Standardization buffers

For pH=7.00 :
Add 29.1 ml of 0.1 molar NaOH to 50 ml 0.1 molar potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
Alternatively :
Dissolve 1.20g of sodium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.885g of disidium hydrogen phosphate in 1 liter volume distilled
water.
For pH= 4.00 :
Add 0.1 ml of 0.1 molar NaOH to 50 ml of 0.1 molar potassium hydrogen phthalate .
Alternatively :
Dissolve 8.954g of disodium hydrogen phosphste.12 H2O and 3.4023g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate in 1 liter
volume distilled water.

Range of common buffer systems

Buffering system

Useful buffering pH range @

25C

Hydrochloric acid/ Potassium chloride

1.0 - 2.2

Glycine/ Hydrochloric acid

2.2 - 3.6

Potassium hydrogen phthalate/ Hydrochloric acid

2.2 - 4.0

Citric acid/ Sodium citrate

3.0 - 6.2

Sodium acetate/ Acetic acid

3.7 - 5.6

Potassium hydrogen phtaalate/ Sodium hydroxide

4.1 - 5.9

Disodium hydrogen phthalate / Sodium dihydrogen orthophospate

5.8 - 8.0

Dipotassium hydrogen phthalate / Potassium dihydrogen

orthophospate

5.8 - 8.0

Potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate / sodium hydroxide

5.8 - 8.00

Barbitone sodium / Hydrochloric acid

6.8 - 9.6

Tris (hydroxylmethyl) aminomethane / Hydrochloric acid

7.0 - 9.00

Sodium tetraborate/ Hydrochloric acid

8.1 - 9.2

Glycine/ Sodium hydroxide

8.6 - 10.6

Sodium carbonate/ Sodium hydrogen carbonate

9.2 - 10.8

Sodium tetraborate/ Sodium hydroxide

9.3 - 10.7

Sodium bicarbonate / Sodium hydroxide

9.60 - 11.0

Sodium hydrogen orthophosphate / Sodium hydroxide

11.0 - 11.9

Potassium chloride/ Sodium hydroxide

12.0 - 13.0

Preparing a Buffer Solution

This page gives tabulated info on the preparation of buffers by mixing adjusters
with a known volume of the primary salt solution, and made up to 200ml with distilled
water.
BUFFERS 1.00 - 9.00
Buffer A :
pH 1.0 - 2.2

Buffer B :
pH 2.2 - 4.00

Buffer C :
pH 4.10 - 5.90

50 ml 0.2 M
KCl + mls of
0.2 M HCl

100 ml 0.1 M
potassium
hydrogen phthalate
+ mls of 0.1 M HCl.

100 ml 0.1 M
. 100 ml 0.1 M
potassium
KH2PO4 + mls
hydrogen phthalate of 0.1 M NaOH.
+ mls of 0.1 M
NaOH

100 ml 0.1 M tris

(hydroxymethyl)
aminomethane + mls of
0.1 M HCl.

pH

pH

pH

mls of
pH
0.2M HCl
added

mls of 0.1M
HCl added

Buffer D :
pH 5.8 - 8.00

mls of 0.1M pH
NaOH added

mls of
0.1M
NaOH
added

Buffer E :
pH 7.0 - 9.00

mls of 0.1 M HCl

added

1.00 134.0

2.20 99.0

4.10 2.6

5.80 7.2

7.00 93.2

1.10 105.6

2.30 91.6

4.20 6.0

5.90 9.2

7.10 91.4

1.20 85.0

2.40 84.4

4.30 9.4

6.00 11.2

7.20 89.4

1.30 67.2

2.50 77.6

4.40 13.2

6.10 13.6

7.30 86.8

1.40 53.2

2.60 70.8

4.50 17.4

6.20 16.2

7.40 84.0

1.50 41.4

2.70 64.2

4.60 22.2

6.30 19.4

7.50 80.6

1.60 32.4

2.80 57.8

4.70 27.2

6.40 23.2

7.60 77.0

1.70 26.0

2.90 51.4

4.80 33.0

6.50 27.8

7.70 73.2

1.80 20.4

3.00 44.6

4.90 38.8

6.60 32.8

7.80 69.0

1.90 16.2

3.10 37.6

5.00 45.2

6.70 38.6

7.90 64.0

2.00 13.0

3.20 31.4

5.10 51.0

6.80 44.8

8.00 58.4

2.10 10.2

3.30 25.8

5.20 57.6

6.90 51.8

8.l0

2.20 7.8

3.40 20.8

5.30 63.2

7.00 58.2

8.20 45.8

3.50 16.4

5.40 68.2

7.10 64.2

8.30 39.8

3.60 12.6

5.50 73.2

7.20 69.4

8.40 34.4

3.70 9.0

5.60 77.6

7.30 74.0

8.50 29.4

3.80 5.8

5.70 81.2

7.40 78.2

8.60 24.4

3.90 2.8

5.80 84.6

7.50 82.2

8.70 20.6

4.00 0.2

5.90 87.4

7.60 85.6

8.80 17.0

7.70 88.4

8.90 14.0

7.80 90.6

9.00 11.4

7.90 92.2
8.00 93.4

52.4

BUFFERS 08 - 13
Buffer F: pH 8.0 - 9.10 Buffer G :
pH 9.2 - 10.80
100 mL 0.025 M
Na2B4O7.10H2O
(borax) + mls of 0.1 M
HCl.
pH

Buffer H :
pH 9.60 - 11.00

Buffer I :
Buffer J :
pH 10.90 - 12.00 pH 12.00 - 13.00

100 mL 0.025 M
100 mL 0.05 M
Na2B4O7.10H2O
NaHCO3 + mls
(borax) + mls of 0.1 M of 0.1 M NaOH.
NaOH.

100 mL 0.05 M 50 mL 0.2 M KCl

Na2HPO4 + mls + volume
of 0.1 M NaOH. indicated (in mL)
0.2 M NaOH.

mls of 0.1M HCl pH

added

mls of 0.1M
NaOH added

pH

mls of
0.1M
NaOH
added

pH

mls of
0.1M
NaOH
added

pH

mls of
0.2M
NaOH
added

8.00 41.0

9.20

1.8

9.60

10.0

10.90 6.6

12.00 12.0

8.10 39.4

9.30

7.2

9.70

12.4

11.00 8.2

12.10 16.0

8.20 37.6

9.40

12.4

9.80

15.2

11.10 10.2

12.20 20.4

8.30 35.4

9.50

17.6

9.90

18.2

11.20 12.6

12.30 25.6

8.40 33.2

9.60

22.2

10.00 21.4

11.30 15.2

12.40 32.4

8.50 30.4

9.70

26.2

10.10 24.4

11.40 18.2

12.50 40.8

8.60 27.0

9.80

30.0

10.20 27.6

11.50 22.2

12.60 51.2

8.70 23.2

9.90

33.4

10.30 30.4

11.60 27.0

12.70 64.4

8.80 19.2

10.00 36.6

10.40 33.0

11.70 32.4

12.80 82.4

8.90 14.2

10.10 39.0

10.50 35.6

11.80 38.8

12.90 106.0

9.00 9.2

10.20 41.0

10.60 38.2

11.90 46.0

13.00 132.0

9.10 4.0

10.30 42.6

10.70 40.4

12.00 53.8

10.40 44.2

10.80 42.4

10.50 45.4

10.90 44.0

10.60 46.6

11.00 45.4

10.70 47.6
10.80 48.5

Acetate buffer solutions pH 3 - 6

Make up the following solutions

(1) 0.1M acetic acid
(2) 0.1M sodium acetate (tri-hydrate) (13.6g / l)
Mix in the following proportions to get the required ph

ph

vol. of 0.1M
acetic acid

vol. of 0.1M
sodium acetate

982.3 mls

17.7 mls

847.0 mls

153.0 mls

357.0 mls

643.0 mls

52.2 mls

947.8 mls

Phosphate buffer solutions ph 7 - 11

Make up the following solutions

(1) 0.1M disodium hydrogen phosphate (14.2g / l)
(2) 0.1M HCl
(3) 0.1M NaOH
Mix in the following proportions to get the required ph
ph vol. of phosphate

vol. of 0.1M HCl

756.0 mls

244 mls

955.1 mls

44.9 mls
45.0 mls

955.0 mls

10

966.4 mls

11

965.3 mls

vol. of 0.1M NaOH

Addition of acid or base to a salt pH 3 - 11

Here, the primary salt is a solid and is weighed out in grams. A measured amount of
0.1M HCl or NaOH is added,
then made up to 1 liter to give the relevant buffer solution 4.
pH

Salt mixture
Dilute each mixture to 1 liter solution with distilled water

10.21g potassium hydrogen phthalate and 223ml of 0.10M HCl

10.21g potassium hydrogen phthalate and 1ml of 0.10M HCl

10.21g potassium hydrogen phthalate and 226ml of 0.10M NaOH

6.81g potassium dihydrogen phOsphate and 56ml of 0.10M NaOH

6.81g potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 291ml of 0.10M NaOH

6.81g potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 467ml of 0.10M NaOH

4.77g sodium tetraborate and 46ml of 0.10M HCl

10 4.77g sodium tetraborate and 183ml of 0.10M NaOH

11 2.10g sodium bicarbonate and 227ml of 0.10M NaOH