Mechanism of action for each class of

anti-Arrythmic drugs?
Use the Mnemonic: NBKC
I - Sodium Channel Blockers
II - Beta Blockers
III K+ channel Blockers
IV - Calcium Channel Blockers

Class IA Antiarrythmics
Quinidine
Procainamide
is!"rimide
Class IB Antiarrythmics
#idoicaine
$ocainide
Me%iletine
Phen"toin
Class IC Antiarrythmics
&cainide
'lecanide
Pro!o!henone

10 Class II antiarrythmics
PP&S$-B#((C
Pindalol
Pro!ranolol
&smolol
Sotalol
$imolol
Buto%olol
#a)etalol
(tenolol
(ce)utalol
Car*edilol
Longest acting Beta blocker:
Pro!ranolol
hortest acting Beta blocker:
&smolol
Beta blocker that is also !" channel
blocker:
Sotolol
Beta blockers used to treat glaucoma
$imolol
Car*adalol
Beta blocker that is also an al#ha blocker
#a)atalol+ Car*etalol
Beta blocker that is also an agonist
Pindalol
(tenolol
(ce)utalol
MC location and function for Beta1
rece#tors?
CNS Increased acti*it"
Ciliar" Muscles o, e"e to !roduce
a-ueus humor
S( Node to increase ./ and
Contractilit"
(l!ha cells o, !ancreas to increase
0luca1on
20 cells o, kidne" to increase /enin
release
MC location $ function of % rece#tors?
Ciliar" muscles o, e"e to !roduce
a-ueus humor
Bronchial Smooth muscle to
)ronchodilate
Ventricles to Increase Contractilit"
Beta Cells o, Pancreas to cause Insulin
/elease
Uterus and )ladder to cause rela%ation

electi&e '&s- (on-selecti&e beta
blockers?
(-M 3-#C4 Selecti*e 1
N-53+#C4 Nonselecti*e

Antiarrythmic causing hemolysis $
thrombocyto#enia
Quinidine
)astest acting (a" channel blocker
#idocaine
* antiarrythmics that block +,- of
sodium channels
&cainide
'lecanide
Pro!o!henone
Antiarrythmic that Causes Cinchinism
Phen"toin
Antiarrythmics that cause #ulmonary
fibrosis
$ocainide
(miodarone
Antiarrythmics that cause .ingi&al
/y#er#lasia
Phen"toin
Antiarrythmic that causes hersutism
Phen"toin
Antiarrythmics used to treat 010
Quinidine
Procainamide
Phen"toin
Antiarrythmic that is contraindicated in
010
i1italis
Antiarrythmics 2sed to 3reat &entricular
arrythmias
Class I antiarr"thmics
Antiarrythmics 2sed to
3reat Atrial Arrythmias
Class IV antiarr"thmics
Antiarrythmics that causes blue skin
4murf syndrome5
(miodarone
Antiarrythmics causing Bad .I u#set
Me%iletine
Antiarrythmic that causes /y#er6hy#o-
thyroidism
(miodarone
Antiarrythmics 2sed to decrease
&asos#asms after subarrachnoid
hemorrhage7
Nimodi!ine

ym#toms of cinchinism?
$innitus
.earin1 loss
$hrom)oc"to!enia

38o action of 9igitalis?
Blocks !otassium arm o, N(-K
($Pase causin1 increased contraction
Stimulates *a1us+ slo6in1 ./7
1ulmonary fibrosis :;
Busul,an
Bleom"cin
$ocainide
(miodarone

0hat is the most common <3 in
teenagers?
8ol,-Parkinson 8hite
1athology of 010?
$here is an accessor" !ath6a" ,rom S(
node )"!assin1 (V node to *entricle called
the Bundle o, Kent7
0hy are * (a" blocker used to treat
010?
$he" are )oth Na+ and Ca9+ channel
)lockers7
=!. finding of 010?
elta 6a*es7

Pharmacolo1" : o, ::
Antiarrythmic made from iodine?
(miodarone
(ame the class I< antiarrythmics
Vera!amil
itia;em
Ni,edi!ine
Nicardi!ine
Nimodi!ine
(mlodi!ine
'emlodi!ine

Cardioselecti&e class I< antiarrythmics?
Vera!amil
iltia;em

Most #otent Class I< antiarrythmic?
Vera!amil

> !" Channel Blockers:
(miodarone
Bret"lium
N(P( N(cet"l-Procainamide4
Sotalol
/o8 do you determine 8hen to use
9o#amine '&s-9obutamine?
oButamine #o6 ./
oPamine &le*ated ./

:ece#tor 9o#amine affect 1
st
? %
nd
? at high
doses
9- ilate Kidne" < 0I $P/
Beta : ./ < Contractilit"
(l!ha : Vasoconstrict

0hat conditions gi&e you hock $
Bradycardia?
Choliner1ic crisis
.eart Block
Clues for Cinchonism
$initis
.earin1 #oss
$hrom)oc"to!enia
(ame @ Antimetabolite Chemothera#y
drugs
(/(-(
(/(-C
(;othi!rine
=-'U
>-Merca!to!urine
Methotre%ate
$hio1uanadine
0hich cancer are treated 8ith
antimetabolites?
'ast 1ro6in1 cancers
0hich cancers are treated 8ith
alkylating agents?
( slo6 1ro6in1 cancer
,-)2 is use to treat 8hich cancer?
uke sta1e C Colon Cancer in com)ination
6ith le*amisole
* drugs used to treat steroid resistant
disease
Methotre%ate
(;othio!rine
C"clos!orin
,-)2 mechanism of action Inhi)its
$h"midilate s"nthetase
Methoter;ate mechanism of action
Inhi)its dih"dro,olate reductase
3o 8hat substance is A-Merca#to#urine
metaboliBed
Uric acid
/o8 do alkylating agents 8ork?
$he" )ind dsN( and !re*ent it ,rom
un6indin1 ,or re!lication
(ame 1* alkylating agent
Chemothera#y drugs
(driam"cin
(cridine
Bleom"cin
Busul,an
Chloram)acil
C"clo!hos!hamide
Cis!latin
acar)a;ine
."dro%"urea
Iso!hos!hamide
Mitom"cin
Mechlorethamine
Procar)a;ine
9rugs that cause #ulmonary fibrosis
Bleom"cin
Busul,an
(miodarone
$ocainide
)a&orite Alkylating agent
Cloram)ucil
)a&orite Antimetabolite
Methotre%ate
9rug that causes cardiac fibrosis
(driam"cin 3o%aru)icin4
Chemo drug that causes hemorrhagic
cystitis
C"clo!hos!hamide
Chemo drug that causes renal failure
Cis!latin
Chemo drug used to treat sickle Cell
."dro%"urea
/o8 does hydro;yurea 8ork?
It inhi)its /i)onucleotide /eductase
0hich t8o alkylating agents form free
radicals
C"clo!hos!hamide
(driam"cin
:escue for #atient on Adriamycin
esro%a;ine /escue
:escue for #atient on Cyclo#hos#hamide
M&SN( /escue
:escue for #atient on Methotre;ate
#euco*orin /escue
3hree alkylating agents used to treat
/odgkins Lym#homa
Mechlorethamine
acar)a;ine
Procar)a;ine
(ame @ microtubule Inhibitor
chemothera#y drugs
Vincristine
Vin)lastine
Paclita%el
(ame 1 nutrient de#leater chemothera#y
drugs
#-(!ara1inase
(ame 1 immune modulator
#e*amisole
/o8 does Le&amisole 8ork?
It enhances NK cells
0hich Microtubule inhibitor causes
neuro#athies?
Vincristine
0hich Microtubule inhibitor causes
a#lastic anemia?
Vin)lastine
0hich Microtubule inhibitor inhibits
microtubules after they are made?
Paclita%il
)or 8hat cancer is 1aclita;il used?
Breast
0hat is the main side effect of L-
arginase?
(na!h"la%is
Pharmacolo1" 9 o, ::
ym#toms of Cholinergic crisis
L29.=
ali*ation
Lacrimation
2rination
9e,ication
.I U!set
=mesis
ym#toms of Anticholinergic crisis
/ot as a .are
9ry as a Bone
:ed as a Beet
Mad as a .atter 3Cra;"4
.i&e the location of Al#ha 1 rece#tors
/adial muscles o, the e"e to cause
M"driasis 6ithout c"clo!led1ia
(ll s!hincters
(rteries to constrict
.i&e the location of Al#ha % rece#tors
(ll Pres"na!tic s"m!athetic ,i)ers to
inhi)it N&
Beta cell o, the !ancreas to I.N Insulin
0hat drugs are used to treat /3( in
#regnancy?
(l!ha-meth"l o!a
."drali;ine
(ame * al#ha % agonists
(l!ha-Meth"l o!a
0uana)en;
Clonidine
ide effect of Clonidine
/e)ound .$N
ide effect of al#ha-methyl 9o#a
.emol"tic anemia
Anticholinergic drugs
(tro!ine
Sco!alomine
0l"co!"rrolate
Bentro!ine
$rihe%"!henad"l
0hich anticholinergic is the drug of
choice for heart block?
(tro!ine
0hich anticholinergic is used to treat
dystonia?
Ben;tro!ine
% Anticholinergics used dry u# secretions
#re-C1?
(tro!ine
Sco!alomine
0hich Ach= inhibitor is used to diagnose
Myesthenia .ra&is?
&dro!honium
0hich Ach= inhibitor is used to 3reat
Myesthenia .ra&is?
Neosti1mine
P"ridost"1mine
0hy is #hysostigmine not used to treat
Myethenia .ra&is?
$oo much CNS !enetration causin1
dro6siness
Anticholinergic used to treat
organo#hos#hate #oisoning
(tro!ine
0hat is the mechanism of action of
:olo;afen and 3omo;afen?
IN. estro1en rece!tor at !ituitar" and
Breast
Pro-estro1en at )one
Pro-estro1en at li*er
0hich estrogen rece#tor blocker
#romotes enometrial cancer? /o8?
$omo%a,en
Because it stimulates the &ndometrium
List % al#ha blockers used to treat B1/
$era;ocin
o%a;ocin
0hat is the MCA of )inesteride?
It is a =-(l!ha-reductase inhi)itor
0hat are the treatment o#tions for B1/?
?:- $era;ocin+ o%a;ocin
?9- 'inesteride
?@-$U/P
MCA of /e#arin
Co,actor ,or ($III 6ith allo6 inhi)ition o,
$hrom)ine and ,actors A-:9
MCA of 0arfarin
I.N Vitamin K and there)" ,actors :B+ A+ C+
9+ Protein C+ and Protein S
)or 8hat is <itamin ! needed?
0ama-car)o%"lation in the li*er
0hat drug can be used acutely to inhibit
.1IIb:IIIa?
()sci%ama)
(ame three drugs that can be used to
inhibit A91 #roduction in the clotting
cascade
$iclo!idine
Clo!ido1rel
i!"ridamole
0hich are the side effects of 3iclo#idine?
Sei;ures
(1ranuloc"tosis
Clue for 9i#yridamole
Vasodilator used a,ter MI to dilate
coronaries
Clue for Clo#idogrel
ecreased mortalit" in com)ination 6ith
(S( in those 6ith risk ,actors
:D for 1C1
$rimetha!rimDSul,ametho%a;ole
:; )or 1atients Allergic to 3M162L)A
Pentamidine
:D for Leishmania
St")o1luconate
3reat MAI 8ith
Clarithrom"cin7
Best :; for C7dif colitis
Vancom"cin
Current :; for C79if colitis
Metronida;ole
1regnant 8omanEs rectum culture
returns 4"5 for .rou# B tre#7 :; 8ith?
(m!icillin
3reatment for /ook8orms
Me)enda;ole
Ston1"loides
$hia)enda;ole
0hat is the treatment for flat8orms?
."closamine < Niclosamine
/o8 do /yclosamine $ (iclosamine
8ork?
$he" !aral";e the 6ormEs ner*ous s"stem
0hat drugs are used to treat Malaria?
Chloro-uine
Me,loro-uine
Prima-uine
Quinine
Cne dose treatment for candidiasis?
'lucona;ole

Pharmacolo1" @ o, ::
ImidaBole that crosses 4BBB5?
'lucona;ole

ImidaBole inhibits 1>,0?
Ketocona;ole
/o8 is it treated?
$inea Ca!itis - 0riseo,ul*in
$he In,ection 3Sta!h (ureus4 - (nti)iotics
$he In,lammator" in,ection Steroids
:; for LFM=G disease?
Penicillin 'irst #ine
$etrac"lcinis
> drugs you can use to treat /er#es?
Penc"clo*ir - $I
(c"clo*ir - 'i*e 3=4 times a da"
emc"co*ir - $I
Vanc"clo*ir BI
:; for CM<
0anc"clo*ir
:; for hingles
'amc"clo*ir
:; for :<
/i)a*arin
:; used to so# &iral uncoating
/amantidine
(mantidine
:; used to so# &iral uncoating
/amantidine
(mantidine
/o8 soon must :amantidine $
Amantadine must be gi&en?
8ithin se*ent"-t6o 3C94 hours o, e%!osure
0hy do you #rofiles contacts of #eo#le
8ith InfluenBa 8ith Amantadine for t8o
4%5 8eeks?
Because I1M takes t6o 394 6eeks to sho6
u!7
= of :amantadine $ Amantadine
(nticholiner1ic Side e,,ects
Anticholinergic -&s- ym#athetic drugs?
(nticholiner1ic dru1s 6ill not allo6 "ou to
s6eat+ )ut S"m!athetic dru1s 6ill7
0hy is Amantadine used in 1arkinson
disease?
(mantadine !romotes o!amine release
/o8 does griseoful&in 8ork?
It inhi)its microtu)ules leadin1 to inhi)ition
o, ,un1al re!lication7

/o8 is .riseoful&in deli&ered to the
infected site?
$hrou1h the s6eat
/o8 do the I<6Cral antifungal 8ork?
B" inhi)itin1 the s"nthesis o, &r1osterol
3o#ical4creams5 antifungal 8ork by?
$he" )ind to &r1osterol and destro" it
3Poke holes in the mem)rane4
0hat to#ical antifungal is #arenteral?
(m!hotericin B

/y#erkalemia " Am#hotericin mean?
S"stemic $o%icit" due to destruction o,
cholesterol in the cell mem)rane leadin1 to
leakin1 o, K+ into c"to!lasm7
/y#okalemia " Am#hotericin mean?
Ne!hoto%icit" due to destruction o, the
cholesterol in the kidne" cells and K+ leaks
out in urine7

ide =ffects of Am#hotericin?
."!okalemia
."!erkalemia
/enal 'ailure
% fungal infections :; by .riseoful&in?
$inea Ca!itis and $inea Versicolor
0hat four drugs are used to treat
ana#hyla;is?
&!ine!herine
Steroids
Cromol"DNadacrom"l
(nti-.istamines
0hat is a side effect of Cromoly and
(adacromyl?
0I U!set
MCA of Cromoly and (adacromyl?
Sta)ili;e Mast Cell mem)ranes
0hich has a higher affinity for Al#ha
rece#tors =#ine#herine of
(ore#ine#herine?
Nore!ine!herine
0hat rece#tors does e#ine#hrine ha&e a
higer affinity for?
Beta /ece!tors
0hat rece#tors do first generation
antihistamines block?
.:
(ame , class I antihistamines
i!henh"dramine
."dro%a;ine
ramamine
Phen"l!ro!o!henolamine
Phenturamine
0hat sideeffect is seen 8ith 1
st
generation
anti-histamines?
Stron1 (nti-Choliner1ic e,,ects
Anti-histamine to :; motion sickness
ramamine
Anti-histamine that is #art of 1hen-1hen
Pheturamine
Anti-histamine #ulled off market due to
arrythmias
Phen"l!ro!anolamine
MC o&er-the-counter anti-histamine
i!henh"dramine 3Benedr"l4
Anti-histamine used to :; <ertigo
."dro%a;ine 3(dera%4
9isease 8here #erson #asses out 8ith
#ositional change
Beni1n Positional Verti1o
Clues for MinerEs disease
Verti1o ,rom Middle &ar
.earin1 #oss
$oo much &ndol"m!h
$initis
%
nd
generation Anti-/istamines
&!hedrine
Pseude!hedrine
Phen"le!hrine
C&er the counter %
nd
generation Anti-
/istamines
&!hedrine
%
nd
generation Anti-/istamine used to
treat (eurogenic hock
Phen"le!hrine
0hich %
nd
generation Anti-/istamines
Can be used to tighten s#hincters
Pseude!hedrine
Cnly class of drugs that gi&e Mydriasis
8ithout cyclo#legia?
(l!ha a1onists
(ame > /% blockers
Cimetidine
/initidine
'amotidine
Pharmacolo1" F o, ::
Ni;atidine
0hich /% blocker re&s u# the 1>,0
system?
Cimetidine
List 4,5 *
rd
.eneration Anti-/istamine
$er,enadine
#oratadine
Citreri;ine
'eso,enodine
(stema;ol
*
rd
.eneration Anti-/istamine can treat
both indoor and outdoor allergies
'e%o,enidine 3(lle1ra4
Benefit of *
rd
.eneration Anti-/istamine
Gnce a da" dosin1
0hat is a side effect of AC=-Inhibitors
and A:Bs?
(n1ioedema
+ Li&e <accines
MM:
BC.
:<
mall#o;
:ota&irus
1olio
Fello8 )e&er
<accines contraindicated 8ith egg allergy
MM/
In,luen;a
0hat changes are made in &accination at
age Ayo?
P$ d$
ro! .i)
If a child has any reaction to 913 8hat
should you do?
0i*e acellular Pertuus 3aP4
0hich li&e &accine cas still be gi&en to
AI9 #atients?
MM/
, actions of Anesthetics
(nesthesia $otal )lock o, sensor" in,o
(nal1esia Blocks !ain
Muscle /ela%ation
CNS de!ressant
Sensiti;e heart to N&
0hat com#lication of surgery is due to
the muscle rela;ation ability of
anesthetics?
(s!iration
Uninar" retention
ecrease 0I motilit"
/ela%ed dia!hram (telectasis
V$
Pneumonia
0hat % drugs are used for #ost-o#
urinary retention?
Car)achol
Bethanichol
0hich inhaled anesthetic does not
sensitiBe the heart to (=?
Iso,lurane
Inhaled anesthetic 8hich causes he#atic
necrosis?
.alothane )7c7 it contains Bromine
Cnly de#olariBing anesthetic used
Succin"l-Choline
Clues for !etamine
issociati*e (nesthesia
Patient is a6ake
Vi*id dreams on 6akin1
/o8 do all anesthetics 8ork?
$he" are sodium Channel )lockers
:ule for AMI9= '&s- =3=: anesthetics
I )e,ore HC(IN&I (mide 'at solu)le
No I )e,ore HC(IN&I &ster 6ater sol
0hat anesthetics cause Malignant
/y#erthermia?
Succin"l-Choloine
.alothane
0hat is the treatment for Malignant
/y#erthermia?
antroline
(ame 11 most common C#iates
.eroine
Methadone
Mor!hine
Me!eridine
'entan"l
Codeine
e%tromethor!han
."drocodone
#o!erimide
i!heno%"late
Penta;osin
0hat are three effects of C#iates
CNS e!ressants Mu-/ece!tors
(nal1esics Ka!!a-/ece!tors in S7C7
Muscle /ela%ants
Most abused C#iate
.eroine
C#iate used for (eurole# Anesthesia 8ith
:es#eridone
'entan"l
Longest acting C#iate
Methadone
MC used C#iate in hos#itals for se&ere
#ain?
Mor!hine
MC abused C#iate by #hysicians
Me!eridine does not constrict !u!ils
Most 1otent C#iate
'entan"l
C#iate used for Mild6Moderate #ain
Codeine
MC o&er-the-counter C#iate
e%tromethor!han
C#iates that can be used as Antitussi&es
Codeine
e%tromethor!han
C#iate that comes in a #atch form
'entan"l
C#iate that does not constrict the
s#hincter of Cdi
Me!eridine
C#iate that causes /istamine release
Mor!hine
C#iate that causes Catecholamine release
Me!eridine
C#iate that should not be used in head
inHuries b7c7 it causes cerebral edema
Mor!hine
C#iate used to 8eak #atient off /eroine
Methadone
C#iate used for moderate #ain
."drocodone
Codeine
C#iates used to treat diarrhea
#o!erimide 3#omotil4
i!heno%ilate 3Imodium4
C#iate that is also a blocker
Penta;osin
, Anti-Inflammatory effect of steroids
Kill $-Cells and Macro!ha1es
Pharmacolo1" = o, ::
Inhi)it Macro!ha1e Mi1ration
Inhi)it Phos!holi!ase (9
Inhi)it Mast Cell de1ranulation
Sta)ili;e &ndothelium
9rugs to treat #arkinsonism
B - Bromocri!tine
A - (mantadine
L ' #e*odo!aDCar)ido!a
- Sele1eline
A ' (nti-Choliner1ics
(ame the teroid used 1C
Prednisone
(ame the teroid used 3o#ically
."drocortisone
(ame the teroid used I<
Meth"l!renisalone
(ame the teroid used as and inhaler
$riamcinalone
teroid 8ith the best C( #enetration
e%amethasone
teroid 8ith best mineralocorticoid
action
'ludrocortisone
teroid used for nasal allergies
'uticasone
Nematosone
teroid used to stimulate surfactant
#roduction is #remature babies
Betamethasone
Beclmetasone
In 8hat #o#ulation is Cromalyn and
(adacramyl used?
(n" asthmatic that uses a )eta-a1onist more
than once a da"7
MCA for as#irinEs 4AA5 anti-
inflammatory action
Irri*ersi)l" inhi)ts c"clo-o%"1enase
MCA for (AI9Es
/e*ersi)l" inhi)ts c"clo-o%"1enase
2ses for AA
9
nd
Strokes
(## MIJs
ide =ffects of As#rin
0I Bleedin1
$initus
$hrom)oc"to!enia
0hen should you sto# AA in a #atient
1re-C1?
$6o 8eeks Pre-GP
MCA for AAEs Anti-Coagulation effects
Indication for (AI9Es
Mild to Moderate In,lammator" !ain
ide =ffects of (AI9Es
0I Bleed
/enal 'ailure
Interstitial Ne!hritis
Main C&er the counter (AI9
I)u!ro!hen
(AI9 used to close 19A
Indomethacin
(AI9 used for dysmenorrhea
Na!ro%"n
(AI9 as strong as Mor#hine
Ketoralac
(AI9 8ith Anti-Cholinergic =
C"clo)en;a!rine
(AI9 8ith .ABA effects for back #ain
Baclo!hen
Most #otent (AI9
?: Indomethacin
?9 Phen")uta;one
(AI9 used %
nd
line for .out
Indomethacin
0hat t8o drugs block Leucotriene
rece#tors?
5ir,urlekast
Montelekast
0hat drug inhibits Li#o;ygenase?
5ilutin
(ame * CCD inhibitors
Celeco%i)
/o,eco%i)
Valdeco%i)
0hich CCD Inhibitor contains ulfer?
Celeco%i)
MCA for sulfonylureas
Cause K+ in,lu% into the Islet cells and
cause release o, !re,ormed Insulin
0hich sulfonylureas enhance glucose
trans#ort into #eri#heral tissue?
0li!i;ide
0l")uride
/y#erglycemic drugs that Inhibit
.lucoase absor#tion in .I track
(scar)os
Mi1litol
(ame the 1
st
generation ulfonylureas
Chlor!r!amide
$ol)utamide
$ole;alide
(ame the %
nd
generation ulfonylureas
0li!i;ide
0l")uride
0hich sulfonylurea causes IA9/?
Chlor!ro!amide
ide effects of 1
st
generation
sulfonylureas
Sul,ur (ller1"
Interstitial Ne!hritis
.emol"tic (nemia
Methhemo1lo)inemia
/o8 does Metformin 8ork?
Inhi)its 1luconeo1enesis in the li*er
ide effect of Metformin
/eacts 6ith IV contrast dama1es kidne"
Se*ere Meta)olic (cidosis
4>5 /o#oglycemic drugs that u#regulate
insulin rece#tors
P"o1lita;one
$ro1lita;one
/e!a1linide
/o1lita;one
0hat blood gases 8ill you see 8ith
Immediate 4early5 AA to;icity?
/es! (lkalosis - PCG9 !.
MC gases seen 8ith AA to;icity?
Mi%ed - PCG9 !. .CG@-
0hat blood gases 8ill you see 8ith late
4obtunded6comatose5 AA to;icity?
Com)ined - PCG9 !. .CG@-
3reatment of AA o&erdose
.CG@-
List the Aty#icals
M"co!lasma
Chlam"dia
Pharmacolo1" > o, ::
#e1ionella
Ureo!lasma
im#le .m4-5
&7Coli
.7 In,luen;a
MCA of Iuinalones
Inhi)it $o!oisomerase
Co&erage of Iuinalones
(ll 0M3+4 + Sta!h aureus
Sim!le 0m3-4
(## (t"!icals
(ame the Juinaolones
Ci!ro,lo%acin
0ati,lo%acin
G,lo%acin
Nor,lo%acin
$ro*o,lo%acin
0hich Juinalone caused li&er failure
$ro*o,lo%acin
0hich Juinalone is the most acidic
Nor,lo%acin
MCA of :ifam#in
Inhi)its Beta su)unit o, /N( Pol"merase
Co&erage of :ifam#in
$reatment ,or $B
Pro!h"la% contacts o, .7 In,luen;e
Pro!h"la% contacts o, Neissaria
ide effects of :ifam#in
Incr7 PF=B
M"ositis
.e!atitis
Gran1e Secretions
/o8 soon must you #ro#hyla; contact
8ith :ifam#in?
8ithin C9 hours
MCA of Macrolides
Inhi)it =Bs su)unit )" inhi)itin1
translocation
Co&erage of Macrolides
(ll 0M3+4 + Sta!h aureus
Sim!le 0m3-4
(## (t"!icals
ide effects of Macrolides
Inhi)it PF=B
0i U!set
"s1usia
(ame the macrolides
&r"throm"cin
Clarithrom"cin
(;ithrom"cin
Macrolide 8ith the longest K life
(;ithrom"cin
Antibiotic treatment for Mycobacterium
A&iun Intracellulare
(;ithrom"cin
Clarithrom"cin
Macrolide 8ith the most dysgusia
Clarithrom"cin
Macrolide 8ith the most .I 2#set
&r"throm"cin
Cne dose treatment for .C
Ce,tria%one 9=Bm1 IM
Ce,i%ime
Ce,o%etin
Ci!ro,lo%acin =BBm1 PG
0ati,lo%acin FBBm1 PG
G,lo%acin FBB m1 PG
MCA of Clindamycin
Inhi)it =Bs su)unit )" inhi)itin1
translocation
Co&erage of Clindamycin
(ll 0M3+4 + Sta!h aureus
Sim!le 0m3-4
(naero)es
MCC #seudomembranous colitis
Clindam"cin
MCA of 3etracyclines
Inhi)it @Bs su)unit )" inhi)itin1 t-/N(
(ame the 3etracyclines
$3F4
G%"tetrac"cline
Minoc"cline
o%"c"cline
amecoc"cline
Co&erage of 3etracyclines
(ll 0M3+4 minus Sta!h aureus
Sim!le 0m3-4
(## (t"!icals
/icketsial In,ections
3etracycline used to treat Acne
Minoc"cline
3etracycline that is /e#atically e;creted
o%"c"cline
3etracycline that blocks A9A rece#tors
in kidney and causes ne#hrogenic 9I
omicoc"cline
ide =ffects of 3etracyclines
0I U!set
Pill &so!ha1itis
Photosensiti*it"
'anconi s"ndrome
Binds Ca9+ in 0I
Incr7 PF=B
$urns teeth 0ra"
MCA of 1yramycin
Inhi)its the ( site o, the =Bs su)unit
MCA of Chloram#henicol
In)i)its the =Bs su)unit )" inhi)itin1
Pe!tid"l-$rans,erace
Co&erage of Chloram#henicol
0m3+4 + Sta!h (ureus
/icketsial In,ections
ide =ffects of Chloram#henicol
0ra" )a)" S"ndrome
(!lastic (nemia
/o8 does Chloram#henicol Cause gray
baby syndrome?
$he" Inhi)it &$C Com!le% IV
MCA of Aminoglycosides
Inhi)its the @Bs su)unit )" inhi)itin1 &'9
Co&erage for Aminoglycosides
(## 0ram ne1ati*es
/o8 do Aminoglycosides cause
neuroto;icity?
$he" Inhi)it the !res"na!tic in,lu% o,
Calcium
(ame the Aminoglycosides
.A 3oll (o !ash
. 0entam"cin
A (mikacin
Stre!tom"cin
- S!ectinom"cin
3 $o)ram"cin
( Neom"cin
! Kentam"cin
Aminoglycoside that is he#aticaaly
e;creted
(mikacin
Aminoglycosides used in tri#le antibiotic
Neom"cin
Pol"mi%in B
Bacitracin
Aminoglycoside 8ith the most side effects
Pharmacolo1" C o, ::
0entam"cin
Aminoglycoside used to treat 3B
Stre!tom"cin
ide effects of Aminoglycosides
Gtoto%icit"
Ne!hroto%icit"
Neuroto%icit"
/o8 do Aminoglycosides cause
neuroto;icity?
$he" Inhi)it the !res"na!tic in,lu% o,
Calcium
Causes of dysgusia
5n9+ de,icienc"
Metronida;ole
Macrolides
0hich drugs cause (e#hrogenic 9I
#ithium
amicoc"cline
0hich #art of the tri#le anti-biotic
ointment is res#onsible for a rash?
Neom"cin
MCA of <ancomycin
Inhi)its cell 6all s"nthesis )" inhi)itin1 the
Phos!holi!id carrier
Co&erage for <ancomycin
0M3+4 + Sta!h (ureus
&nterococcus
Sta!h e!idermidis
ide =ffects of <ancomycin
Gtoto%ic
Ne!hroto%ic
/ed man S"ndrome
0hy does <ancomycin cause :edman
syndrome?
In,usion is too ,ast and causes histamine
release
MCA of MetronidaBole 4)lagyl5
Causes release o, ,ree radicals
Co&erage for MetronidaBole
(ll (naero)es
0ardnerella
Proto;oa
ide effects of MetronidaBole
"s1usia
isul,ram /eaction
0>P
Methemo1lo)inemia
.emol"tic (nemia
Big mama drugs for anaerobes
Metronida;ole
Clindam"cin
Ce,o%atin
/o8 do sulfa drugs 8ork?
$he" inhi)it P(B(
, ulfa drugs
Sul,ametho%a;ole
Sul,adia;ine
Sul,a!"ri;one
Sul,a-sala;ine
Sul,acetmide
4%5 drug used 8ith ulfa drugs that
block 9ihydrofolate reductase?
$rimetha!rim
P"rimethamine
Co&erage of sulfadrugs
0m3+4 + Sta!h aureus
Sim!le 0m3-4
3reatment for 1C1 and 23IEs
Sul,ametho%a;oleD$rimetho!rim
ulfa drugs used to treat burn #atients
Sul,adia;ine 3sil*adine4
ulfa drugs used to treat 3o;o#lasmosis
Sul,adia;ineDP"rimethamine
ulfa drug that comes in an eye dro#
Sul,acetamide
* ulfa drug used to treat ulcerati&e
colitis
Sul,a!"ri;one
Sul,asala;ine
Sil,acetamide
MCA of 1enecillins
Cell 8all inhi)itors )" inhi)itin1
trans!e!tidation
Co&erae for ALL 1enecillins
0m3+4 not Sta!h (ureus
(## Sim!le (naero)es
ide effects of 1enecillins
(na!h"la%is
ru1 rash
Interstitial Ne!hritis
.emol"tic (nemia
9ifferentiate bet8een the % sim#le
1enecillins
P&N V - PG
P&N0 - IV
38o =;tended s#ectrum 1enecillins
(mo%acillin
(m!icillin
0hat co&erage do the e;tended s#ectrum
1C(Es add?
Sim!le 0m3-4 co*era1e
0hat is added to the sim#le 1C(Es to
co&er ta#h Aureus?
(mo%acillinDClau*ulinic (cid
(m!icillinDSul)actam
=;tended s#ectrum 1enecillins 8hich
causes Larisch-/er;eheimer reaction?
(m!icillin
0hat infections are the most common
causes of Larisch-/er;eheimer reaction?
&BV
CMV
S"!hilis
9rug of choice for 23I in#regnant
8omen
(m!icillinDsul)actam
MC used in #ediactrics
(mo%acillin 3!ink stu,,4
, Anti-ta#h 1C(Es 4Beta Lactamase
resistant5
Metahcillin
Na,cillin
G%acillin
Clo%acillin
iclo%acillin
MCC of Interstitial (e#hritis
?: Methacillin
?9 (m!icillin
* 1C Anti-ta#h 1C(Es
G%acillin
Clo%acillin
iclo%acillin
I< Anti-ta#h 1C(
Na,cillin
Anti-ta#h 1C( 8ith a high odium load
Na,cillin
, Anti-1seudomonal 1C(Es
Pi!ercillin
$icarcillin
(;ocillin
Me;ocillin
Pharmacolo1" K o, ::
Car)enicillin
Anti-1seudomonal 1C( 8ith a high
sodium load
Car)enicillin
0hat drug are added to the Anti-
1seudomonal 1C(Es to co&er sta#h
Pi!ercillinD$a;o)actam
$icarcillinDClau*ulnic (cid
MCA of Cefalos#orins
Cell 8all inhi)itors )" inhi)itin1
trans!e!tidation
Co&erage of Cefalos#orins
0m3+4 + Sta!h (ureus
Sim!le 0m3-4
1
st
generation Ce#halos#orin that is
#arenteral
Ce,a;olin
1
st
generation Ce#halos#orin that is the
M1 cause of Interstitial (e#hritis
Ce!halotin
(ame , 1
st
generation Ce#halos#oirins
Ce,a;olin
Ce,alotin
Ce,ale%in
Ce,ado%il
Ce,adro%il
(ame , %
nd
generation Ce#halos#oirins
Ce,aclor
Ce,otetan
Ce,omandol
Ce,uro%ime
Ce,o%atin
(ame A *
rd
generation Ce#halos#oirins
Ce,tria%one
Ce,i%ime
Ce,ota%ime
Ce,ta;idine
Ce,!era;ome
Ma%alactam
Most commonly used Cefalos#orin in
children
Ce,aclor
Cefalos#orin used to treat /7 InfluenBa B
Ce,uro%ime
Cefalos#orin used to treat Anaerobes
Ce,o%atin
Cefalos#orin 8ith the best C(
#enetration
Ce,tria%one
/e#atically e;creted Cefalos#orin
Ce,tria%one
)irst line for Meningitis N % month old
Ce,tria%one
)irst line for Meningitis O % month old
Ce,ota%ime
)irst line for 1seudomonas
Ce,ta;idine
)our Cefalos#orins 8ith M33 side
chains
Ce,otetan
Ce,omandol
Ce,a!era;one
Mo%alactam
0hat does the M33 chain do?
Inhi)its Vitamin K
Cnly oral *
rd
generation Cefalos#orin
Ce,i%eme
9rugs that cause a disulfram reaction
Ce,otetan
Ce,omandol
Metronida;ole
Cefalos#orin 8ith the highest allergic
reaction in 1ediatrics
Ce,aclor
MCA Cf BenBodiaBa#ines
Increase 0(B( channel 're-uenc"
Indication for BenBodiaBe#ines
(n%iet"
Insomnia
Sei;ure
Muscle Cram!s
0hat is the cause of death for BenBoEs
and Barbituates?
/es!irator" 'ailure
0hich An;iolytinc is used for #eo#le 8ho
cannot be sedated?
Bu!ro!ion
(ame 4105 BenBodiaBe#ines
)lourea#am
Pol#iden
C;aBe#am
3riaBelam
3omaBe#am
9iaBe#am
LoraBe#am
CloneBa#am
ChlordiaBe#o;ide
MidaBolam
hortest Acting BenBo
'lore;e!am
Longest Acting BenBo
5ol!idem
Medium duration BenBo
G%a;e!am
$ria;elam
BenBo used for elderly 8ho ha&e trouble
initiating slee#
$ria;elam
BenBo used 8ith %0 minutes antegrade
amnesia
$ria;elam
BenBo used for #eo#le 8ho ha&e difficulty
maintaining slee#
$oma;e!am
4>5 BenBos MC used for eiBures
ia;e!am
#ora;e!am
Clona;e!am
Chlordia;e!o%ide
4%5 BenBos MC used for tatus
=#ile#ticus
ia;e!am
#ora;e!am
BenBo MC used for Absance eiBures in
children
Clona;e!am
BenBo MC used for restless leg syndrome
Clona;e!am
BenBo that comes in so#ository
ia;e!am
BenBo that is best for an;iety in middle
aged females
#ora;e!am
BenBo MC used for Alcoholic 8ithdra8al
Chlordia;e!o%ide
BenBo used for short #rocedures
Mida;elam
BenBo 8ith >,min antegrade amnesia
Mida;elam
Antedote for BenBo C&erdose
'luma;enil
Pharmacolo1" A o, ::
MCA of Barbituates
Increase 0(B( channel uration
Indication for Barbituates
Insomnia
Sei;ure
Muscle Cram!s
0hy are Barbituates not indicated for
An;iety
Because the" are too sedatin1
Longest acting barbituate
Pheno)ar)ital
hortest acting Barbituate
$hio!ental
Barbituate most commonly abused on the
street
Seco)ar)ital
3reatment for Barbituate C&erdose
.CG@- + o%a!ram
Barbituate most commonly used for
generaliBed seiBures on children
Pheno)ar)ital
* drugs used to treat Bi#olar
?: #ithium
?9 Val!roic (cid
?@ Car)ama;a!ine
MCA of lithium
#ooks like Sodium and sta)ili;es cell
mem)ranes
ide effects of Lithium
."!onatremia
."!oth"roidism
."!erth"roidism
."!ercalcemia
."!o!hos!hatemia
Ne!hro1enic I
&!steins (nomol"
/o8 does Lithium cause (e#hrogenic
9I?
It inhi)its (. rece!tors are the kidne"
/o8 does Lithium cause /y#onatremia?
Because it looks like Sodium+ the kidne"
hold onto it instead o, Sodium
/o8 does Lithium cause
hy#othyroidism?
.o6 does #ithium cause
/o8 does Lithium cause hy#ercalcemia?
It )inds to P$. rece!tors
MCA of CarbamaBa#ine
Sodium Channel Blocker
ide effects of CarbamaBe#ine
(1ranuloc"tosis
SI(.
Indication for CarbamaBe#ine
$em!oral #o)e Sei;ures
@
rd
#ine ,or Bi!olar isor)er
Shootin1 Neuro!th"
/o8 does CarbamaBa#ine cause IA9/
It stimulates the (. rece!tors in kidne"
MCA of <al#roic Acid
Indication for <al#roic Acid
9
nd
#ine ,or Bi!olar
:
st
#ine ,or M"otonic Sei;ures
:
st
#ine ,or Mi%ed Sei;ures
ide =ffects of <al#roic Acid
BM Su!!ression
0hat is the main cause of de#ression
Serotonin
Nore!ine!herine
MCA of 3ri-Cyclic Anti-de#ressants
Blocks reu!take o, (## Catecholamines
Stron1 (nti-Choliner1ic a,,ects
Block : rece!tors )" accident
Block (-V conduction in heart
Clue for Anti-Cholinergic effects
S"m!athetic 6ith .ot r" Skin
(ame 4,5 3CAEs
C - Clomi!ramine
A - (mitr"!taline
( - Nortr"!taline
9 - esi!ramine
I - Imi!ramine
3CA used for bed8etting in children
Imi!ramine
3CA used for Chronic 1ain or
neuro#athy
(mitr"!taline
3CA used for CC9
Clomi!ramine
hortest acting 3ACEs
Nortr"!taline
esi!ramine
MCA of :IEs
Inhi)it the reu!take o, Serotonin
(ame 4>5 :IEs
) - 'luo%etine
L ' #u*o%atine
i
1 - Paro%atine
' Sertraline
ide effects of :IEs
(nor1asmia
(ame 4>5 MACIEs
1 - Phen"l;ine
I - Isocar)o%a;id
3 - $ran"lc"!ramine
- Sele1eline
)oods a&oided 8hen on MACIEs
8ine and Cheese
0ine $ cheese contraindicated 8ith
MACIEs because
$he interaction can cause Seratonin
S"ndrome
0hen s8itching from :I to MACI?
ho8 long is the 8ashout #eriod?
Gne Month
(ame the MACBI
Sele1eline
MCA of Bu#ro#ion
Blocks reu!take o, Seratonin
Indication for Bu#ro#ion
Used i, se%ual d"s,unction occurs 6ith
other antide!ressants
.el! sto! smokin1
ide effects of Bu#ro#ion
ecreased Sei;ure threshold
Indications for =lectrocon&ulsi&e
3hera#y
Person 6ho is acti*el" suicidal or 6ith
intracta)le de!ression
M1 ide effect of =C3
(mnesia
3reatment for Methemoglobinemia
Meth"line Blue
:; for Acute intermittent 1or#horya
Su1ar
'luids
.ematin
Pharmacolo1" :B o, ::
/o8 does /ematin 0ork?
It inhi)its -(#( S"nthase
3reatment for Cyanide 1oisoning
(m"lnitrate
Sodium $hiosul!hate
Meth"line Blue
$rans,usion
:; for Carbon Mono;ide 1oisoning
."!er)aric G%"1en
:; used for the 2sed for the Cystic
)ibrosis s8eat test $ to 3reat glaucoma
Pilocar!ine
)or 8hat 8as Methacholine 1re&iously
used?
$o dia1nose (sthma )ecause is Causes
Broncho s!asm
/o8 do Am#hetamines 8ork?
$he" cause the release o, !re,ormed
catecholamines7
Pharmacolo1" :: o, ::