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OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

1. The figure shows the process of ____________ _ .



A self-pollination
B cross-pollination
C germination
D fertilisation


2. The female and male gametes of flowering plants are located at the ___________ .

A sepal and stamen
B pistil and ovary
C ovule and pollen grain
D filament and anther

3.The figure shows the process of pollination
Where does the transfer of pollen grain take place?




A PR
B PQ
C SP
D SQ


4. Cross-pollination is better than self pollination because the offspring __________ .

I produces more fruits
II survives better under bad weather
III is less resistant to diseases

A I and II
B I and III
C II and III
D I, II and III

5.The figure shows a flowering plant.




Which of the following is the pollinating agent for this plant?

A Insect
B Bird

C Wind
D Water



6. The figure shows the flower of flowering plants


Which flowers are pollinated by insects?

A P and Q
B Q and R
C R and S
D P and R


7. A stamen is the male reproductive organ and pistil is the female reproductive organ of flowering
plants. Stamen consists of filaments and anthers while the pistil consists of stigma, style and ovary.

A male reproductive organ of flower consists of _______________ .

A filament, anther and ovary
B stigma, style and ovary
C filament and anther
D stigma, style and anther


PMR 2009 Paper 2
1.(a) Diagram 1.1 shows two plants, R and S from the same species.




Diagram 1.1
i) Sstate two advantages of using cross-pollination for breeding in agriculture
1.________________________________________________________________

2.________________________________________________________________ [2 marks]

ii) Suggest one way to ensure only cross-pollination takes place in S
__________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

iii) State one reason for the answer in 1(a) ii)
____________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(b) Diagram 1.2 shows rose plants grown in an enclosed farm.


Diagram1.2
i) Suggest one way to increase the cross-pollination in this farm
________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

ii) State one reason for the answer in 1 (b) (i)
________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(c) Diagram 1.3 shows a honey bee feeding honey on a flower of a fruit tree.



Explain how this situation helps the farmer to increase the yield of fruits from his trees.
__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________ [2 marks]

SUGGESTED ANSWER

1. a)(i) to produce a healthier plant, to produce a new variety of plant

(a)(ii) remove the anther
(a)(iii) prevent self pollination
(b)(i) use bees
(b)(ii) transfer the pollen grain from one plant to another (c) bee act as a pollination agent,
increase the yield of fruit.




LAND AND ITS RESOURCES

In this topic you should know :

6.1 : Minerals in the Earths crust


1. Minerals are elements or compounds that are found in the Earths crust.
2. Gold ,Platinum,Silver and Mercury exist as elements.
3. Compounds are combinations of metals and non metals ;
with oxygen --- Oxides
With sulphur --- Sulphides
with carbon --- Carbonates

6.2 Reactions between Metals and Non- Metals
1. Reaction between metals and oxygen .
(a) Most metals react with oxygen to form metal oxide .
Metal + oxygen Metal Oxide

For example :
Magnesium + Oxygen Magnesium Oxide
Zinc + Oxygen Zinc Oxide



2. Reaction between metals and sulphur
(a) Most metals reacts with sulphur to form metal sulphide
Metal + Sulphur --------- Metal sulphide

For example :

Magnesium + Sulphur --------- Magnesium Sulphide
Zinc + Sulphur Zinc Sulphide

6.3 : Silicon Compound

1. Silicon is the most abundant non-metal element in the earths crust .
2. Silicon exists compounds known as Silica and Silicates .
3. Silica is a compound of silicon and oxygen ; also known as silicon dioxide.
Example of silica are sand , sandstones and flint.
4. Silicates is a compound of metal , silicon and oxygen .
Examples of silicates are clay, asbestos and mica.
5. Silicon compounds are very stable because they do not dissolve in
water , do not react with acid and do not decomposed when heated.


6.4 : Calcium Compound

1. Calcium compounds naturally exists as limestones, corals, eggshell , marble
and bone.
2. Calcium carbonate is made up of calcium , carbon and oxygen.

3. Properties of calcium carbonate :
(a) Insoluble in water
(b) It react with dilute acid to produce salt , water and carbon dioxide.


Calcium carbonate + Hydrochloric acid ----- Calcium Chloride + Water + Carbon dioxide

( c ) When heated , it decomposes into calcium oxide and carbon dioxide .

Calcium carbonate -------- Calcium oxide + Carbon dioxide





Calcium oxide + Water --------- Calcium hydroxide (solid)


(d) When more water is added , the solid calcium hydroxide (slaked lime)
dissolve to form calcium hydroxide solution or limewater.

6.5 : Natural Fuel Resources


1. Petroleum is a mixture of hydrocarbons. The various hydrocarbon compounds can
be separated through fractional distillation .
2. The different hydrocarbons can be distilled because they have different boiling
points. The lowest temperature of less than 25 C to the highest temperature of more than 350C.
3. The fractions of Petroleum fractional distillation in ascending temperature is
Petroleum gas ---Petrol---- Naphtha ---Kerosene--- Diesel --- Lubricating oil--- Fuel oil ---
Bitumen .



Paper 1 : Objective Questions


1. Gold, quartz and limestone are examples of minerals.
Which of the following is a mineral?

A Quartz
B Nitrogen
C Oxygen
D Hydrogen

2. Minerals are solid elements or compounds found naturally in the Earths crust.
Where can you find minerals?

A Outer space
B Atmosphere
C Deep ocean
D Earths crust

3. Calcium carbonate releases carbon dioxide and forms calcium oxide when heated.
Name the product formed when calcium carbonate is heated.

A Iron oxide
B Iron sulphide
C Calcium oxide
D Calcium carbonate

4. Silicate is a compound made up of silicon, metal and oxygen. Asbestos, jade, clay, mica and
feldspar are examples of silicate.
Which of the following is not a silicate?

A Jade
B Clay
C Quartz
D Asbestos


5. Magnesium reacts faster when heated in oxygen than zinc and iron.
Choose a metal which is most reactive.

A Magnesium
B Zinc
C Iron

6. Calcium carbonate is made up of different elements namely calcium, carbon and oxygen.
How many elements are present in calcium carbonate?

A One
B Two
C Three

7. The table shows the composition of calcium silicate.

Mineral Element composition
Calcium silicate Calcium X Oxygen
What is element X?

A Silica
B Silicon
C Silicate

8. The figure shows substance Q being heated. After a few minutes the lime water
turns chalky.




What is substance Q ?

A Aluminium oxide
B Aluminium silicate
C Calcium sulphide
D Calcium carbonate

9. Which of the following word equations is correct when metal sulphide is heated?

A Lead sulphide ---- Lead oxide + sulphur
B Copper sulphide ----- copper oxide + carbon dioxide
C Iron sulphide ----- iron oxide + sulphur dioxide
D Aluminium sulphide ---- aluminium oxide + oxygen


10. The figure shows the apparatus set up to study the reaction of metals with oxygen. 3 asbestos
papers are filled with metal powders A, B and C respectively.




From the observation, choose the most reactive metal .


Types of metal Observation
A Burns quickly with white flame
B Burns with a bright flame and spreads slowly
C Glows and spreads slowly


11. The figure shows the fractional distillation of petroleum



What are the products represented by X, Y and Z?

X Y Z
A diesel petrol kerosene
B petrol kerosene diesel
C petrol kerosene bitumen
D kerosene diesel bitumen





ANSWERS
1. A
2. D
3. C
4. C
5. A
6. C
7. B
8. D
9. C
10. A
11. B

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