Example 2

Example of using the Simplex method to solve linear programming problem.

Original Q: A factory produces two types of drink, an "energy" drink and a "refresher" drink.
The day's output is to be planned. Each drink requires syrup, vitamin and flavouring
as shown in the table The last row in the table shows how much of each ingredient
is available for the day's production.
Syrup Vitamin Flavouring Syrup Vitamin Flavouring
5L Energy Drink 1.25L 2 units 30cc 1L Energy Drink 0.25L 0.4 units 6 cc
5L Refresher Drink 1.25L 1 unit 20cc 1L Refresher Drink 0.25L 0.2 unit 4 cc
Available 250L 300 units 4.8L Available 250L 300 units 4800 cc
Let x = number of litres of Energy drink produced slack
y = number of litres of Refresher drink produced variable
Then, 0.25x + 0.25y 250 x+y 1000 x 4 s1
0.4x + 0.2y 300 2x+y 1500 x 5 s2
6x + 4y 4800 3x+2y 2400 2 s3
To maximise I = x + 0.8y
x,y 0 Trivial so no need to consider
x+y 1000 Introduce slack variable s1: x + y + s1 = 1000
2x+y 1500 Introduce slack variable s2: 2x+ y + s2 = 1500
3x+2y 2400 Introduce slack variable s3: 3x+ 2y + s3 = 2400
Choose x as the pivot column(although not necessary. Can also choose y as the pivot column)
Divide RHS by entries of pivot column. The row with the smallest result is the pivot row (R2)
I x y s1 s2 s3 RHS
1 -1 -0.8 0 0 0 0 R0
0 1 1 1 0 0 1000 R1 10001=1000
0 2 1 0 1 0 1500 R2 1500 2=750 PR
0 3 2 0 0 1 2400 R3 24003=800
I x y s1 s2 s3 RHS
1 -1 -0.8 0 0 0 0 R0
0 1 1 1 0 0 1000 R1
R2 2 0 1 0.5 0 0.5 0 750 R2
0 3 2 0 0 1 2400 R3
I x y s1 s2 s3 RHS
R0 + (R2) 1 0 -0.3 0 0.5 0 750 R0
R1 + (-R2) 0 0 0.5 1 -0.5 0 250 R1 2500.5= 500
R2 0 1 0.5 0 0.5 0 750 R2 7500.5=1500 PR
R3 + (-3R2) 0 0 0.5 0 -1.5 1 150 R3 1500.5= 300 next PR
I x y s1 s2 s3 RHS s2 is now the pivot column
R0+ (0.6R3) 1 0 0 0 -0.4 0.6 840 R0
R1+ (-R3) 0 0 0 1 1 -1 100 R1 1001= 100 next PR
R2+ (-R3) 0 1 0 0 2 -1 600 R2 6002= 300
R3 0 0 0.5 0 -1.5 1 150 R3
I x y s1 s2 s3 RHS
R0+(0.4R1) 1 0 0 0.4 0 0.2 880 R0
R1 0 0 0 1 1 -1 100 R1 PR
R2+(-2R1) 0 1 0 -2 0 1 400 R2
R3+(1.5R1) 0 0 0.5 1.5 0 -0.5 300 R3
The R0 row contains only positive elements and so the maximum value
for P has been reached. The top row gives: I + 0.4s1+ 0.3s3 = 880
I + 0.4s1 + 0.2s3 = 880 I = 880 - 0.4s1 - 0.2s3 I max when s1= s3 = 0
s1 + s2 - s3 = 100
x - 2s1 + s3 = 400 s2 = 100
y +3s1 - s3 = 600
Hence the maximum value is I
max
= 880 and occurs when x = 400, y = 600,
S2 = 100. Then vitamin not used = (100/5) = 20 units
Convert to equation by introducing slack variable si I - x - 0.8y = 0
ipgm/koo
Kuiz 1 : Simpleks (5 markah)
Menggunakan kaedah simpleks untuk menyelesaikan masalah pengaturcaraan linear.
Bagi memaksimakan P = -x + 8y + z berdasarkan kepada kekangan-kekangan berikut:
Tukar kekangan kepada persamaan dengan memperkenalkan pembolehubah slack; si
(i) x + 2y + 9z 10 masukkan pembolehubah slack and x+2y+9z+s1=10
(ii) y + 4z 12 tulis dalam bentuk persamaan y+4z+s2=12
(iii) x, y, z 0 diabaikan
Lajur pangsi
LP
P x y z s
1
s
2
RHS
R 1 1 -8 -1 0 0 0 R
R 0 1 2 9 1 0 10 R PR
R 0 0 1 4 0 1 12 R
P x y z s
1
s
2
RHS
R 1 1 -8 -1 0 0 0 R
R1 2 0 0.5 1 4.5 0.5 0 5 R
R 0 0 1 4 0 1 12 R
P x y z s
1
s
2
RHS
R0+8(R1) 1 5 0 35 4 0 40 R
R 0 0.5 1 4.5 0.5 0 5 R
R2-R1 0 -0.5 0 -0.5 -0.5 1 7 R
R mengandungi elemen positif. Dengan ini boleh dikatakan nilai maksima bagi P telah tercapai.
R P+5x+35z+4s1=40
R 0.5x+y+4.5z+0.5s1=5
R 0.5z -0.5 s1+s2=7
Oleh itu, nilai maksima bagi P ialah = ? dan akan berlaku apabila P=40
x = 5, z=35, y=0, s=4 s = 0
5
Tukar P +x-8y-z=0
BP= baris pangsi

ipgm/koo
BP= baris pangsi
ipgm/koo
Kuiz 2
P=16x+24y x,y 0
2x+3y 24 2x+3y +s1= 24
2x+y 16 2x+y +s2= 16
y 6 y +s3= 6
Mula dengan x sebagai LP
P x y s1 s2 s3 RHS P x y s1 s2 s3
1 -16 -24 0 0 0 0
0 2 3 1 0 0 24
0 2 1 0 1 0 16
0 0 1 0 0 1 6
P x y s1 s2 s3 RHS P x y s1 s2 s3
1 -16 0 0 0 24 144
0 2 0 1 0 -3 6
0 2 0 0 1 -1 10
0 0 1 0 0 1 6
P x y s1 s2 s3 RHS P x y s1 s2 s3
1 -16 0 0 0 24 144
0 2 0 1 0 -3 6
0 2 0 0 1 -1 10
0 0 1 0 0 1 6
P x y s1 s2 s3 RHS P x y s1 s2 s3
1 -16 0 0 0 24 144
0 1 0 0.5 0 -1.5 3
0 2 0 0 1 -1 10
0 0 1 0 0 1 6
P x y s1 s2 s3 RHS P x y s1 s2 s3
1 0 0 8 0 0 192
0 1 0 0.5 0 -1.5 3
0 0 0 -1 1 2 4
0 0 1 0 0 1 6
P x y s1 s2 s3
Jawapan: P=192
x=3
y=6
Jawapan
Mula dengan y sebagai LP (lajur pangsi)
RHS
RHS
RHS
RHS
RHS
RHS
Exercise 1A. No. 3 P=9x+10y+6z x,y,z 0
2x+3y+4z 3
6x+6y+2z 8
P x y z s
1
s
2
RHS
R0 1 -9 -10 -6 0 0 0 R0
R1 0 2 3 4 1 0 3 R1 PR
R2 0 6 6 2 0 1 8 R2 ?
P x y z s
1
s
2
RHS
R0 1 -9 -10 -6 0 0 0 R0
R13 0 1 1.33 0.33 0 1 R1
R2 0 6 6 2 0 1 8 R2
P x y z s
1
s
2
RHS
R0 +10(R1) 1 -2.3 0 7.3 3.3 0 10 R0
R1 0 0.67 1 1.33 0.33 0 1 R1
R2-6(R1) 0 2 0 -6 -2 1 2 R2
P x y z s
1
s
2
RHS
R0 1 -2.3 0 7.3 3.3 0 10 R0
R1 0 0.67 1 1.33 0.33 0 1 R1 ?
R2 0 2 0 -6 -2 1 2 R2 PR
P x y z s
1
s
2
RHS
R0 1 -2.3 0 7.3 3.3 0 10 R0
R1 0 0.67 1 1.33 0.33 0 1 R1
R22 0 1 0 -3 -1 0.5 1 R2
P x y z s
1
s
2
RHS
R0 + 21/3(R2) 1 0 0 0.33 1 12 1/3 R0
R1-2/3 (R2) 0 0 1 3 1/3 1 -0.33 R1
R2 0 1 0 -3 -1 1 R2
Berdasarkan jadual simpleks yang terakhir: tulis persamaan untuk
P = 12 1/3
x =1
y= 1/3
z=0
Oleh itu, nilai maksima bagai P = ?37/3 apabila
x = 1 y=1/3, z=0
2
3

7
6

1
3

1
2