Johnsen Darelle C.

Dela Cruz
IV-Campos

In two months of disccusing advance phyics I learned a lot of different formulas and equations. Im having a hard time
reviewing all the lessons when the long test come ant I hate it. But when you review and understand it well you can
answer all the questions In your long test. The first thing I learned is what is physics. Physics is the scientific study of
matter and energy and how they interact with each other. And I learned that Isaac Newton Discovered the theories
mechanics,gravitation and differential calculus. Bejamin Franklin discovered two kinds of electic charge which he
named as POSITIVE and NEGATIVE charge. Alessandro Volta invented the first electrical battery. Galielo Galilie
discovered the mountains and craters on the moon. Hans Christian Oersted discovered that the cureent in wire can
produce magnetic effects. Joseph Henry extensive fundamental studies of electromagnetic phenomena. Lord Kevin
proposed the absolute zero of temperature. James Prescott Joule discovered the mechanical equivalator of heat.
And William Weber worked electrodynamics and Electrical Structure of matter. I also learned that physicist
investigated the motions of electrons and rockets. The goal of this course is to help you to uderstand the physical
world. The reason why we have to study physics is because physics is one of the fundamental of science. Study of
physics is an adventure. It is Challenging,Sometimes frustrating,occasionally painful and often richly rewarding and
satisfying. Physics is also foundation of all engineering and techonology. The branches and sub-branches of physics
aremechanics,thermodynamics,acoustics,optics,electromagnetism,nuclear phyisics,atomic and molecular phyics and
astro physics. Mechanics is the study of motion objects and the forces that cause them. Thermodynamics is the
study of the effects of changes in temperature on physical system. Acoustics is the generation,transmission, and
reception of sound. Optics is concerned with the study of light and its interaction with matter. Electromagnetism is the
physics of electricity and magnetism. Nuclear physics is the study of properites of atomic nuclei. Atomic and
Molecular physics deals with the behavior of few atoms and molecules. Astrophysics deals with the study of physical
and chemical properties of celestial objects such as stars and galaxies. I learned about waves too. Waves is a
repeating disturbance that transfers enrergy through matter or space. A wave will travel only as long as it has energy
to carry. Mechanical waves can only travel through a medium. And not all waves need a medium. Medium matter the
waves travel through is called the medium it can be solid,liquid, or gas. The two types of mechanical waves are
transverse and compressional waves.

Transvers waves are waves that move at the right angle to the direction that the wave travels. Compressional waves
are waves that move in the same direction that the wave travel. Sound waves are compressional waves. I learned
that there are parts of waves. Crest are the alternating high points. Trough are the alternating low points. Wavelength
is the distance between two same points on a wave. Compression is the region where the coils are close together.
Compression waves have a parts. Frequency of a wave is the number of wavelengths that pass a fixed point each
second. Rarefaction is the region where coils are spread apart. Tranverse waves are the number of crest that pass
by a point each second. Period amount of time it takes one wavelenght to pass a point. As frequency increases,
wavelenght decreases. Amplitude is the energy carried by a wave. Wave front is the actual wave. Easy to see with a
water wave. Ray is a vector arrow. Drawn perpendicular to the wave front that indicates the direction in which a wave
is moving. I also learned about the behavoir of waves. Reflection is the going back or bouncing back of a wave to the
medium after reaching th e boundary. Echo is the sound waves hit an object they reflect and comeback to you. You
hear the sound multiple times. Law of reflection is the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. Refraction
is the bending of a wave caused by a change in its speed as it moves from one medium to another. Diffraction is an
object causes the wave to change direction and bend arount it. Interference is when two or more waves overlap and
combine to form a new wave. Standing waves is the waves equal in wavelength and amplitude,travel in opposite
directions,and interface with each other. Produce when two waves with the same frequency interface with one
another while travelling in opposite directions along the same medium. It is frozen called because it appears to stand
in frozen space . Antinodes are the areas of maximum amplitude. Nodes are the areas of zero amplitude. The next
topic is all about lights. Light is a form of energy visible to human eye that is radiated by moving charged. Optics is a
branch of physics which deals with the behavior of light and other electromagnetic waves. I learned that I can see
things because of the reflection of light from sunlight. There are some characteristics of lights that I learned; our
primary source of light is the sun. Light travels in straight lines at a speed of 186,000miles per second. Light waves
travel faster than sound waves. Light energy from the sun travels through space, reaches earth, and some of it turns
to heat energy and warms the earths air. Light from the sun also travels to the cells of green plants (producers) and
is stored as energy. When light reaches an object, it is absorbed, reflected, or passes through it. Light travels in
straight lines. The nature of light is the propagation of light is best described by a wave model, but understanding
emission and absorption requires a particle approach. The sources of light differ in how they provide. energy to the
charged particles, such as electrons, whose motion creates the light. If the energy comes from heat, then the source
is called incandescent. If the energy comes from another source, such as chemical or electric energy, the source is
called luminescent. Incandescent sources of light --- Sun and all other stars, candle light, incadescent bulb, black
body and all other thermal sources. The other source of light is in a synchrotron light source; electrons are
accelerated by microwaves and kept in a circular orbit by large magnets. The whole machine, called a synchrotron,
resembles a large artificial atom. The circulating electrons can be made to radiate very monochromatic light at a wide
range of frequencies.The next topic is about the law of Refraction. The ratio of the sines of the angle of refraction and
angle of incidence is equal to the inverse of the ratio of the indices of refraction in the respective medium. An image
is a visual reproduction of an object formed by a mirror or a lens. Incident rays coming from an object strike a mirror
or a lens may form an image after being reflected or refracted. Mirrors produce images by reflecting light. Lens
produce images by allowing light to go through. (Refraction) The study of image formation using rays is central to
geometric optics. Image location is the location in space where all the reflected light appears to diverge from. In the
case of plane mirrors, the image is said to be a virtual image. Virtual images are images which are formed in
locations where light does not actually reach. Light does not actually pass through the location on the other side of
the mirror; it only appears to an observer as though the light is coming from this location. Real images are formed by
curved mirrors. When rays reflected by a mirror or refracted by a lens intersect, the image formed is real image. Such
images are formed on the same side of the mirror as the object and light passes through the actual image location. In
classifying images, Virtual; In the case of plane mirrors, the image is said to be a virtual image. Virtual images are
images which are formed in locations where light does not actually reach. Light does not actually pass through the
location on the other side of the mirror; it only appears to an observer as though the light is coming from this location.
Real, Real images are formed by curved mirrors. When rays reflected by a mirror or refracted by a lens intersect, the
image formed is real image. Such images are formed on the same side of the mirror as the object and light passes
through the actual image location. An upright image has the same orientation as the object. An inverted image is
upside down relative to the object. Three qualitative descriptions of images according to size are enlarged,
diminished and unmagnified. Mirror form images by reflection. Plane mirrors and spherical mirrors. I learned that I
have to study harder in phyisics and understand the lessons so I can pass this freaking coures.