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S7-400 CPU 41x -- Product information -- Background and system information
What are the dif f erences between OPEN MODBUS / TCP Redundant V1 and OPEN MODBUS / TCP Redundant V2?
What is the dif f erence between "normal routing" and data record routing?
Which SIMATIC S7-300/S7-400 modules support the NTP time-of -day message and how do you activate this kind of
time synchronization?
Which manuf acturer ID, in other words OUI (Organizationally Unique Identif ier), does SIEMENS AG use f or the MAC
addresses of network-compatible devices?
What should you watch out f or when adding components or changing their parameters using CiR (Conf iguration in
Run)?
Which IO controllers and IO devices support the f ollowing f unctions: IRT, prioritized startup, MRP, PROFIenergy,
Shared device, I device and clock-synchronized mode?
Which types of connection/protocols do the S7-300/400 CPUs and the CPs support by def ault?
Which PROFINET nodes support automatic commissioning (device replacement without interchangeable medium) in
the case of topological conf iguration and device replacement without topological conf iguration?
Behavior of the CPU af ter power of f without back-up battery
I/O addressing with DP slaves
Which PROFINET nodes support the extended PN diagnostics and what do you have to conf igure?
What is the dif f erence between a restart (warm restart), cold restart and hot restart of a S7-400 CPU?
Which SIMATIC S7 modules support the "Direct Data Exchange" f unction (internode communication)?
What properties, advantages and special f eatures does the S7 Basis Communication of f er?
What properties, advantages and special f eatures does the global data communication of f er?
Which entries deal with consistent data in conjunction with distributed I/O?
What is the connection between subnet masks and IP addresses with regard to subnetting and supernetting
(Classless Inter Domain Routing CIDR)?
Which modules support the S7 routing f unction?
CPU does not work in RUN
What does "Correction f actor" mean in the "Diagnostics/Clock" tab of the CPU's Properties dialog?
What is multicomputing mode and what are the dif f erences to operating in the segmented subrack?
Dif f ering inf ormation on the requirement of of f line/ online memory
How can I get an overview of the S7-400 memory concept?
How can I get an overview of the S7-400 memory concept?
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Description:
This entry describes the memory concept for SIMATIC S7-400 CPUs and for SIMATIC S7-318 CPUs.
This is illustrated once again by a diagram at the bottom of the entry.
The memory in SIMATIC S7-400/S7-318 CPUs can be written to via the following 3 areas: load
memory, main memory and system memory.
Load memory:
The load memory can be divided into the external and the internal load memories. The internal
load memory is a RAM memory which is integrated into the CPU. Blocks can be transferred from
the programming device (PG) to the load memory in the CPU with "PLC/Load". The main memory
is updated here at the same time, whereby the runtime-relevant code and data blocks are
transferred to the main memory.
The load memory can be extended via a RAM memory card or a flash memory card. The memory
card then acts as the external load memory.
If you have a flash memory card plugged in, transfer blocks to the external load memory with
"PLC >Load user program onto memory card". However, in the case of "PLC >Load user program
onto memory card", the CPU has to be set to STOP mode first before the user program can be
transferred.
If you have a RAM memory card inserted, the program can be transferred to the CPU via "PLC >
Load". The main memory is also updated here at the same time, whereby the runtime-relevant
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code and data blocks are transferred to the main memory. The internal RAM load memory is filled
first. The other blocks are only written to the RAM memory card when it is full.
All the program blocks and data blocks can be loaded into the load memory via the
programming device (PG).
Expanding the load memory with a memory card:
The following points determine the decision on which memory card to use:
Do you wish to retain the user program on the memory card when the power
is OFF and without a back-up battery? If so, this would necessitate the use
of a flash memory card.
Warning:
If you use a flash memory card without back-up batteries, the blocks in the
RAM part of the load memory and the data (main memory and system
memory) will be lost when the power is OFF.
Do you wish to be able to change the user program in RUN mode, and is the
program too big for the internal RAM? If so, this would necessitate the use of
a RAM memory card. When using a RAM memory card, the system must
be battery-operated so as to back up the RAM memory card data and the
data in the internal RAM if there is a power failure.
If you have a memory card inserted, the operating system asks for a overall reset
(STOP LED flashes slowly at 0.5 Hz). You can initiate the reset procedure as
follows: Move the switch to MRES position and then back to STOP again. The
STOP LED then flashes for at least 3 seconds at a rate of 2 Hz (overall reset is
performed) and, after that, lights up permanently. If you have a flash memory card
inserted, following the overall reset the CPU copies the user program and the saved
system parameters from the flash memory card to the main memory.
Important:
The memory card must remain inserted while the program is being processed. If
you insert or remove the memory card while the power is ON, the CPU asks for an
overall reset whereby the STOP LED flashes slowly at 0.5 Hz. If you insert or
remove the memory card while the power is OFF, the CPU performs an overall reset
automatically after being switched back on.
Main memory:
The main memory is divided into two parts. One of the parts is used for the runtime-relevant code.
The process input image (PII), the process output image (POI) and the diagnostics buffer are also
saved in the main memory for the code. The other part of the main memory is used for the
runtime-relevant data and also contains the data from the local data stack. The main memory is a
battery-backed RAM.
If you change the division of the main memory by means of parameter assignment in "HW Config
> Object properties > ...", the main memory is reorganized when the system data is loaded into
the CPU. As a result, data blocks which have been generated by SFC are deleted, and the other
data blocks are preset with initial values from the load memory. The portion of the main memory
which can be used for code or data blocks is changed when the system data is loaded whenever
you change the following parameters:
- Size of the process image (in bytes; in the "Cycle/Clock marker" tab)
- Communication resources (in the "Memory" tab)
- Size of the diagnostics buffer (in the "Diagnostics/Clock" tab)
- Quantity of local data for all priority classes ("Memory" tab)
If you change the system data, you need to allow for the following storage requirements during
parameter assignment:
Parameter Main memory required In the code/data
memory
Size of the process image 12 bytes per byte in the process input image Code memory
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(inputs)
Size of the process image
(outputs)
12 bytes per byte in the process output image Code memory
Communication resources
(communication jobs)
72 bytes per communication job Code memory
Size of the diagnostics
buffer
32 bytes per entry in the diagnostics buffer Code memory
Quantity of local data 1 byte per byte of local data in the data
memory
Data memory
System memory:
The system memory (RAM) contains the memory elements which any CPU makes available to
the CPU, such as markers (M), times (T) and counters (Z). Moreover, the system memory also
contains the block stack and the interrupt stack. There is also temporary memory capacity in the
CPU's system memory reserved for the local data stack, for the diagnostics buffer and for
communication resources. This data in the system memory's temporary memory only remains
valid while the block is active. Once the block has been closed, the data is no longer retained in
the main memory (temporary local data).
Note:
Program processing takes place exclusively in the area of the main memory and system
memory.
How the CPU behaves after POWER ON
After the power is switched ON, a check is performed first to determine whether or not the power supply
is backed up.
If POWER ON is backed up, the system performs the start-up mode (re-start, new start, cold start)
which is selected in the CPU properties/Start-up in the hardware configuration.
If POWER On is not backed up and there is a flash memory card inserted, the runtime-relevant code
and data blocks are transferred from the load memory to the main memory.
Important:
The memory concept for the SIMATIC CPU 318-2DP is similar to that for the SIMATIC S7-400 CPUs.
Fig. 01

Further information and notes
Further information about the data for the individual CPUs can be found in the manual
"Automation System S7-400 Setup and Use", Chap. 2.2 Entry ID 22586851
Further information about the acceleration properties/behavior (cold start, warm start, ...) can be
found in the manual "Automation System S7-400 CPU Data", Chap. 4.2 Entry ID 14016796
Notes about the different types of memory cards can be found in "Automation System S7-400
CPU Data", Chap. 1.5 Entry ID 14016796
Notes on resetting the CPU can be found in the manual "Automation System S7-400 Setup",
Chap. 6.5 Entry ID 1117849
Notes about the behavior of the CPU after POWER OFF without a back-up battery can be found
in Entry ID 1994237
Keywords:
CPU selection, Memory cards
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Entry ID:7302549 Date:2006-06-28
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