Presentación LTE

COPYRIGHT 2014 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
1
4G LTE-A Overview
March 2014
2
Outline
1. Carrier Aggregation
2. MIMO (DL & UL)
3. Interference Management (eICIC vs. DL ICIC)
4. CoMP (Coordinated Multi-Point)
3 3
Carrier Aggregation
4 4
Carrier Aggregation Principles
Carrier Aggregation is a 3GPP Release 10 feature, which supports simultaneous
transmission to/from a UE over multiple carriers (up to 5)
- The UE simultaneously receives data from different carriers
- The UE simultaneously sends data to different carriers
In initial CA releases, CA will be performed on only 2 DL carriers due to UE
limitations
Main benefits of CA are
Enhanced peak throughput at the UE level
Improvement in the average sector throughput
Carrier 1
Carrier 2
UE
5 5
Carrer Aggregation Combinations
*
http://www.3gpp.org/Carrier-Aggregation-explained
ftp://www.3gpp.org/Information/WORK_PLAN/Description_Releases/%20
6 6
MIMO
7 7
MIMO Techniques
Transmit Diversity
Improves reliability/coverage on a single data stream
Fall back scheme if channel conditions do not allow SM; useful to improve reliability on
common control channels
Spatial Multiplexing (SM) ! SU-MIMO
Multiple data streams sent to the same user
Significant throughput gains for users in high SINR conditions
Spatial Division Multiple Access (SDMA), Multi-User MIMO
(MU-MIMO) or Beamforming
Different data streams sent to different users on same resource
Improves throughput/capacity
8 8
MIMO Support is Different in Downlink & Uplink
- Downlink MIMO
- Supports Spatial Multiplexing, MU-MIMO, and Transmit Diversity
- Uplink MIMO
- Due to cost/complexity, devices typically only use 1 Tx antenna
- This limits MIMO on the uplink to MU-MIMO techniques
9
DL Single-User MIMO with 4Tx Antennas
Cell Average Thpt Cell Border Thpt
4x2 SU-MIMO
(w.r.t 2x2 SU-MIMO)
15-20% 25-35%
4x4 SU-MIMO
(w.r.t 2x2 SU-MIMO)
45-55% 60-70%
" DL MIMO gains (FDD) shown below are with respect to 2x2 MIMO
" 4Tx antenna is assumed to consist of two columns of closely-spaced cross-poles
in a single radome (CLA-2x)
" Performance range is based on averages across different radio channel models
Note on UE support
" With 4Tx enabled at a cell, all UEs in that cells coverage are required to support 4Tx-
encoded DL transmissions
" In particular, all UEs need to support decoding of 4-port CRS, broadcast and other control
channels in order to attach and decode basic control information
" In addition, the UE should support 4-port TxDiv and 4Tx-based CLSM for robust PDSCH
performance
X X
X X
X X
X X
||
UE Antenna eNB Antenna
10
DL Multi-User MIMO
2x2 MU-MIMO
(w.r.t 2x2 SU-MIMO)
-5 to 0% 0-5%
4x2 MU-MIMO
(w.r.t 4x2 SU-MIMO)
0-5% 15-20%*
8x2 MU-MIMO
(w.r.t 8x2 SU-MIMO)
20-25% 25-35%
" DL MU-MIMO gains (FDD) based on TM9 (Rel-10) are shown in the table below
" Cross-pole antennas are assumed
" UEs paired via MU-MIMO are limited to 1-layer transmission
" *The 4x2 cell-border throughput is heavily influenced by the gains in rural LOS channels; However, rural
sites are likely to have low user density which limits the ability of the scheduler to successfully pair users
" In heavily loaded sites, on the other hand, MU-MIMO algorithms have high complexity associated with
pairing UEs as different pairing options need to be evaluated in real-time by the scheduler
" ALU view: As MU-MIMO cell throughput gains with 2Tx and 4Tx antennas are relatively small compared
to the complexity of the pairing algorithms => ALU currently considers DL MU-MIMO a low priority
feature for these antenna configurations
11
UL Multi-User MIMO
1x2 MU-MIMO
(w.r.t 1x2 SU-MIMO)
No Gain No Gain
1x4 MU-MIMO
(w.r.t 1x4 SU-MIMO)
0-5% 0-5%
1x8 MU-MIMO
(w.r.t 1x8 SU-MIMO)
15-20% 0-5%
" UL MU-MIMO gains (FDD) are shown in the table below
" Cross-pole eNB antennas are assumed; eNB is based on an IRC receiver
" MU-MIMO algorithms have
" High complexity associated with pairing UEs in a large user population
" Limited ability to pair UEs in scenarios with low number of users
" The MU-MIMO cell throughput gains with 2Rx and 4Rx antennas are relatively small compared to the complexity of the
pairing algorithms => ALU currently considers UL MU-MIMO a low priority feature for these antenna configurations
X X
X X
X X
X X
eNB Antenna
|
UE Antenna
Single Tx
12 12
Interference
Management
13
Overview of Inter-Cell Interference Coordination
Techniques
" In general, ICIC techniques manage radio resources at multiple cells to control inter-cell interference
" Two components:
" Frequency Domain ICIC (PRB usage is coordinated among cells)
" Time Domain eICIC* (ABS* are used to reduce downlink interference to victim cell)
" Freq-Domain vs. Time-Domain
" Freq-domain DL ICIC is not effective in limiting interference on Control channels (PDCCH, PHICH,
PCFICH) as they cannot be easily partitioned in the freq-domain
" Time-domain eICIC techniques such as ABS limit interference on Control channels by limiting PDCCH and
PDSCH (possibly PHICH as well) in certain subframes
*Enhanced ICIC
*Almost Blank Subframes
ICIC uses frequency domain partitioning to limit interference on the traffic channel
eICIC uses time domain partitioning to limit interference on the control channel
14
DL ICIC vs. eICIC
ICIC (w/o Rel-11 based ePDCCH)
does not help mitigate interference
on the PDCCH channel
PDCCH PDSCH Channel
PDCCH & PDSCH channels
are blanked and do not cause
interference to serving cell
* Note: All channels are
not shown for simplicity
Time Axis (TTI)
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y

A
x
i
s

(
P
R
B
s
)

PDCCH REs
PDSCH REs
CRS REs
Legend:
" Bottom figures contrast an interference profile with ICIC vs. eICIC
15
" Non-uniform transmit PSD masks used by Cells
" Each cell transmits at constant nominal power across the entire bandwidth
except in the restricted zones (no PDSCH transmitted in restricted zones)
" Once provisioned, restricted zones are static (change requires cell reset)
" Cell edge users in the neighbouring eNBs are scheduled in the restricted
PRBs and hence they experience improved SINR

1

2

3

4

5

6

7
Overview of Static DL ICIC
Example: Inverted 1/7 re-use pattern
Consider a UE connected to the red
cell which is at the edge close to the
blue cell; This UE can experience an
improved SINR if the red cell
schedules it in sub band #3
Frequency Zones (group of PRBs)
C
e
l
l

T
x

P
o
w
e
r

.UE

1

2

3

4

5

6

7
16 16
CoMP
17
Base Feature CoMP Step 1 CoMP Step 2
IRC
(no inter-cell
info exchange)
eIRC
(with inter-cell
info exchange)
IRC
+
NICE
IRC* - Interference Rejection Combining
NICE* - Network Interference Cancellation Engine
UL CoMP Introduction Strategy
" Stand-alone IRC*
receiver at each cell
" No information exchange
with neighboring cells on
interfering users
" eIRC = Enhanced IRC
" IRC receiver obtains
only control information
of interfering UEs from
neighboring cells
" NICE* is an ALU
proprietary algorithm
" IRC receiver obtains both
control and decoded data
information of interfering
UEs from neighboring cells
18
DL CoMP Techniques (3GPP)
" Coordinated Scheduling/Coordinated
Beamforming (CS/CB): User data is only available
at the serving point. User scheduling/beam-forming
decisions are made with coordination among
transmission points.
" Joint Processing (JP): User data is available at
each point in CoMP cooperating set.
" Joint Transmission (JT): User data transmission
from multiple points at a time. Several pre-coding
strategies are possible, including coherent or non-
coherent transmission
" Dynamic Point Selection (DPS): User data
transmission from one point at a time, dynamically
selected
Conceptual view of DL CoMP
CSI and data sharing
CSI sharing
19
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LTE-Advanced
3C work ls sLrucLured ln releases
(8LL) of 1-3 years durauon
each release conslsLs of several work
lLems (Wl) and sLudy lLems (Sl)
even lf a 8LL ls compleLed correcuons
are posslble laLer
exlsung feaLures of one 8LL can be
enhanced ln a fuLure 8LL
Further LTE
enhancements
2001 2003 2005 2007
2009 2011
2013
Release 11
3C allgned Lo l1u-8 lM1 process
3C 8eleases evolve Lo meeL:
luLure 8equlremenLs for lM1
luLure operaLor and end-user
requlremenLs
only main
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2015
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Plgh specLral emclency
CluMA ln uownllnk: robusL agalnsL mulupaLh lnLerference
ul1-Spread-CluM (Slngle-Carrler luMA") ln upllnk: low eak Lo Average ower 8auo
Mulu-anLenna appllcauon
very low laLency for seLup and handover
SupporL of varlable bandwldLh: 1.4, 3, 3, 10, 13 and 20 MPz
Slmple proLocol archlLecLure: Shared channel based, S mode only wlLh vol capablllLy
Slmple ArchlLecLure: enode8 as Lhe only L-u18An node
Smaller number of 8An lnLerfaces
enode8 ! MML/SAL-CaLeway (S1)
enode8 ! enode8 (x2)
luu and 1uu wlLhln a slngle radlo access Lechnology
lnLer-worklng wlLh oLher sysLems, e.g. cdma2000
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Self congurauon, 8aslc self-opumlzauon
Pome enode 8 (Pen8): closed access mode only
8educed deploymenL/operauonal cosL (CALx and CLx)
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Maln mouvauon Lo lnLroduce L1L-Advanced ln 8LL-10:
! lM1-Advanced sLandardlzauon process ln l1u-8 for 4C
! Addluonal lM1 specLrum band ldenued ln W8C07
L1L-Advanced (8LL-10/11 ...) ls an evoluuon of L1L (8LL-8/9),
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!SmooLh and exlble sysLem mlgrauon from 8el-8 L1L Lo L1L-Advanced
LTE target:
peak data rates:
DL: 100Mbps
UL: 50Mbps
TS 25.913
LTE-A target:
peak data rates:
DL: 1Gbps
UL: 500Mbps
TS 36.913
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SupporL of wlder bandwldLh (Carrler
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carrler and L1L 8el-8 carrler
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Advanced MlMC Lechnlques
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downllnk (8LL-8: 4-layer ln downllnk)
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Lnhanced physlcal downllnk conLrol channel (L-uCCP): new CLrl channel
wlLh hlgher capaclLy
lurLher enhancemenLs for
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Self Cpumlzlng neLworks (SCn): lnLer 8A1 MoblllLy 8obusLness Cpumlsauon (M8C)
Carrler Aggregauon (CA): muluple umlng advance ln uL, uL/uL cong. ln lnLer-band CA 1uu
Machlne-1ype Communlcauons (M1C): LA8 mechanlsm agalnsL overload due Lo M1C
Mulumedla 8roadcasL MulucasL Servlce (M8MS): Servlce conunulLy ln moblllLy case
neLwork Lnergy Savlng for L-u18An: savlngs for lnLerworklng wlLh u18An/CL8An
lnLer-cell lnLerference coordlnauon (lClC): asslsLance Lo uL for C8S lnLerference reducuon
Locauon Servlces (LCS): neLwork-based posluonlng (u-1uCA)
Pome enode 8 (Pen8): moblllLy enhancemenLs, x2 CaLeway
8An LnhancemenLs for ulverse uaLa Appllcauons (euuA):
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luM/u8x ldeas Lo lmproved coexlsLence of L1L, Wlll, 8lueLooLh Lranscelvers, CnSS recelvers ln uL
Plgh ower (+33d8m) vehlcular uL for 700MPz band for Amerlca for ubllc SafeLy
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Mulu-anLenna Lechnology advancemenLs
CoordlnaLed Mulu-olnL (CoM) operauon wlLh non ldeal-backhaul
Advanced lnLerference suppresslon Lechnlques aL Lhe Lermlnal
Small Cells
new servlces:
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