Cardinoza, Ma. Teresa C.

20110110388

NAZISM
the body of political and economic doctrines held and put into effect by the Nazis in Germany from 1933 to 1945
including the totalitarian principle of government, predominance of especially Germanic groups assumed to be racially superior,
and supremacy of the fhrer

NAZI IDEOLOGICAL THEORY
According to Mein Kampf (My Struggle), Hitler developed his political theories after carefully observing the policies of
the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He was born as a citizen of the Empire, and believed that ethnic and linguistic diversity had
weakened it. Further, he saw democracy as a destabilizing force, because it placed power in the hands of ethnic minorities, who
he claimed had incentives to further "weaken and destabilize" the Empire.

The Nazi rationale was heavily invested in the militarist belief that great nations grow from military power, which in turn
grows "naturally" from "rational, civilized cultures." Hitler's calls appealed to disgruntled German Nationalists, eager to save face
for the failure of World War I, and to salvage the militaristic nationalist mindset of that previous era. After Austria and Germany's
defeat of World War I, many Germans still had heartfelt ties to the goal of creating a greater Germany, and thought that the use
of military force to achieve it was necessary.

According to Nazism, it is an obvious mistake to permit or encourage multilingualism and multiculturalism within a
nation. Fundamental to the Nazi goal was the unification of all German-speaking peoples, "unjustly" divided into different Nation
States. Hitler claimed that nations that could not defend their territory did not deserve it. Slave races, he thought of as less-
worthy to exist than "master races."

NAZI IDEOLOGY
National Socialist Program
Racism
o Especially anti-Semitism, which eventually culminated in the Holocaust.
o The creation of a Herrenrasse (Master Race= by the Lebensborn (Fountain of Life; A department in the Third
Reich)
o Anti-Slavism
o Belief in the superiority of the White, Germanic, Aryan or Nordic races.
Euthanasia and Eugenics with respect to "Racial Hygiene"
Anti-Marxism, Anti-Communism, Anti-Bolshevism
The rejection of democracy, with as a consequence the ending the existence of political parties, labour unions, and
free press.
Fhrerprinzip (Leader Principle) /belief in the leader (Responsibility up the ranks, and authority down the ranks.)
Strong show of local culture.
Social Darwinism
Defense of Blood and Soil (German: "Blut und Boden" - represented by the red and black colors in the Nazi flag)
"Lebensraumpolitik", "Lebensraum im Osten" (The creation of more living space for Germans)
Related to Fascism




MARXISM
Marxism is a worldview and method of societal analysis that focuses on class relations and societal conflict, that uses a
materialist interpretation of historical development, and a dialectical view of social transformation.
Marxism is the movement founded by Karl Marx and Frederick Engels which fights for the self-emancipation of
the working class, subjecting all forms of domination by the bourgeoisie, its institutions and its ideology, to theoretical and
practical critique.

Standing for the destruction of the capitalist state by the organized working class, Marxism is opposes all forms
of reformism and gradualism or evolutionary socialism; Marxism is Revolutionary.
Marxism shares with other progressive social movements an uncompromising hostility to all forms of domination
sexism, racism, and so on, but what marks Marxism out from other progressive movements is that Marxists struggle always to
overcome the manifold forms of domination and exploitation in and through the self-emancipation of the working class. Thus
Marxism is Revolutionary Socialism.

While Marxism stands for the destruction of the capitalist state, and has as its aim the withering away of the state
and all forms of institutionalized violence, Marxists not only support the right of the working class to exercise a domination over
the bourgeoisie, they actively fight for that, since the dictatorship of the proletariat is the possible way to destroy bourgeois rule
and open the way to the disappearance of all classes, including the class of wage-slaves. Marxism has its origins in the struggle
for this perspective, in opposition to anarchism which seeks to undermine all forms of authority and seeks destruction of the
capitalist state without promoting and preparing the working class for the seizure and holding of public political power.

Marxism is a tendency within the workers movement and it is concerned with both theoretical and practical critique. By
practical critique is meant political action which undermines and exposes the object and mobilizes opposition to it. In the
history of the movement, these two sides the theoretical and the practical have from time to time become separated from
one another; one the one side academic Marxism working on theoretical questions in relative isolation from the workers
movement, on the other genuine communists doing battle for the working class, but isolated from the creative development of
revolutionary Marxist ideas.

Furthermore, although Marxism is a movement rather than simply a tendency, within the workers movement, and a
movement which at certain point in its history has been organized in a single world-wide organization (The First [Working Mens]
International in 1864, the Second [Socialist] International in 1889 and the Third [Communist] International in 1919), this is not the
case today; Marxism is a movement which is fragmented into many parts and tendencies, none of which completely embody the
history and achievements of the Marxist movement, but all of which in one way or another are connected in the 150-year history
of the movement since it was founded in 1848 with the publication of the Communist Manifesto.









LIBERALISM
Liberalism is a political philosophy or worldview founded on ideas
of liberty and equality. Liberals espouse a wide array of views depending on their understanding of
these principles, but generally they support ideas such as free and fair elections, civil rights, freedom
of the press, freedom of religion, free trade, and private property.

Liberalism first became a distinct political movement during the Age of Enlightenment, when it
became popular among philosophers and economists in the Western world. Liberalism rejected the
notions, common at the time, of hereditary privilege, state religion, absolute monarchy, and the Divine
Right of Kings. The 17th century philosopher John Locke is often credited with founding liberalism as a
distinct philosophical tradition. Locke argued that each man has a natural right to life, liberty
and property and according to the social contract, governments must not violate these rights. Liberals
opposed traditional conservatism and sought to replace absolutism in government with representative
democracy and the rule of law.

The revolutionaries of the Glorious Revolution, American Revolution, segments of the French
Revolution, and other liberal revolutionaries from that time used liberal philosophy to justify the
armed overthrow of what they saw as tyrannical rule. The 19th century saw liberal governments
established in nations across Europe, Spanish America, and North America.[8] In this period, the
dominant ideological opponent of liberalism was classical conservatism. During the 20th century,
liberal ideas spread even further, as liberal democracies found themselves on the winning side in both
world wars. Liberalism also survived major ideological challenges from new opponents, such
as fascism and communism. In Europe and North America, there was also the rise of social
liberalism, which is related with social democracy in Europe. The meaning of the word "liberalism"
began to diverge in different parts of the world. According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, "In the
United States, liberalism is associated with the welfare-state policies of the New Deal program of
the Democratic administration of Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt, whereas in Europe it is more commonly
associated with a commitment to limited government and laissez-faire economic
policies." Consequently in the U.S., the ideas of individualism and laissez-faire economics previously
associated with classical liberalism, became the basis for the emerging school
of libertarian thought. Today, liberal political parties remain a political force with varying degrees of
power and influence on many countries

Liberalism is an ideology which advocates equality of opportunity for all within the framework
of a system of laws. It includes a belief in government as an institution whose primary function is to
define and enforce the laws. Since no one is above the law, the laws, and particularly, the higher law,
a Constitution, must be developed not solely by one ruler but by representatives of the elite groups.
Therefore, liberalism invariably involves a belief in the need for legislative bodies which represent the
influential groups. The Constitution then defines the power relationships between a single executive
and the legislature, and, as in the case of the United States, may also define a separate judiciary.
Liberalism is also very much concerned with allowing a maximum of freedom for the individual within
the context of a system of laws which limit interference with individual rights by government or by
other individuals. Hence the liberal ideology also invariably involves a bill of rights to define the rights
of individuals and especially to limit the power of government to interfere with those rights.