University of Toronto at Scarborough

Department of Computer and Mathematical Sciences

Midterm Test
MATA23 - Linear Algebra I
Examiner: R. Grinnell Date: June 20, 2012
Time: 5:00 pm
Duration: 120 minutes
Provide the following information:
(Print) Surname:
(Print) Given Name(s):
Student Number:
Signature:
Tutorial Number (e.g. TUT0023):
Carefully circle the name of your Teaching Assistant:
Pinar COLAK Mikhail GUDIM Charles TSANG
Carefully read these instructions:
1. This test has 11 numbered pages. It is your responsibility to check at the beginning of the
test that all of these pages are included.
2. Answer all questions in the work space provided. If you need extra space, use the back of a
page or the last page, and indicate clearly the location of your continuing work.
3. Full points are awarded for Part B solutions only if they are correct, complete, and suciently
display concepts and methods of MATA23.
4. The following are forbidden at your workspace: any kind of calculator, laptop computers,
Blackberrys, cell-phones, I-Pods, MP-3 players, extra paper, textbooks, or notes.
5. You are encouraged to write in pen or other ink, not pencil. Tests written in pencil will be
denied any regrading privilege.
6. Notation: the matrix I will always mean an identity matrix of an appropriate size.
1
.
Print letters for the True/False questions in these boxes.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Do not write anything in the boxes below.
Part A
20
Part B
1 2 3 4 5 6
15 11 13 12 17 12
Total
100
2
Part A - True/False Questions For each of the following assertions, answer T (= True)
if and only if the assertion is always true. Otherwise, answer F (= False). Print the letter of
the answer you think is most correct in the box at the top of page 2. Each right answer
earns 2 points and each wrong answer earns 0 points (there is no penalty for guessing, so do not
leave any blanks !) Justication is neither required nor rewarded, but a small workspace is provided
for your calculations and rough work.
1. If [A | b] and [C | d] are row-equivalent augmented matrices, then
the systems of linear equations A

x =

b and C

x =

d have the same solution sets.
2. If a system of linear equations has more unknowns than equations, then it has innitely many
solutions.
3. There are exactly two unit vectors that are perpendicular to any given non-zero vector in R
n
where n 2.
4. The column space of an mn matrix is a subspace of R
m
.
5. It is sucient to only nd a row-echelon form of an augmented matrix [A | b] in order to
determine whether the linear system A

x =

b is inconsistent, or has a unique solution, or
has innitely many solutions.
3
6. If M is a 2 2 matrix such that M
2
= I, then M
k
= I for all integers k 2.
7. If A is an invertible n n matrix and is row-equivalent to B, then both A and B are row
equivalent to I.
8. If P and Q are 2 2 matrices, then P
2
Q
2
= (P Q)(P + Q)
9. An n n matrix G is invertible if and only if a solution to the matrix equation G

x =

0 is
the trivial solution.
10. If S is a set of one or more non-zero vectors in R
n
, then it is always possible to enlarge S to
become a basis for R
n
.
(Be sure you have printed the answers in the boxes on page 2)
4
Part B - Full Solution Problem Solving
1. In all of this question let
A =
_

_
1 2 1 0 1
2 4 1 2 0
1 2 0 2 2
_

_ .
(a) Find the rref(A). You need not label the row operations. [5 points]
(b) Find a basis for Nul(A). [4 points]
(c) Find a basis for Col(A) consisting of some columns of A. [3 points]
(d) Find the orthogonal projection of the 2nd column of A onto the span of the 3rd column
of A. [3 points]
5
2. Find the inverse of
B =
_

_
1
5
1
5
2
5
1
5
1
5
1
10
1
5
4
5
1
10
_

_
and check your answer by multiplication. [11 points]
6
3. (a) Use correct mathematical notation to dene what is meant by a subspace of R
n
.
[4 points]
(b) Prove that the set V = {[x, 3y, y] | x, y R} is a subspace of R
3
. [5 points]
(c) Find the dimension of the subspace W = sp
_
[1, 2, 3], [3, 5, 0], [5, 1, 6], [2, 4, 6]
_
.
[4 points]
7
4. (a) Carefully dene what is meant by an elementary matrix. [3 points]
(b) Express the matrix A =
_
_
_
3 5 0
1 2 0
0 0 1
_
_
_ as a product of elementary matrices. Be sure to
show all of your work. [9 points]
8
5. (a) Use correct mathematical notation to carefully dene what is meant by the span of
vectors

v
1
,

v
2
, . . . ,

v
k
in R
n
. [3 points]
(b) Let

u = [1, 3, 2] and

v = [1, 4, 6]. Show that

w = [a, b, c] sp(

u ,

v ) if and
only if

w is perpendicular to the vector

n = [10, 8, 7]. [9 points]
(c) Is the set S = {

u ,

v ,

i } a linearly independent subset of R
3
? Justify your answer.
[5 points]
9
6. (a) The triangle inequality states that for vectors

u and

v in R
n
,

u +

u +

v .
Prove the triangle inequality (Hint: use the Schwarz inequality). [6 points]
(b) For n 3, let K
n
be the n n matrix each of whose entries is the number 1.
Prove that
_
I K
n
_
1
= I
1
n 1
K
n
[6 points]
10
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11