HKAL Chemistry 91-02 (Section 1 : Atoms, Molecules and Stoichiometry)

91IA Q.2(c)
A container holds a gaseous mixture of nitrogen and propane. The pressure in the container at 200oC
is 4.5 atm. At −40oC the propane completely condenses and the pressure drops to 1.5 atm. Calculate
the mole fraction of propane in the original gaseous mixture.
(3 marks)

91IA Q.3(g)
Complete and balance the following reactions by filling in the blanks and adding stoichiometric
coefficients when necessary.

I. CrO42−(aq) + _______ → ________ + Cr2O72−(aq)

II. C2O42−(aq) + MnO4−(aq) + H+(aq) → ________ + ________ + _________

III. Sn2+(aq) + H2O2(aq) + H+(aq) → __________ + ___________

(3 marks)

91 IIA Q.2 (b) (i)

CrO4 ions react with S2O32− ions to from Cr(OH)4− and SO42− ions in basic medium. Write balanced
2−

equations for each half reaction and for the overall reaction.

(ii) What volume of 0.50 M Na2CrO4 solution is needed to react completely with 40.0 cm3 of 0.20
M Na2S2O3 solution in basic medium?
(5 marks)
92IA Q.2(b)
Suggest the physical condition(s) under which real gases most closely approach ideal gas
behaviour.
(1 mark)

92IIC Q.7(a)
A carboxylic acid P, with a relative molecular mass less than 100, contains C, 55.8%; H,
7.0%; and O, 37.2% by mass. Determine the molecular formula of P.
(2 marks)

94IA Q.1(e)
Write a balanced equation for each of the following reactions.
(i) The reaction between BrO3-(aq) and Br-(aq) in acidic solution to give Br2(aq).
(ii) The reaction between MnO4-(aq) and SO2(g) in alkaline solution to give MnO2(s) and
SO42-(aq).
(3 marks)

94IIA Q.1(a)
Gas containers A and B each contain as ideal gas at low pressure and 298 K. The volume of
container A is twice that of container B, but the number of moles of ideal gas contained in A
is only half of that in B.
(i) Calculate the ratio of the gas pressures in the two containers.
(ii) If the ideal gas in container A is replaced by an equal number of moles of carbon
dioxide, which cannot be considered as an ideal gas under these conditions, how will
the pressure in container A change? Explain.
(6 marks)
95IA Q.1(a)(ii)

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 HKAL Chemistry 91-02 (Section 1 : Atoms, Molecules and Stoichiometry)

The relative atomic mass of bromine is 79.90. It has two isotopes with mass numbers 79 and
81. Calculate the relative abundance of each isotope.
(2 marks)

95IIA Q.3(a)
(i) Derive an expression for the molar mass M of an ideal gas, in terms of its density d,
pressure P, and absolute temperature T.
(ii) At 98.6 kPa and 300 K, the density of a sample of dry air is 1.146 g dm -3. Assuming
that dry air contains only nitrogen and oxygen and behaves ideally, calculate the
composition of the sample. (Gas constant, R = 8.31 J K-1 mol-1)
(5 marks)

96IA Q.1(a)
(i) Write down the number of neutrons, protons and electrons in one atom of carbon-12,
12
C, and in one atom of carbon-13, 13C.
(ii) The isotopic mass of 12C is 12.000 atomic mass unit (a.m.u.). Calculate the mass, in
kg, of 1 mol of 12C atoms. (1 a.m.u. = 1.6605 x 10-27 kg; Avogadro constant, L =
6.0221 x 1023 mol-1)
(iii) The following data were obtained from the mass spectrum of a carbon-containing
compound:
Ion Mass Q.a.m.u. Relative intensity
12 +
C 12.000 100.00
13 +
C 13.003 1.12
Using the above data, calculate the relative atomic mass of carbon.
(5 marks)

96IIA Q.2(a)
(i) The graph below shows the variation of pressure with volume at 298 K for 1 mol each of
an ideal gas and a real gas.
Explain why at low pressure, the curve for the
real gas approaches that for the ideal gas.
(ii) At 298 K, 1.0 dm3 of N2 at 0.20 Pa pressure
was mixed with 2.0 dm3 of O2 at 0.40 Pa in a
4.0 dm3 container. Assuming that both N2 and
O2 behave ideally, calculate the pressure of the
gaseous mixture at 298 K.
(3.5 marks)

97IIA Q.1(b)
At 360 K and 101 kPa pressure, the vapour
produced by 0.226 g of a volatile liquid occupies 85.0 cm3. Assuming that the vapour
behaves ideally, calculate the molar mass of the liquid.
(1 kPa = 1 x 103 N m-2)
(3 marks)

98IIA Q.1(b)
A gaseous compound D contains carbon and hydrogen only, and has a density of 1.15 g dm -3
at 95.3 kPa pressure and 298 K. Assuming that D behaves ideally, calculate its molar mass
and deduce its molecular formula.
(1 kPa = 1 x 103 N m-2)
(4 marks)
98IIA Q.4(c)
Sketch the expected mass spectrum for a gas sample having the composition: N2 78%, O2

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 HKAL Chemistry 91-02 (Section 1 : Atoms, Molecules and Stoichiometry)

21% and CO2 1%. (You only need to consider the major isotope of each element.)
(3 marks)

99IA Q.1(a)
At 433K, 0.569 g of aluminium chloride produces a vapour having a volume of 96.0 cm 3 and
a pressure of 80.0 kPa.
(i) Assuming that the aluminium chloride vapour behaves as an ideal gas, calculate its
molar mass. (1kPa = 1x103 Nm-2)
(ii) Deduce the molecular formula of aluminium chloride under the above conditions and
suggest a structure consistent with this formula.
(5 marks)

99IIA Q.1(a)(i)
Rubidium occurs naturally in two isotopic forms. The table below lists the mass and relative
abundance of each isotope.
Isotope Mass Q. a.m.u. Relative abundance
85 Rb
84.939 72.15%
87 Rb 86.937 27.85%
(I) Suggest an experimental method to detect the isotopes of rubidium and state how
the relative abundance of each isotope can be obtained.
(II) Calculate the relative atomic mass of rubidium.
(4 marks)

99 Q.IIA Q.6(d)(i)
In an experiment to determine the SO2 level in air, 200 dm3 of an air sample, measured at 298
K and 101 kPa pressure, was bubbled into excess H2O2(aq) which converts the SO2 to SO42-
(aq). The resulting solution was then treated with excess BaCl2(aq) to give 0.0583 g of
BaSO4(s).
Assuming that the air sample behaves ideally, calculate the concentration of SO2 in the
sample, expressing your answer
(I) in µg m-3 and
(II) in ppm by volume.
(1 kPa = 1 x 103 Nm-2)I
(4 marks)

00IA Q.3(b)
In a titration experiment, 25.00 cm3 of acidified FeSO4(aq) required 32.15 cm3 of 0.0203 M
K2Cr2O7(aq) for complete reaction.
(i) Write a balanced equation for the reaction involved.
(ii) Calculate the concentration, in mol dm-3 of the FeSO4(aq).
(3 marks)

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 HKAL Chemistry 91-02 (Section 1 : Atoms, Molecules and Stoichiometry)

00IIA Q.1(a)
Consider the mass spectrum of chlorine gas:

Relative abundance

D B

(A, B, C, D and E represent five different ionic species.) A

(i) Explain why there are five peaks in the mass spectrum.
(ii) The ratio of relative abundance of D to E is 1 : 3.
(I) 40 Calculate
50 the relative
60 70 atomic80mass of chlorine.
(II) Calculate the ratio of relative abundance of A to B to C.
Mass (7 marks)
charge
01IIA Q.1(b)
Briefly describe the principle of mass spectrometry and its use to determine the relative
atomic mass of a noble gas.
(8 marks)

01IIA Q.1(c)
A standard iodine solution was prepared by dissolving 0.953 g of KIO3(s) in excess KI(aq)
and H2SO4(aq) and then making up the solution to 250.0 cm3.
(i) Why are standard iodine solutions not prepared directly from solid iodine?
(ii) Calculate the molarity of the standard iodine solution.
(iii) 25.00 cm3 of the standard iodine solution was titrated against 0.0981 M Na 2S2O3(aq).
27.25 cm3 of the Na2S2O3(aq).was required to reach the end-point.
(I) Deduce the stochiometry of the reaction of I2(aq) with Na2S2O3(aq), and write a
balanced equation for the reaction.
(II) Suggest an appropriate indicator for the titration and state the colour change at
the end-point.
(7 marks)

02IA Q.7(a)
An experiment was carried out to determine the percentage by mass of tin in a sample of
bronze, an alloy of copper and tin :
15.03 g of the finely divided sample was warmed with excess 1 M sulphuric acid to convert
all the tin to tin(II) sulphate(VI). The mixture was filtered to remove copper which did not
undergo reaction. The colourless filtrate was then diluted to 250.0 cm 3 with deionized
water.
Four portions of the diluted tin(II) sulphate(VI) solution, each of volume 25.00 cm3, were
titrated against 0.0205 M potassium manganate(VII) solution. The titres were 23.90 cm 3,
23.35 cm3, 23.40 cm3 and 23.35 cm3.
The equation for the reaction involved in the titration is as follows:
5Sn2+(aq) + 2MnO4-(aq0 + 16H+(aq) → 5Sn4+(aq) + 2Mn2+(aq) + 8H2O(λ)
(i) Describe how the end point of the titration can be detected.
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 HKAL Chemistry 91-02 (Section 1 : Atoms, Molecules and Stoichiometry)

(ii) Calculate the percentage by mass of tin in the sample of bronze.

(5 marks)

02IIA Q.1(b)
Element A and B form a compound with molecular formula AB3. A sample of the
compound was injected into a mass spectrometer and the mass spectrum shown below was
obtained.
Relative intensity

19 31 50 69 88

(i) A molecular ion AB3+ was formed in the mass spectrometer. Suggest how AB3+ was
formed.
(ii) The peaks at mass Q.charge ratios 69 and 50 are due to cations formed from
detaching one and two atoms of B from AB+ respectively.
Account for the presence of the peaks at mass Q.charge ratios 19 and 31.
mass Q.charge ratio
(iii) Suggest what compound AB3 is.
(5 marks)

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