A STUDY REPORT

ON
"A STUDY ON DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
IN REFERENCE TO LUCKNOW"
Submitted by :
Ashutosh Srivastava
Ro No! : ""#$%R$&'('D
Submitted to:
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF %UMAN RI)%TS
*&'((+(#,
PROTECTION OF WOMEN FROM DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ACT- &''.
1. Short title, extent and commencement.
PROTECTION OF WOMEN FROM DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ACT-
&''.
(
/No! 0# OF &''.1
[September 13, 2005]
An Act to provide for more effective protection of the rights of women
guaranteed under the Constitution who are victims of vioence of an! "ind
occurring within the fami! and for matters connected therewith or incidenta
thereto
#e it enacted b! $ariament in the %ift!&si'th (ear of the )epubic of *ndia as
foows+&
$refator! ,ote&Statement of -b.ects and )easons/&0omestic vioence is
undoubted! a human right issue and serious deterrent to deveopment/ 1he
2ienna Accord of 1334 and the #ei.ing 0ecaration and the $atform for Action
513356 have ac"nowedged this/ 1he 7nited ,ations Committee on Convention
on 8imination of A %orms of 0iscrimination Against 9omen 5C80A96 in its
:enera )ecommendation ,o/ ;** 513<36 has recommended that State parties
shoud act to protect women against vioence of an! "ind especia! that
occurring within the fami!/
2/ 1he phenomenon of domestic vioence is wide! prevaent but has remained
arge! invisibe in the pubic domain/ $resent!, where a woman is sub.ected to
cruet! b! her husband or his reatives, it is an offence under Section 43<&A of
the *ndian $ena Code/ 1he civi aw does not however address this
phenomenon in its entiret!/
3/ *t is, therefore, proposed to enact a aw "eeping in view the rights guaranteed
under Artices 14, 15 and 21 of the Constitution to provide for a remed! under
the civi aw which is intended to protect the women from being victims of
domestic vioence and to prevent the occurrence of domestic vioence in the
societ!/
4/ 1he #i, inter aia, see"s to provide for the foowing+&
5i6 *t covers those women who are or have been in a reationship with the abuser
where both parties have ived together in a shared househod and are reated b!
consanguinit!, marriage or through a reationship in the nature of marriage or
adoption/ *n addition, reationships with fami! members iving together as a
.oint fami! are aso incuded/ 8ven those women who are sisters, widows,
mothers, singe women, or iving with the abuser are entited to ega protection
under the proposed egisation/ =owever, whereas the #i enabes the wife or
the femae iving in a reationship in the nature of marriage to fie a compaint
under the proposed enactment against an! reative of the husband or the mae
partner, it does not enabe an! femae reative of the husband or the mae partner
to fie a compaint against the wife or the femae partner/
5ii6 *t defines the e'pression >domestic vioence? to incude actua abuse or
threat or abuse that is ph!sica, se'ua, verba, emotiona or economic/
=arassment b! wa! of unawfu dowr! demands to the woman or her reatives
woud aso be covered under this definition/
5iii6 *t provides for the rights of women to secure housing/ *t aso provides for
the right of a woman to reside in her matrimonia home or shared househod,
whether or not she has an! tite or rights in such home or househod/ 1his right
is secured b! a residence order, which is passed b! the @agistrate/
5iv6 *t empowers the @agistrate to pass protection orders in favour of the
aggrieved person to prevent the respondent from aiding or committing an act of
domestic vioence or an! other specified act, entering a wor"pace or an! other
pace freAuented b! the aggrieved person, attempting to communicate with her,
isoating an! assets used b! both the parties and causing vioence to the
aggrieved person, her reatives or others who provide her assistance from the
domestic vioence/
5v6 *t provides for appointment of $rotection -fficers and registration of non&
governmenta organisations as service providers for providing assistance to the
aggrieved person with respect to her medica e'amination, obtaining ega aid,
safe sheter, etc/
5/ 1he #i see"s to achieve the above ob.ects/ 1he notes on causes e'pain the
various provisions contained in the #i/
BBBBBBC
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:ubi64ed i7 t4e )5;ette o8 I7di5 E<t95- P59t II- 6e2tio7 ( d5ted (0t4
Se:tembe9 &''.- ::! (+(&- No! 0=
516 1his Act ma! be caed the $rotection of 9omen from 0omestic 2ioence
Act, 2005/
526 *t e'tends to the whoe of *ndia e'cept the State of Dammu and Eashmir/
536 *t sha come into force on such date1 as the Centra :overnment ma!, b!
notification in the -fficia :aFette, appoint/
2. Definitions.
*n this Act, uness the conte't otherwise reAuires,B
5a6 >aggrieved person? means an! woman who is, or has been, in a domestic
reationship with the respondent and who aeges to have been sub.ected to an!
act of domestic vioence b! the respondentG
5b6 >chid? means an! person beow the age of eighteen !ears and incudes an!
adopted, step or foster chidG
5c6 >compensation order? means an order granted in terms of section 22G
5d6 >custod! order? means an order granted in terms of section 21G
5e6 >domestic incident report? means a report made in the prescribed form on
receipt of a compaint of domestic vioence from an aggrieved personG
5f6 >domestic reationship? means a reationship between two persons who ive
or have, at an! point of time, ived together in a shared househod, when the!
are reated b! consanguinit!, marriage, or through a reationship in the nature of
marriage, adoption or are fami! members iving together as a .oint fami!G
5g6 >domestic vioence? has the same meaning as assigned to it in section 3G
5h6 >dowr!? sha have the same meaning as assigned to it in section 2 of the
0owr! $rohibition Act, 13H1 52< of 13H16G
5i6 >@agistrate? means the Dudicia @agistrate of the first cass, or as the case
ma! be, the @etropoitan @agistrate, e'ercising .urisdiction under the Code of
Crimina $rocedure, 13I3 52 of 13I46 in the area where the aggrieved person
resides temporari! or otherwise or the respondent resides or the domestic
vioence is aeged to have ta"en paceG
5.6 >medica faciit!? means such faciit! as ma! be notified b! the State
:overnment to be a medica faciit! for the purposes of this ActG
5"6 >monetar! reief? means the compensation which the @agistrate ma! order
the respondent to pa! to the aggrieved person, at an! stage during the hearing of
an appication see"ing an! reief under this Act, to meet the e'penses incurred
and the osses suffered b! the aggrieved person as a resut of the domestic
vioenceG
56 >notification? means a notification pubished in the -fficia :aFette and the
e'pression >notified? sha be construed according!G
5m6 >prescribed? means prescribed b! rues made under this ActG
5n6 >$rotection -fficer? means an officer appointed b! the State :overnment
under sub&section 516 of section <G
5o6 >protection order? means an order made in terms of section 1<G
5p6 >residence order? means an order granted in terms of sub&section 516 of
section 13G
5A6 >respondent? means an! adut mae person who is, or has been, in a
domestic reationship with the aggrieved person and against whom the
aggrieved person has sought an! reief under this Act+
$rovided that an aggrieved wife or femae iving in a reationship in the nature
of a marriage ma! aso fie a compaint against a reative of the husband or the
mae partner/
5r6 >service provider? means an entit! registered under sub&section 516 of
section 10G
5s6 >shared househod? means a househod where the person aggrieved ives or
at an! stage has ived in a domestic reationship either sing! or aong with the
respondent and incudes such a househod whether owned or tenanted either
.oint! b! the aggrieved person and the respondent, or owned or tenanted b!
either of them in respect of which either the aggrieved person or the respondent
or both .oint! or sing! have an! right, tite, interest or eAuit! and incudes such
a househod which ma! beong to the .oint fami! of which the respondent is a
member, irrespective of whether the respondent or the aggrieved person has an!
right, tite or interest in the shared househod/
5t6 >sheter home? means an! sheter home as ma! be notified b! the State
:overnment to be a sheter home for the purposes of this Act/
3. Definition of domestic violence.
%or the purposes of this Act, an! act, omission or commission or conduct of the
respondent sha constitute domestic vioence in case itB
5a6 harms or in.ures or endangers the heath, safet!, ife, imb or we&being,
whether menta or ph!sica, of the aggrieved person or tends to do so and
incudes causing ph!sica abuse, se'ua abuse, verba and emotiona abuse and
economic abuseG or
5b6 harasses, harms, in.ures or endangers the aggrieved person with a view to
coerce her or an! other person reated to her to meet an! unawfu demand for
an! dowr! or other propert! or vauabe securit!G or
5c6 has the effect of threatening the aggrieved person or an! person reated to
her b! an! conduct mentioned in cause 5a6 or cause 5b6G or
5d6 otherwise in.ures or causes harm, whether ph!sica or menta, to the
aggrieved person/
E<:575tio7 I!B%or the purposes of this section,B
5i6 >ph!sica abuse? means an! act or conduct which is of such a nature as to
cause bodi! pain, harm, or danger to ife, imb, or heath or impair the heath or
deveopment of the aggrieved person and incudes assaut, crimina intimidation
and crimina forceG
5ii6 >se'ua abuse? incudes an! conduct of a se'ua nature that abuses,
humiiates, degrades or otherwise vioates the dignit! of womanG
5iii6 >verba and emotiona abuse? incudesB
5a6 insuts, ridicue, humiiation, name caing and insuts or ridicue specia!
with regard to not having a chid or a mae chidG and
5b6 repeated threats to cause ph!sica pain to an! person in whom the aggrieved
person is interested/
5iv6 >economic abuse? incudesB
5a6 deprivation of a or an! economic or financia resources to which the
aggrieved person is entited under an! aw or custom whether pa!abe under an
order of a court or otherwise or which the aggrieved person reAuires out of
necessit! incuding, but not imited to, househod necessities for the aggrieved
person and her chidren, if an!, stridhan, propert!, .oint! or separate! owned
b! the aggrieved person, pa!ment of renta reated to the shared househod and
maintenanceG
5b6 disposa of househod effects, an! aienation of assets whether movabe or
immovabe, vauabes, shares, securities, bonds and the i"e or other propert! in
which the aggrieved person has an interest or is entited to use b! virtue of the
domestic reationship or which ma! be reasonab! reAuired b! the aggrieved
person or her chidren or her stridhan or an! other propert! .oint! or separate!
hed b! the aggrieved personG and
5c6 prohibition or restriction to continued access to resources or faciities which
the aggrieved person is entited to use or en.o! b! virtue of the domestic
reationship incuding access to the shared househod/
E<:575tio7 II!B%or the purpose of determining whether an! act, omission,
commission or conduct of the respondent constitutes >domestic vioence? under
this section, the overa facts and circumstances of the case sha be ta"en into
consideration/
4. Information to Protection Officer and exclusion of liabilit of informant.

516 An! person who has reason to beieve that an act of domestic vioence has
been, or is being, or is i"e! to be committed, ma! give information about it to
the concerned $rotection -fficer/
526 ,o iabiit!, civi or crimina, sha be incurred b! an! person for giving in
good faith of information for the purpose of sub&section 516/
!. Duties of "olice officers, service "roviders and #a$istrate.
A poice officer, $rotection -fficer, service provider or @agistrate who has
received a compaint of domestic vioence or is otherwise present at the pace of
an incident of domestic vioence or when the incident of domestic vioence is
reported to him, sha inform the aggrieved personB
5a6 of her right to ma"e an appication for obtaining a reief b! wa! of a
protection order, an order for monetar! reief, a custod! order, a residence order,
a compensation order or more than one such order under this ActG
5b6 of the avaiabiit! of services of service providersG
5c6 of the avaiabiit! of services of the $rotection -fficersG
5d6 of her right to free ega services under the Jega Services Authorities Act,
13<I 533 of 13<I6G
5e6 of her right to fie a compaint under section 43<A of the *ndian $ena Code
545 of 1<H06, wherever reevant+
$rovided that nothing in this Act sha be construed in an! manner as to reieve
a poice officer from his dut! to proceed in accordance with aw upon receipt of
information as to the commission of a cogniFabe offence/
%. Duties of shelter homes.
*f an aggrieved person or on her behaf a $rotection -fficer or a service
provider reAuests the person in charge of a sheter home to provide sheter to
her, such person in charge of the sheter home sha provide sheter to the
aggrieved person in the sheter home/
&. Duties of medical facilities.
*f an aggrieved person or, on her behaf a $rotection -fficer or a service
provider reAuests the person in charge of a medica faciit! to provide an!
medica aid to her, such person in charge of the medica faciit! sha provide
medica aid to the aggrieved person in the medica faciit!/
'. (""ointment of Protection Officers.
516 1he State :overnment sha, b! notification, appoint such number of
$rotection -fficers in each district as it ma! consider necessar! and sha aso
notif! the area or areas within which a $rotection -fficer sha e'ercise the
powers and perform the duties conferred on him b! or under this Act/
526 1he $rotection -fficers sha as far as possibe be women and sha possess
such Auaifications and e'perience as ma! be prescribed/
536 1he terms and conditions of service of the $rotection -fficer and the other
officers subordinate to him sha be such as ma! be prescribed/
). Duties and functions of Protection Officers.
516 *t sha be the dut! of the $rotection -fficerB
5a6 to assist the @agistrate in the discharge of his functions under this ActG
5b6 to ma"e a domestic incident report to the @agistrate, in such form and in
such manner as ma! be prescribed, upon receipt of a compaint of domestic
vioence and forward copies thereof to the poice officer in charge of the poice
station within the oca imits of whose .urisdiction domestic vioence is aeged
to have been committed and to the service providers in that areaG
5c6 to ma"e an appication in such form and in such manner as ma! be
prescribed to the @agistrate, if the aggrieved person so desires, caiming reief
for issuance of a protection orderG
5d6 to ensure that the aggrieved person is provided ega aid under the Jega
Services Authorities Act, 13<I 533 of 13<I6 and ma"e avaiabe free of cost the
prescribed form in which a compaint is to be madeG
5e6 to maintain a ist of a service providers providing ega aid or counseing,
sheter homes and medica faciities in a oca area within the .urisdiction of the
@agistrateG
5f6 to ma"e avaiabe a safe sheter home, if the aggrieved person so reAuires
and forward a cop! of his report of having odged the aggrieved person in a
sheter home to the poice station and the @agistrate having .urisdiction in the
area where the sheter home is situatedG
5g6 to get the aggrieved person medica! e'amined, if she has sustained bodi!
in.uries and forward a cop! of the medica report to the poice station and the
@agistrate having .urisdiction in the area where the domestic vioence is aeged
to have been ta"en paceG
5h6 to ensure that the order for monetar! reief under section 20 is compied
with and e'ecuted, in accordance with the procedure prescribed under the Code
of Crimina $rocedure, 13I3 52 of 13I46G
5i6 to perform such other duties as ma! be prescribed/
526 1he $rotection -fficer sha be under the contro and supervision of the
@agistrate, and sha perform the duties imposed on him b! the @agistrate and
the :overnment b!, or under, this Act/
1*. Service Providers.
516 Sub.ect to such rues as ma! be made in this behaf, an! vountar!
association registered under the Societies )egistration Act, 1<H0 521 of 1<H06 or
a compan! registered under the Companies Act, 135H 51 of 135H6 or an! other
aw for the time being in force with the ob.ective of protecting the rights and
interests of women b! an! awfu means incuding providing of ega aid,
medica, financia or other assistance sha register itsef with the State
:overnment as a service provider for the purposes of this Act/
526 A service provider registered under sub&section 516 sha have the power to
B
5a6 record the domestic incident report in the prescribed form if the aggrieved
person so desires and forward a cop! thereof to the @agistrate and the
$rotection -fficer having .urisdiction in the area where the domestic vioence
too" paceG
5b6 get the aggrieved person medica! e'amined and forward a cop! of the
medica report to the $rotection -fficer and the poice station within the oca
imits of which the domestic vioence too" paceG
5c6 ensure that the aggrieved person is provided sheter in a sheter home, if she
so reAuires and forward a report of the odging of the aggrieved person in the
sheter home to the poice station within the oca imits of which the domestic
vioence too" pace/
536 ,o suit, prosecution or other ega proceeding sha ie against an! service
provider or an! member of the service provider who is, or who is deemed to be,
acting or purporting to act under this Act, for an!thing which is in good faith
done or intended to be done in the e'ercise of powers or discharge of functions
under this Act towards the prevention of the commission of domestic vioence/
11. Duties of +overnment.
1he Centra :overnment and ever! State :overnment, sha ta"e a measures to
ensure thatB
5a6 the provisions of this Act are given wide pubicit! through pubic media
incuding the teevision, radio and the print media at reguar intervasG
5b6 the Centra :overnment and State :overnment officers incuding the poice
officers and the members of the .udicia services are given periodic sensitiFation
and awareness training on the issues addressed b! this ActG
5c6 effective co&ordination between the services provided b! concerned
@inistries and 0epartments deaing with aw, home affairs incuding aw and
order, heath and human resources to address issues of domestic vioence is
estabished and periodica review of the same is conductedG
5d6 protocos for the various @inistries concerned with the deiver! of services
to women under this Act incuding the courts are prepared and put in pace/
12. (""lication to #a$istrate.
516 An aggrieved person or a $rotection -fficer or an! other person on behaf of
the aggrieved person ma! present an appication to the @agistrate see"ing one
or more reiefs under this Act+
$rovided that before passing an! order on such appication, the @agistrate sha
ta"e into consideration an! domestic incident report received b! him from the
$rotection -fficer or the service provider/
526 1he reief sought for under sub&section 516 ma! incude a reief for issuance
of an order for pa!ment of compensation or damages without pre.udice to the
right of such person to institute a suit for compensation or damages for the
in.uries caused b! the acts of domestic vioence committed b! the respondent+
$rovided that where a decree for an! amount as compensation or damages has
been passed b! an! court in favour of the aggrieved person, the amount, if an!,
paid or pa!abe in pursuance of the order made b! the @agistrate under this Act
sha be set off against the amount pa!abe under such decree and the decree
sha, notwithstanding an!thing contained in the Code of Civi $rocedure, 130<
55 of 130<6, or an! other aw for the time being in force, be e'ecutabe for the
baance amount, if an!, eft after such set off/
536 8ver! appication under sub&section 516 sha be in such form and contain
such particuars as ma! be prescribed or as near! as possibe thereto/
546 1he @agistrate sha fi' the first date of hearing, which sha not ordinari!
be be!ond three da!s from the date of receipt of the appication b! the court/
556 1he @agistrate sha endeavour to dispose of ever! appication made under
sub&section 516 within a period of si't! da!s from the date of its first hearing/
13. Service of notice.
516 A notice of the date of hearing fi'ed under section 12 sha be given b! the
@agistrate to the $rotection -fficer, who sha get it served b! such means as
ma! be prescribed on the respondent, and on an! other person, as directed b!
the @agistrate within a ma'imum period of two da!s or such further reasonabe
time as ma! be aowed b! the @agistrate from the date of its receipt/
526 A decaration of service of notice made b! the $rotection -fficer in such
form as ma! be prescribed sha be the proof that such notice was served upon
the respondent and on an! other person as directed b! the @agistrate uness the
contrar! is proved/
14. ,ounselin$.
516 1he @agistrate ma!, at an! stage of the proceedings under this Act, direct
the respondent or the aggrieved person, either sing! or .oint!, to undergo
counseing with an! member of a service provider who possess such
Auaifications and e'perience in counseing as ma! be prescribed/
526 9here the @agistrate has issued an! direction under sub&section 516, he sha
fi' the ne't date of hearing of the case within a period not e'ceeding two
months/
1!. (ssistance of -elfare ex"ert.
*n an! proceeding under this Act, the @agistrate ma! secure the services of such
person, preferab! a woman, whether reated to the aggrieved person or not,
incuding a person engaged in promoting fami! wefare as he thin"s fit, for the
purpose of assisting him in discharging his functions/
1%. Proceedin$s to be held in camera.
*f the @agistrate considers that the circumstances of the case so warrant, and if
either part! to the proceedings so desires, he ma! conduct the proceedings
under this Act in camera/
1&. .i$ht to reside in a shared household.
516 ,otwithstanding an!thing contained in an! other aw for the time being in
force, ever! woman in a domestic reationship sha have the right to reside in
the shared househod, whether or not she has an! right, tite or beneficia
interest in the same/
526 1he aggrieved person sha not be evicted or e'cuded from the shared
househod or an! part of it b! the respondent save in accordance with the
procedure estabished b! aw/
1'. Protection orders.
1he @agistrate ma!, after giving the aggrieved person and the respondent an
opportunit! of being heard and on being prima facie satisfied that domestic
vioence has ta"en pace or is i"e! to ta"e pace, pass a protection order in
favour of the aggrieved person and prohibit the respondent fromB
5a6 committing an! act of domestic vioenceG
5b6 aiding or abetting in the commission of acts of domestic vioenceG
5c6 entering the pace of empo!ment of the aggrieved person or, if the person
aggrieved is a chid, its schoo or an! other pace freAuented b! the aggrieved
personG
5d6 attempting to communicate in an! form, whatsoever, with the aggrieved
person, incuding persona, ora or written or eectronic or teephonic contactG
5e6 aienating an! assets, operating ban" oc"ers or ban" accounts used or hed
or en.o!ed b! both the parties, .oint! b! the aggrieved person and the
respondent or sing! b! the respondent, incuding her stridhan or an! other
propert! hed either .oint! b! the parties or separate! b! them without the
eave of the @agistrateG
5f6 causing vioence to the dependants, other reatives or an! person who give
the aggrieved person assistance from domestic vioenceG
5g6 committing an! other act as specified in the protection order/
1). .esidence orders.
516 9hie disposing of an appication under sub&section 516 of section 12, the
@agistrate ma!, on being satisfied that domestic vioence has ta"en pace, pass
a residence orderB
5a6 restraining the respondent from dispossessing or in an! other manner
disturbing the possession of the aggrieved person from the shared househod,
whether or not the respondent has a ega or eAuitabe interest in the shared
househodG
5b6 directing the respondent to remove himsef from the shared househodG
5c6 restraining the respondent or an! of his reatives from entering an! portion
of the shared househod in which the aggrieved person residesG
5d6 restraining the respondent from aienating or disposing of the shared
househod or encumbering the sameG
5e6 restraining the respondent from renouncing his rights in the shared
househod e'cept with the eave of the @agistrateG or
5f6 directing the respondent to secure same eve of aternate accommodation
for the aggrieved person as en.o!ed b! her in the shared househod or to pa!
rent for the same, if the circumstances so reAuire+
$rovided that no order under cause 5b6 sha be passed against an! person who
is a woman/
526 1he @agistrate ma! impose an! additiona conditions or pass an! other
direction which he ma! deem reasonab! necessar! to protect or to provide for
the safet! of the aggrieved person or an! chid of such aggrieved person/
536 1he @agistrate ma! reAuire from the respondent to e'ecute a bond, with or
without sureties, for preventing the commission of domestic vioence/
546 An order under sub&section 536 sha be deemed to be an order under
Chapter 2*** of the Code of Crimina $rocedure, 13I3 52 of 13I46 and sha be
deat with according!/
556 9hie passing an order under sub&section 516, sub&section 526 or sub&section
536, the court ma! aso pass an order directing the officer&in&charge of the
nearest poice station to give protection to the aggrieved person or to assist her
or the person ma"ing an appication on her behaf in the impementation of the
order/
5H6 9hie ma"ing an order under sub&section 516, the @agistrate ma! impose
on the respondent obigations reating to the discharge of rent and other
pa!ments, having regard to the financia needs and resources of the parties/
5I6 1he @agistrate ma! direct the officer&in&charge of the poice station in
whose .urisdiction the @agistrate has been approached to assist in the
impementation of the protection order/
5<6 1he @agistrate ma! direct the respondent to return to the possession of the
aggrieved person her stridhan or an! other propert! or vauabe securit! to
which she is entited to/
2*. #onetar reliefs.
516 9hie disposing of an appication under sub&section 516 of section 12, the
@agistrate ma! direct the respondent to pa! monetar! reief to meet the
e'penses incurred and osses suffered b! the aggrieved person and an! chid of
the aggrieved person as a resut of the domestic vioence and such reief ma!
incude but is not imited toB
5a6 the oss of earningsG
5b6 the medica e'pensesG
5c6 the oss caused due to the destruction, damage or remova of an! propert!
from the contro of the aggrieved personG and
5d6 the maintenance for the aggrieved person as we as her chidren, if an!,
incuding an order under or in addition to an order of maintenance under section
125 of the Code of Crimina $rocedure, 13I3 52 of 13I46 or an! other aw for
the time being in force/
526 1he monetar! reief granted under this section sha be adeAuate, fair and
reasonabe and consistent with the standard of iving to which the aggrieved
person is accustomed/
536 1he @agistrate sha have the power to order an appropriate ump sum
pa!ment or month! pa!ments of maintenance, as the nature and circumstances
of the case ma! reAuire/
546 1he @agistrate sha send a cop! of the order for monetar! reief made
under sub&section 516 to the parties to the appication and to the in&charge of the
poice station within the oca imits of whose .urisdiction the respondent
resides/
556 1he respondent sha pa! the monetar! reief granted to the aggrieved
person within the period specified in the order under sub&section 516/
5H6 7pon the faiure on the part of the respondent to ma"e pa!ment in terms of
the order under sub&section 516, the @agistrate ma! direct the empo!er or a
debtor of the respondent, to direct! pa! to the aggrieved person or to deposit
with the court a portion of the wages or saaries or debt due to or accrued to the
credit of the respondent, which amount ma! be ad.usted towards the monetar!
reief pa!abe b! the respondent/
21. ,ustod orders.
,otwithstanding an!thing contained in an! other aw for the time being in
force, the @agistrate ma!, at an! stage of hearing of the appication for
protection order or for an! other reief under this Act grant temporar! custod!
of an! chid or chidren to the aggrieved person or the person ma"ing an
appication on her behaf and specif!, if necessar!, the arrangements for visit of
such chid or chidren b! the respondent+
$rovided that if the @agistrate is of the opinion that an! visit of the respondent
ma! be harmfu to the interests of the chid or chidren, the @agistrate sha
refuse to aow such visit/
22. ,om"ensation orders.
*n addition to other reiefs as ma! be granted under this Act, the @agistrate ma!
on an appication being made b! the aggrieved person, pass an order directing
the respondent to pa! compensation and damages for the in.uries, incuding
menta torture and emotiona distress, caused b! the acts of domestic vioence
committed b! that respondent/
23. Po-er to $rant interim and ex "arte orders.
516 *n an! proceeding before him under this Act, the @agistrate ma! pass such
interim order as he deems .ust and proper/
526 *f the @agistrate is satisfied that an appication prima facie discoses that the
respondent is committing, or has committed an act of domestic vioence or that
there is a i"eihood that the respondent ma! commit an act of domestic
vioence, he ma! grant an e' parte order on the basis of the affidavit in such
form, as ma! be prescribed, of the aggrieved person under section 1<, section
13, section 20, section 21 or, as the case ma! be, section 22 against the
respondent/
24. ,ourt to $ive co"ies of order free of cost.
1he @agistrate sha, in a cases where he has passed an! order under this Act,
order that a cop! of such order, sha be given free of cost, to the parties to the
appication, the poice officer&in&charge of the poice station in the .urisdiction
of which the @agistrate has been approached, and an! service provider ocated
within the oca imits of the .urisdiction of the court and if an! service provider
has registered a domestic incident report, to that service provider/
2!. Duration and alteration of orders.
516 A protection order made under section 1< sha be in force ti the aggrieved
person appies for discharge/
526 *f the @agistrate, on receipt of an appication from the aggrieved person or
the respondent, is satisfied that there is a change in the circumstances reAuiring
ateration, modification or revocation of an! order made under this Act, he ma!,
for reasons to be recorded in writing pass such order, as he ma! deem
appropriate/
2%. .elief in other suits and le$al "roceedin$s.
516 An! reief avaiabe under sections 1<, 13, 20, 21 and 22 ma! aso be sought
in an! ega proceeding, before a civi court, fami! court or a crimina court,
affecting the aggrieved person and the respondent whether such proceeding was
initiated before or after the commencement of this Act/
526 An! reief referred to in sub&section 516 ma! be sought for in addition to and
aong with an! other reief that the aggrieved person ma! see" in such suit or
ega proceeding before a civi or crimina court/
536 *n case an! reief has been obtained b! the aggrieved person in an!
proceedings other than a proceeding under this Act, she sha be bound to
inform the @agistrate of the grant of such reief/
2&. /urisdiction.
516 1he court of Dudicia @agistrate of the first cass or the @etropoitan
@agistrate, as the case ma! be, within the oca imits of whichB
5a6 the person aggrieved permanent! or temporari! resides or carries on
business or is empo!edG or
5b6 the respondent resides or carries on business or is empo!edG or
5c6 the cause of action has arisen,
sha be the competent court to grant a protection order and other orders under
this Act and to tr! offences under this Act/
526 An! order made this Act sha be enforceabe throughout *ndia/
Section 2' 0 Procedure.
516 Save as otherwise provided in this Act, a proceedings under sections 12,
1<, 13, 20, 21, 22 and 23 and offences under section 31 sha be governed b! the
provisions of the Code of Crimina $rocedure, 13I3 52 of 13I46/
526 ,othing in sub&section 516 sha prevent the court from a!ing down its own
procedure for disposa of an appication under section 12 or under sub&section
526 of section 23/
2)1 (""eal.
1here sha ie an appea to the Court of Session within thirt! da!s from the date
on which the order made b! the @agistrate is served on the aggrieved person or
the respondent, as the case ma! be, whichever is ater/
3*. Protection Officers and members of service "roviders to be "ublic
servants.
1he $rotection -fficers and members of service providers, whie acting or
purporting to act in pursuance of an! of the provisions of this Act or an! rues or
orders made thereunder sha be deemed to be pubic servants within the
meaning of section 21 of the *ndian $ena Code 545 of 1<H06/
31. Penalt for breach of "rotection order b res"ondent.
516 A breach of protection order, or of an interim protection order, b! the
respondent sha be an offence under this Act and sha be punishabe with
imprisonment of either description for a term which ma! e'tend to one !ear, or
with fine which ma! e'tend to twent! thousand rupees, or with both/
526 1he offence under sub&section 516 sha as far as practicabe be tried b! the
@agistrate who had passed the order, the breach of which has been aeged to
have been caused b! the accused/
536 9hie framing charges under sub&section 516, the @agistrates ma! aso
frame charges under section 43<A of the *ndian $ena Code 545 of 1<H06 or an!
other provision of that Code or the 0owr! $rohibition Act, 13H1 52< of 13H16,
as the case ma! be, if the facts discose the commission of an offence under
those provisions/
32. ,o$ni2ance and "roof.
516 ,otwithstanding an!thing contained in the Code of Crimina $rocedure,
13I3 52 of 13I46, the offence under sub&section 516 of section 31 sha be
cogniFabe and non&baiabe/
526 7pon the soe testimon! of the aggrieved person, the court ma! concude
that an offence under sub&section 516 of section 31 has been committed b! the
accused/
33. Penalt for not dischar$in$ dut b Protection Officer.
*f an! $rotection -fficer fais or refuses to discharges his duties as directed b!
the @agistrate in the protection order without an! sufficient cause, he sha be
punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which ma! e'tend
to one !ear, or with fine which ma! e'tend to twent! thousand rupees, or with
both/
34. ,o$ni2ance of offence committed b Protection Officer.
,o prosecution or other ega proceeding sha ie against the $rotection -fficer
uness a compaint is fied with the previous sanction of the State :overnment
or an officer authorised b! it in this behaf/
3!. Protection of action ta3en in $ood faith.
,o suit, prosecution or other ega proceeding sha ie against the $rotection
-fficer for an! damage caused or i"e! to be caused b! an!thing which is in
good faith done or intended to be done under this Act or an! rue or order made
thereunder/
3%. (ct not in dero$ation of an other la-.
1he provisions of this Act sha be in addition to, and not in derogation of the
provisions of an! other aw, for the time being in force/
3&. Po-er of ,entral +overnment to ma3e rules.
516 1he Centra :overnment ma!, b! notification, ma"e rues for carr!ing out
the provisions of this Act/
526 *n particuar, and without pre.udice to the generait! of the foregoing power,
such rues ma! provide for a or an! of the foowing matters, name!+B
5a6 the Auaifications and e'perience which a $rotection -fficer sha possess
under sub&section 526 of section <G
5b6 the terms and conditions of service of the $rotection -fficers and the other
officers subordinate to him, under sub&section 536 of section <G
5c6 the form and manner in which a domestic incident report ma! be made under
cause 5b6 of sub&section 516 of section 3G
5d6 the form and the manner in which an appication for protection order ma!
be made to the @agistrate under cause 5c6 of sub&section 516 of section 3G
5e6 the form in which a compaint is to be fied under cause 5d6 of sub&section
516 of section 3G
5f6 the other duties to be performed b! the $rotection -fficer under cause of
sub&section 516 of section 3G
5g6 the rues reguating registration of service providers under sub&section 516 of
section 10G
5h6 the form in which an appication under sub&section 516 of section 12 see"ing
reiefs under this Act ma! be made and the particuars which such appication
sha contain under sub&section 536 of that sectionG
5i6 the means of serving notices under sub&section 516 of section 13G
5.6 the form of decaration of service of notice to be made b! the $rotection
-fficer under sub&section 526 of section 13G
5"6 the Auaifications and e'perience in counseing which a member of the
service provider sha possess under sub&section 516 of section 14G
56 the form in which an affidavit ma! be fied b! the aggrieved person under
sub&section 526 of section 23G
5m6 an! other matter which has to be, or ma! be, prescribed/
536 8ver! rue made under this Act sha be aid, as soon as ma! be after it is
made, before each =ouse of $ariament, whie it is in session for a tota period
of thirt! da!s which ma! be comprised in one session or in two or more
successive sessions, and if, before the e'pir! of the session immediate!
foowing the session or the successive sessions aforesaid, both =ouses agree in
ma"ing an! modification in the rue or both =ouses agree that the rue shoud
not be made, the rue sha thereafter have effect on! in such modified form or
be of no effect, as the case ma! beG so, however, that an! such modification or
annument sha be without pre.udice to the vaidit! of an!thing previous! done
under that rue/
A.1 - Crimes Data Table
Below is the Crimes Against Women data presented as the rate of
Cruelty by Husband and
Relatives and Dowry Deaths, for each State, United Territory and major
city, supplied by the
National Crime Records ureau !"overnment of #ndia $%%%&' !The data is
(iven as the
number of convicted crimes per )%%,%%% people'&
$ercentage of ever married women who agree with specific reasons for .ustif!ing a husband
beating his wife b! states,
*ndia, 133<&33
States 9ho agrees with specific reasons 9ho
agree
with at
east
one
reason
=usband
suspects
wife is
unfaithfu
,ata
fami!
does not
give
mone! or
other items
9ife
shows
disrespect
for in&
aws
9ife goes
out
without
teing
husband
9ife
negects
house
or
chidren
9ife
does not
coo"
food
proper!
Andhra
$radesh
55/4 25/3 53/H 55/4 H3/0 2H/2 I3/3
Arunacha
$radesh
10/2 4/< 3I/4 30/4 44/5 2H/2 51/3
Assam 32/I </2 40/5 33/4 44/5 12/< HH/I
#ihar 2</4 4/0 21/2 24/3 25/2 20/< 4I/1
:oa 35/3 5/1 2I/H 35/3 4H/5 1</0 5I/5
:u.arat 2I/3 3/5 15/2 21/3 22/5 11/H 3H/I
=ar!ana 20/1 0/2 3/< 12/4 10/2 I/0 2H/4
=imacha
$radesh
1H/4 0/2 3/3 </< </3 3/3 23/I
Dammu 45/H 3/I 53/3 5</5 H1/< 42/I I5/3
Earnata"a 1H/2 H/4 35/0 33/4 40/3 20/< 51/1
Eeraa 21/H 3/1 33/0 3I/< 4I/0 25/4 H1/<
@adh!a
$radesh
50/0 10/2 4H/I 4</5 50/0 43/0 I2/4
@aharashtra 32/2 H/< 54/4 53/5 H5/H 4</4 I5/2
@anipur 34/1 3/5 IH/H H3/1 <3/2 15/3 31/4
@eghaa!a 44/3 13/I 4</0 H4/0 I</3 3H/< <H/4
@iForam 33/4 5/4 52/2 42/< H</2 I/1 <3/4
,agaand 32/I 1H/I I3/H H0/3 <5/0 32/3 3I/0
,ew 0ehi 13/I 0/H 12/H 11/H 10/3 I/< 21/0
-rissa 32/3 H/3 32/I 32/1 23/3 1</3 50/H
$un.ab 1H/3 0/0 4/4 4/I 5/1 1/< 22/1
)a.asthan 32/3 4/0 23/3 30/< 31/3 21/2 51/3
Si""im 3I/3 3/H 34/4 32/1 43/3 11/H H</3
1ami ,adu 1I/2 3/1 40/5 51/0 53/< 22/1 I2/H
1ripura 1H/< 5/< 21/< 13/1 22/2 14/3 3</H
7ttar
$radesh
4</0 5/3 33/4 33/1 34/5 23/2 H1/2
9est
#enga
10/3 2/5 11/3 14/3 15/I H/I 23/0
*ndia 32/I H/< 33/3 3H/5 40/0 24/H 5H/I
1abe 2+ $ercentage of ever married women who agree with specific reasons for .ustif!ing a
husband beating his wife b! seected bac"ground characteristics, *ndia, 133<&33
Socio
demographic
Characteristics
9ho agrees with specific reasons 9ho
agree
with
at
east
one
reason
=usband
suspects
wife is
unfaithfu
,ata
fami!
does not
give
mone! or
other
items
9ife
shows
disrespect
for in&
aws
9ife
goes out
without
teing
husband
9ife
negects
house
or
chidren
9ife
does not
coo"
food
proper!
Age of woman
15&13 3I/1 </5 3</I 41/I 43/1 2</< H1/H
20&23 3I/1 H/< 33/3 3H/5 40/4 24/3 5H/<
30&33 32/I H/4 33/5 3H/0 33/3 24/1 5H/I
40&43 31/0 H/5 32/0 35/0 3I/3 22/3 54/5
8ducation of
woman
*iterate 33/2 3/1 3I/0 41/1 43/0 23/0 H2/0
$rimar! 31/3 5/< 35/4 3</5 43/4 25/2 53/0
Secondar! 24/4 3/I 30/H 31/3 3H/3 13/2 51/1
=igher 14/H 1/4 1I/3 15/4 20/4 </1 31/3
9or" status of
woman
,ot wor"ing 30/2 4/< 23/I 31/< 34/2 20/5 51/H
Agri/ and ==
activities
40/1 11/2 43/H 4I/H 53/0 34/< H3/2
,on&agri/
activities
23/4 I/2 33/3 35/3 40/< 23/1 55/H
Age at first
marriage
7p to 1< 3H/1 I/< 3H/5 33/H 42/< 2I/3 H0/3
13&24 23/2 3/I 2H/5 2I/< 32/1 1H/< 4H/3
25 and above 15/0 2/4 13/5 20/1 23/3 3/3 35/5
@arita duration
0&4 30/I H/2 32/3 35/1 3I/H 22/I 54/3
5&3 32/H H/5 33/2 35/5 33/3 24/5 5H/H
10 and above 33/H H/3 34/2 3I/1 40/H 25/2 5I/I
,ot current!
married
30/3 </5 35/0 3</0 41/3 24/3 55/H
Cont/ 1abe 2/
Se' of iving
chidren
,o chid 32/< I/4 34/0 3H/1 3</2 24/1 5H/0
Sons on! 30/3 H/3 33/5 35/2 3</3 23/4 54/3
0aughters on! 30/I H/3 32/I 3H/0 40/1 22/< 55/5
#oth 33/3 H/< 34/2 3I/2 40/I 25/H 5I/3
8'posure to mass
media
8'posed 3</I </0 35/4 33/4 40/5 2</< H0/2
,ot e'posed 2</I 5/3 32/< 34/H 33/H 21/< 54/4
9omenKs
autonom!
Jow 3</3 </5 3I/I 41/5 43/2 30/4 H1/3
@edium 34/3 I/1 35/0 3</3 40/5 25/< 5</H
=igh 25/H 5/1 23/I 30/H 3I/1 13/0 51/0
Se' of the head
of ==
@ae 33/0 H/< 34/0 3H/I 40/0 24/I 5H/3
%emae 23/H H/2 31/3 34/3 33/2 22/3 54/I
)eigion of the
head of ==
=indu 32/< I/0 34/0 3H/H 40/2 25/2 5H/3
@usim 34/I 5/3 33/H 3</1 3</I 23/2 5I/0
-thers 2I/I 5/< 31/3 31/4 3</< 13/3 53/1
Caste of the head
of ==
Schedued caste 34/5 I/3 34/H 3</3 41/1 2H/0 5</3
Schedued tribe 40/2 11/2 40/1 41/3 45/3 2</I H3/4
-ther bac"ward
caste
34/0 I/H 3H/I 40/3 44/I 2H/I H2/2
-thers 2</I 4/3 23/3 31/0 33/3 20/< 43/5
Standard of
iving of ==
Jow 3H/< 3/1 3</1 42/2 45/0 23/1 H2/I
@edium 34/4 H/< 35/4 3</3 41/3 25/3 53/2
=igh 22/3 3/0 23/3 23/1 2I/3 14/1 41/2
$ace of
residence of ==
7rban 24/I 3/3 2</2 23/0 34/0 1I/I 4I/4
)ura 35/H I/< 35/3 33/2 42/1 2I/0 H0/0
1ota 32/I H/< 33/3 3H/5 40/0 24/H 5H/I
1abe 3+ $ercentage of ever married women who have been beaten or ph!sica! mistreated
since age 15 and percentage beaten or ph!sica! mistreated in the past 12 months, according
to states, *ndia, 133<&33
States #eaten or
ph!sica!
mistreated
since age 15
#eaten or ph!sica!
mistreated since age 15 b!
#eaten or ph!sica!
mistreated in the past 12
months
=usband *n&
aws
-ther
persons
Andhra
$radesh 23/2 21/2 2/< 2/1 12/<
Arunacha
$radesh 2H/4 1</< 1/H 10/1 1H/2
Assam 15/5 14/1 0/< 2/4 </H
#ihar 2H/H 24/3 2/4 3/1 1</5
:oa 1I/3 13/3 2/4 4/0 H/4
:u.arat 10/1 </H 0/3 1/H 5/<
=ar!ana 13/2 10/< 2/3 3/4 5/1
=imacha
$radesh 5/< 3/3 1/2 1/H 2/1
Dammu 22/0 15/4 4/< I/2 3/3
Earnata"a 21/5 13/I 1/1 2/4 3/3
Eeraa 10/2 I/5 0/2 3/3 3/5
@adh!a
$radesh 21/2 13/I 1/3 1/H 11/<
@aharashtra 1</1 1H/I 2/0 2/2 I/3
@anipur 13/I </3 3/I 3/I 5/H
@eghaa!a 31/1 2/< 0/3 2</3 3/H
@iForam 20/1 11/5 0/0 3/H 3/5
,agaand 13/0 12/< 0/I I/3 15/2
,ew 0ehi 14/1 3/< 1/1 5/1 I/H
-rissa 2</3 22/3 3/0 </0 13/H
$un.ab 13/I 11/I 1/3 4/4 H/4
)a.asthan 10/3 3/< 1/5 0/3 5/4
Si""im 11/4 H/3 0/5 4/I I/H
1ami ,adu 40/4 3H/0 0/5 3/0 1H/1
1ripura 13/H 11/2 0/3 2/< </3
7ttar $radesh 22/4 20/< 1/3 2/3 13/5
9est #enga 1I/H 15/I 1/I 2/4 </I
*ndia 21/0 1</< 1/< 3/1 11/0
1abe 4+ $ercentage of ever married women who have been beaten or ph!sica! mistreated
since age 15 and percentage beaten or ph!sica! mistreated in the past 12 months, according
to seected bac"ground characteristics, *ndia, 133<&33
Socio
demographic
Characteristics
#eaten or
ph!sica!
mistreated
since age 15
#eaten or ph!sica! mistreated
since age 15 b!
#eaten or
ph!sica!
mistreated in the
past 12 months
=usband *n&aws -ther
persons
Age of woman
15&13 15/4 12/< 1/3 3/1 11/5
20&23 21/1 1</< 1/< 3/3 12/4
30&33 23/0 20/3 1/3 3/0 11/3
40&43 20/3 1</3 1/I 2/3 I/H
8ducation of
woman
*iterate 25/0 23/3 2/1 2/H 14/0
$rimar! 23/3 20/5 1/3 3/3 10/I
Secondar! 14/3 11/5 1/2 3/H H/<
=igher I/3 4/H 0/5 3/2 2/4
9or" status of
woman
,ot wor"ing 1H/3 14/< 1/4 2/3 3/3
Agri/ and ==
activities
2I/3 25/3 2/5 3/0 14/4
,on&agri/
activities
2H/1 23/1 2/0 4/3 12/2
Age at first
marriage
7p to 1< 22/< 20/3 2/0 2/I 12/2
13&24
15/< 12/< 1/1 4/2 I/4
25 and above
11/H </1 0/H 4/I 4/<
@arita duration
0&4 13/0 10/1 0/3 3/< </<
5&3 20/I 1</5 1/5 3/3 12/3
10 and above 23/0 21/2 1/3 2/I 11/H
,ot current!
married
2I/4 24/2 4/2 4/2 H/<
Cont/ 1abe 4/
Se' of iving
chidren
,o chid 1H/2 12/3 1/< 4/2 3/H
Sons on! 20/5 1</2 1/H 3/4 11/3
0aughters on!
20/3 1I/3 1/H 3/5 11/0
#oth
22/4 20/H 1/< 2/I 11/2
8'posure to mass
media
8'posed 24/0 22/3 2/0 2/H 13/3
,ot e'posed 13/0 1H/5 1/H 3/4 3/0
9omenKs
autonom!
Jow 21/5 13/I 2/0 2/H 12/3
@edium 20/3 1</I 1/< 2/3 11/I
=igh 20/I 1</2 1/5 3/< </I
Se' of the head
of ==
@ae 20/3 1</< 1/I 3/1 11/3
%emae 21/4 1</5 2/0 3/I I/5
)eigion of the
head of ==
=indu 21/1 13/1 1/I 3/0 11/1
@usim 21/2 13/1 2/1 2/3 11/4
-thers 1</2 14/5 1/H 5/2 </3
Caste of the head
of ==
Schedued caste 2I/4 25/1 2/2 3/4 15/4
Schedued tribe 23/0 20/I 1/< 3/1 13/0
-ther bac"ward
caste
23/0 20/I 1/I 3/H 11/H
-thers 15/I 13/H 1/H 2/H I/<
Standard of
iving of ==
Jow 23/1 2H/3 2/2 3/4 1H/H
@edium 20/1 1I/3 1/< 3/1 10/1
=igh 10/1 I/< 1/0 2/I 4/0
$ace of
residence of ==
7rban 1H/< 14/2 1/5 3/H I/I
)ura 22/5 20/4 1/< 2/3 12/1
1ota
21/0 1</< 1/< 3/1 11/0
1abe 5+ 2ariations in .ustif!ing a husband beating his wife and womenKs e'perience of
beatings or ph!sica mistreatment b! bac"ground characteristics+ )esuts of ogistic
regression ana!sis
$redictor 2ariabes
Agree with at east
one reason
#eaten or ph!sica! mistreated
Since age 15 *n the ast 12
months
8'p 5#6 8'p 5#6 8'p 5#6
Age of woman
15&13 L
20&23 0/34 1/15HMMM 0/322
30&33 0/3H5 1/003 0/I43MMM
40&43 0/31MM 0/<43MMM 0/43HMMM
8ducation of woman
*iterate L
$rimar! 1/03IMMM 1/05IMM 0/325MM
Secondar! 0/<<3MMM 0/I3<MMM 0/I32MMM
=igher 0/553MMM 0/4<4MMM 0/333MMM
9or" status of woman
,ot wor"ing L
Agri/ and == activities 1/H<3MMM 1/502MMM 1/332MMM
,on&agri/ activities 1/3I3MMM 1/535MMM 1/3H5MMM
Age at first marriage
7p to 1< L
13&24 0/<I2MMM 0/33HMMM 0/301MMM
25 and above 0/<22MMM 0/3I 0/3I2
@arita duration
0&4 L
5&3 1/003 1/4H<MMM 1/4I2MMM
10 and above 0/3<1 1/I51MMM 1/5<5MMM
,ot current! married 0/303MM 2/24IMMM 1/044
Contd/ 1abe 5/
Se' of iving chidren
,o chid L
Sons on! 1/0HIMM 1/0H2 1/134MMM
0aughters on! 1/123MMM 1/034MM 1/11<MM
#oth 1/151MMM 1/03 1/043
8'posure to mass media
8'posed L
,ot e'posed 1/21<MMM 1/1<<MMM 1/043
9omenKs autonom!
Jow L
@edium 0/<32MMM 0/334MMM 0/32MMM
=igh 0/H3HMMM 0/32<MMM 0/<11MMM
Se' of the head of ==
@ae L
%emae 0/3IH 0/<4HMMM 0/I4IMMM
)eigion of the head of ==
=indu L
@usim 1/5HHMMM 1/31<MMM 1/2I5MMM
-thers 1/435MMM 1/1IIMMM 1/15HMMM
Caste of the head of ==
Schedued caste L
Schedued tribe 1/5<4MMM 0/I42MMM 0/I23MMM
-ther bac"ward caste 1/23<MMM 0/313MMM 0/<55MMM
-thers 0/33IMMM 0/H54MMM 0/H3HMMM
Standard of iving of ==
Jow L
@edium 0/303MMM 0/H5IMMM 0/H3HMMM
=igh 0/5I1MMM 0/333MMM 0/354MMM
$ace of residence of ==
7rban L
)ura 1/153MMM 0/301MMM 0/324MM
Constant 1/0I3MM 0/24MMM 0/20<MMM
MMM$NO0/01, MM$NO0/05
Appendi' 1+Standard of iving *nde'
S/,o/ 2ariabe Categories Scores
1 1!pe of
house
$ucca
Semi&pucca
Eachha
4
2
0
2 -wnership
of house
(es
,o
2
0
3 1oiet
faciit!
-wn fush toiet
$ubicPshared fush toiet
-wn pit toiet
4
2
2
$ubicPshared pit toiet
,o faciit!
1
0
4 Source of
ighting
8ectricit!
EerosenePgasPoi
-ther source
2
1
0
5 Source of
drin"ing
water
$ipePhand pumpPwe in residence
$ubic tapP hand pumpPwe
-ther source
2
1
0
H Separate
room for
coo"ing
(es
,o
1
0
I -wnership
of
agricutura
and
5 acres or more
2&4/3 acres
Jess than 2 acresPacreage not "nown
,o agricutura and
4
3
2
0
< -wnership
of irrigated
and
Some irrigated and
,o irrigated and
2
0
3 -wnership
of ivestoc"
(es
,o
2
0
10 %ue for
coo"ing
8ectricit!
J$:Pbiogas
CoaPCharcoaPEerosene
-ther fue
2
2
1
0
11 -wnership
of durabe
goods
CarPtractor
@opedPscooterPmotorc!cePteephonePrefrigeratorPcoour
teevision
#ic!cePeectric fanPradioPtransistorPsewing machineP#ac"
and white teevisionPwater pumpPbuoc" cartPthresher
@attressPpressure coo"erPchairPcotPbedPtabePcoc"Pwatch
4
3
2
1
Appendi' 2+ *nde' of 9omen Autonom!
S/,o/ 2ariabe Categories Scores
5A6
1
2

3
4
0ecision @a"ing
9hat to Coo"
-n obtaining heath care
1o purchase Dewer!
Sta!ing with fami!
1/ )espondent
2/ =usband
3/ Doint! with husband
4/ -thers in househod
5/ Doint! with others in
househod
1/ )espondent
2/ =usband
3/ Doint! with husband
4/ -thers in househod
5/ Doint! with others in
househod
1/ )espondent
2/ =usband
3/ Doint! with husband
4/ -thers in househod
5/ Doint! with others in
househod
1/ )espondent
2/ =usband
3/ Doint! with husband
4/ -thers in househod
5/ Doint! with others in househod
0/ ,o
1/ (es
2/ ,ot aowed to go
0/ ,o
3
1
2
1
2
3
1
2
1
2
3
1
2
1
2
3
1
2
1
5#6
1
2
5C6
1
$ermission needed
1o go to mar"et
1o visit reatives or friends
Access to mone!
Aowed to have mone! set
aside
1/ (es
2/ ,ot aowed to go
0/ ,o
1/ (es
2
3
2
1
3
2
1
1
3