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B
r
5
Vector Components
Example: from the horizontal. Find its
components.
r
r
i r r
x
cos =
r
j r r
y
sin =
r
o
30 @ m 0 . 5 = r
r
( )
i r
i r
x
x
m 3 . 4
30 cos m 0 . 5
o
=
=
r
r
( )
j r
j r
y
y
m 5 . 2
30 sin m 0 . 5
o
=
=
r
r
Any vector can be broken down into components along
the x and y axes.
y x
r r r
r r r
+ =
Vector Addition by Components
You can add two vectors by adding the components of
the vector along each direction. Note that you can only
add components which lie along the same direction.
j s m i s m B A
j s m i s m B
j s m i s m A
7 . 7
7 . 4
2 . 5
5 . 1
5 . 2
2 . 3
+ = +
+ = +
+ =
r r
r
r
s m 4 . 12 = + B A
r r
Never add the x-component
and the y-component
6
Unit Vectors
Unit vectors have a magnitude of 1.
They only give the direction.
i
x
y
z
A displacement of 5 m in
the x-direction is written as
i d
m 5 =
r
The magnitude is 5m.
The direction is the -direction.
Finding the Magnitude and Direction
r
r
x
r
r
y
r
r
2 2
y x
r r r + =
x
y
r
r
= tan
=
x
y
r
r
1
tan
Pythagorean Theorem
7
Vector Multiplication I: The Dot Product
The result of a dot product of two vectors is a scalar!
cos AB B A =
r r
A
r
B
r
1
1
1
=
=
=
k k
j j
i i
0
0
=
=
=
k i
k j
j i
Vector Multiplication I: The Dot Product
( )N
2 k j i F + =
r
( )m
3 k j i s =
r
= s F
r
r
m N ) 3 ( 2 m N ) 4 ( 3 + m N ) 6 )( 2 ( +
m N 6 = s F
r
r
8
Vector Multiplication II: The Cross Product
sin AB B A =
r r
A
r
B
r
0
0
0
=
=
=
k k
j j
i i
j i k
i k j
k j i
=
=
=
The result of a cross product of two vectors is a new vector!
C
r
Vector Multiplication II: The Cross Product
( ) ( ) ( ) B q v B v q B v q
r
r
r
r
r
r
= =
A
r
B
r
C
r
( ) ( ) B A A B C
r r r r r
= =
A C
r r
B C
r r
9
Vector Multiplication II: The Cross Product
( )N
2 k j i F + =
r
( )m
3 k j i r =
r
( ) F r
r
r v
=
( )( )( ) ( )( )( ) ( )( )( ) k i j i i i
m 6 N 2
m 4 N 2
m 3 N 2 + + =
v
( )( )( ) ( )( )( ) ( )( )( ) k j j j i j
m 6 N 3
m 4 N 3
m 3 N 3 + + +
( )( )( ) ( )( )( ) ( )( )( ) k k j k i k
m 6 N 2
m 4 N 2
m 3 N 2 + + +
( ) m N
17
26 + = k j i
v
Vector Multiplication II: The Cross Product
( )N
2 k j i F + =
r
( )m
3 k j i r =
r
( ) F r
r
r v
=
( ) m N
17
26 + = k j i
v
=
v
( ) ( )( ) ( )i
6 3 2 4
( ) ( )( ) ( ) j
2 3 2 6 +
2 3
6 4
j
2 2
3 6
k
3 2
4 3
i
( ) ( )( ) ( )k
4 2 3 3 +
10
Vector Multiplication II: Right Hand Rule
Index finger in the direction of the
first vector.
Middle finger in the direction of the
second vector
Thumb points in the direction of the
cross product.
WARNING: Make sure you
are using your right hand!!!