeA 65. &h3 8f. 6.. f/ Da5
69. &f3 d. 6A. 8e6 &d9 69. e/ f>e/ 70. &>e/ g. 76. g3 =fA
77. =g7 8f9 73. h/ d5 7/. c>d5 e>d5 75. &>eA< &>eA 7.. 8>eA<
=>eA 79. h5@ IThis is he calamiy--he 8oo" no! eners he
hosile camp. -- -le"hineJ 8f. 7A. h>g. h>g. 79. 8h6 IWhie
plays logically o uiliFe his advanage on he =-side and
very properly does no concern himself !ih he !ea"ness of
he &-side. Blac"% on he oher hand% ma"es a defensive move
!hich he could perhaps have omied. -- 8eiJ =fA 30. 8h9 8c.
36. g/ I-n>ious naure migh have moved he =ing o!ards he
(ueenside% #u $apa#lanca adheres o he principle of
aggression ha governs roo" endings. -- 8eiJ Dc/ 37. g5 I'e
gives his opponen he opporuniy of !inning a pa!n. Bu
$apa#lanca has confidence in he passed pa!n !hich he
o#ains. -- 8eiJ De3< 33. =f3 Df5 3/. B>f5 I4imple and
compelling. -- -le"hineJ g>f5 35. =g3 IKecisive@ Whie
sacrifices maerial in order o o#ain he classical posiion
!ih =ing on f.% pa!n on g.% and 8oo" on h9% !hereupon he
#lac" pa!ns um#le li"e ripe apples. -- -le"hineJ 8>c3< I0 is
e>remely insrucive o see ho! $apa#lanca is no longer in
he leas concerned a#ou maerial e(ualiy% #u hin"s only
of supporing his passed pa!n. -- 8eiJ 3.. =h/ 8f3 39. g.
8>f/< 3A. =g5 8e/ 39. =f. I0 is a fre(uenly availa#le
finesse in such posiions no o capure hosile pa!ns% #u o
pass hem #y in order o #e proeced in he rear agains
chec"s #y he roo". -- 8eiJ =gA /0. 8g9< =hA /6. 8>c9 8eA
/7. =>f5 I-gain he simples. =f9 !ould no ye have #een
disasrous #ecause of 8dA% ec. -- -le"hineJ 8e/ /3. =f. 8f/<
//. =e5 8g/ /5. g9< =gA I-fer e>changing roo"s% Whie !ould
!in sill more easily. -- -le"hineJ /.. 8>a9 8g6 /9. =>d5 8c6
/A. =d. 8c7 /9. d5 8c6 50. 8c9 8a6 56. =c. 8>a/ 57. d.
I$apa#lanca1s managemen of he endgame gives he impression
of #eing so naural ha one easily forges he difficuly of
such precise play. The difficuly is chiefly psychological. 0n
chess% as in life% one is so accusomed o place value on he
maerial facors ha i is no easy o conceive he idea of
indulging in pa!n sacrifices !hen here is so lile availa#le
maerial. --8eiJ 6-0