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13 SHIP OUTFITTING

13.1 AIMS OF THE LECTURE

a) To explore the ships typical outfits.
b) To examine various methods in carrying out ship outfitting

13.2 SHIP OUTFITS

a) What is ship outfit
Ship outfit is a set of machinery and/or equipment of a ship that comprises particular function
of the ship. Ship outfits cover a wide range of items depended on the type, size, and mission
of the ship. In general ships outfits can be categorised into five groups which include:
Ship operation outfits,
Cargo handling outfits,
Safety and environmental control related outfits,
Ship control system outfits.
Ship accommodation outfits

b) Ship operation outfits
Ship operational outfits are machinery and equipment that related to the operation of the ship,
they are the most complex ship system, and involve high number of items.
Propulsion system outfits
These are the outfits that support the operation of the propulsion system, which include:
propeller, propeller shaft, gear box, shaft and propeller lubrication system, etc.








Figure 13.1 Ship propulsion system

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Manoeuvring system outfits
Manoeuvring system outfits are the machineries and equipment that control the handling
system of the ship such as: rudder, steering gear, steering gear hydraulic and piping
system, stabiliser, steering gear and rudder control system, etc.











Main engine system outfits
These are the outfits that support the operation of the main engine such as: heat
exchanger, fresh and sea water pumps, fuel oil pump, lubrication pump, fuel daily tank,
all the related piping system, main engine control and monitoring system, etc.









Figure 13.2 Ship maneuvering system
Figure 13.3 Main engine system

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Electrical and electronics system outfits
The electrical system outfits cover wide range of items from electric generation engines
and machineries, electrical load and distribution control equipment, electrical and
electronic cables, navigation and communication devices etc.
























Figure 13.5 Electric control panel
Figure 13.4 Electric generator engine

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Mooring and anchoring system outfits
Mooring and anchoring system outfits are machinery and equipment that are used for
mooring and anchoring the ship. They include: winch and windlass, bollard, fairlead, and
all related equipment.









Ship tanks outfits
There is much type of tanks in the ship and each of them is dedicated for a particular
purpose such as Water ballast tank, fresh water tank, fuel oil tank, etc., typical outfits
related to these tanks are: various functional pipes and pumps, tank cleaning system, etc.









For oil tanker the pipe outfits would also include cargo piping system which will be covered
in cargo handling outfits section.

Figure 13.6 Bollard
Figure 13.7 Fairlead
Figure 13.8 Tank pipes

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c) Cargo handling outfits

Cargo handling outfits are the equipment and machineries used for cargo handling, cargo
securing, and cargo protection, and very much depended on the type of ship, these may
include: cargo cranes, hatch cover and its system, cargo stacking devices, cargo pumps, cargo
piping system, conveyor, inert gas installation, tank monitoring system etc.
























Figure 13.9 Hatch cover
Figure 13.10 Tank monitoring system



























d) Safety and environmental control

Safety and environmental control related outfits are the equipment that mainly required by
statutory rules and regulations
control purposes, therefore the
regulations. This equipment would include:
Davits and life boats
Life rafts stands and launcher
Life buoy hangers
Life jacket lockers
Fire fighting system
Smoke and fire detecting system
Oily water separator
Bilge pipes and pumps











Figure 13.12 Heat detector
and environmental control related outfits
Safety and environmental control related outfits are the equipment that mainly required by
statutory rules and regulations for the safety of human and the ship,
therefore their number, capacity, and locations should be
equipment would include:
Life rafts stands and launcher
detecting system
pumps
Figure 13.11 Deck cargo crane
Heat detector Figure 13.13 Smoke detector
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Safety and environmental control related outfits are the equipment that mainly required by
and environmental
number, capacity, and locations should be referred to the
Smoke detector




















































Figure 13. Figure 13.14 Davit, lifeboat, and liferaft
Figure 13.15 CO
2
Fire fighting system
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e) Ship control outfits

Ship control outfits are the equipment used for controlling and monitoring various functional
systems in the ship, which include: Engine control system, bridge control system, electrical
distribution system, cargo loading monitoring etc. Many of these outfits are electric and
electronic operated devices.

























Figure 13.16 Oily water separator
Figure 13.17 Engine control system

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f) Ship accommodation outfits

Accommodation outfits are the equipment used for various functions in the accommodation
spaces, which would include:
Galley outfits
Cabin outfits
Mess room and lounge outfits
Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning outfits












Figure 13.18 Bridge control system
Figure 13.19 Ship accommodation

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Figure 13.20 Galley
Figure 13.21 Mess room

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Figure 13.22 Ventilation ducting
Figure 13.23 Insulation

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13.3 SHIP OUTFITTING METHODS

In shipbuilding outfitting can be defined as the process of installing non-structural
components, such as machinery, equipment, pipes, cables, ducts etc. That can run through
several compartments.

Processes associated with outfitting include painting, plumbing and electrical installation,
installation of engines and boilers, completion of super structure and deck equipment and
rigging, etc.

Traditionally outfitting planning is carried out manually by experts with extensive
experience, and the outfitting tasks are undertaken after the most of the structural works have
been accomplished on the building berth.

In the modern shipyards in order to increase productivity and to obtain better product quality,
there is a tendency to undertake the outfitting works as much as possible in the shop rather
than on the berth or after the ship being launched.

With the advancement of computer programming the outfitting arrangement tasks can be
done largely with the help of computer software, which is not only being used for planning
and evaluating but also can simulate the plan for analysing and optimising purposes.

In general ship outfitting can be categorised into two main stages i.e. pre-launch and post-
launch outfitting.

a) Pre and post launch outfitting
Pre-launch outfitting is the process of ship outfitting which is carried out prior of the
launching of the ship either in the workshop or on the building berth or dock, which are
known as one-block outfitting, and on-berth outfitting. While post-launch outfitting is the
process of ship outfitting conducted after the ship has been launched which is known as on-
board outfitting. On-board outfitting is carried out on the outfitting quay.

b) On-block outfitting
On-block outfitting is the stage of construction where most of the outfitting material is
installed onto the blocks. Outfitting materials installed on block consist of ventilation
systems, piping systems, doors, lights, ladders, railings, electrical assemblies and so on.
Many modules are also installed at the on-block stage. Throughout the on-block outfitting
stage, the block can be lifted, rotated and moved to efficiently facilitate installing outfitting
materials on the ceilings, walls and floors. All of the shops and services in the shipyard must
be in communication at the on-block stage to ensure that materials are installed at the right
time and place.
There are three approaches in conjunction with on-block outfitting i.e. advanced outfitting,
modular outfitting, and integrated hull construction outfitting and painting.

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Advanced outfitting
Advanced outfitting is an approach of doing the outfitting works as early as possible in
the shop when the structure is relatively simple, and therefore more access are available
for conducting the tasks, and the structure can be moved, rotated, and turned over to
facilitate down hand welding, which will affect the quality and efficiency of the work
being done.
Advanced outfitting is carried out immediately after the panels and sub-assemblies
construction have been completed.









Figure 13.25 Advanced outfitting
Figure 13.24 On-block outfitting

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Modular outfitting
Modular outfitting is an approach for doing the outfitting works by grouping the outfit
components in accordance to their functional system or zones and welded them on
structural frames, so that it can be lifted and attached to the block in the shop or on berth
after its completion. Products of the modular outfitting are called modules.











IHOP
Integrated Hull-construction Outfitting and Painting or IHOP in an approach to increase
the efficiency of ship production process by constructing the block as complete as
possible while it is still in the assembly shop, when there is better access for doing the
outfitting tasks and then immediately paint the block before being moved to the building
berth or dock.
The objective of this approach is to minimise difficult tasks to be undertaken when the
blocks have been laid on the building dock or berth, where the access is limited and might
threaten the safety of the workers and the quality of the works.
IHOP approach actually integrates all the stages in the on-block outfitting process
including the painting of the block and its internal members.




Figure 13.26 Fuel oil piping module

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c) On-berth outfitting
On-berth outfitting is the process of continuing the outfitting works when the blocks and units
have already positioned on the building berth or dock. The works involve in the on-berth
outfitting such as connecting the piping system, welding and bolting the modules, connecting
the ventilation ducting system, and applying the insulation.
The amount of tasks to be carried out in the on-berth outfitting is related the completion level
of the on-block outfitting. If the completion percentage of outfitting during the block
fabrication is high then the percentage of outfitting on berth will be reduced.











Figure 13.27 IHOP block
Figure 13.28 On-berth outfitting

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d) On-board outfitting
On-board outfitting is the outfitting process that is conducted after the ship has been launched
and berthed at the outfitting quay.
On-board outfitting involves the process of installing large units on board the ship such as
cargo cranes, hatch covers, and sensitive equipment such as electronic devices, as well as
completing the rest of the outfitting tasks that have not yet been accomplished in the on-block
and on-berth outfitting stages.











13.4 CONCLUDING REMARKS

a) Ship outfit is a set of machinery and/or equipment of a ship that comprises particular
function of the ship.

b) In general ships outfits can be categorised into: Ship operation outfits, Cargo handling
outfits, Safety and environmental control related outfits, Ship control system outfits, and
Ship accommodation outfits.

c) In shipbuilding outfitting can be defined as the process of installing non-structural
components.

d) Processes associated with outfitting include painting, plumbing and electrical
installation, installation of engines and boilers, completion of super structure and deck
equipment and rigging, etc.

e) Ship outfitting can be categorised as pre-launch outfitting, and post-launch outfitting.


Figure 13.29 On-board outfitting

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