TERMINAL EVALUATION REPORT

Evaluation period: July 25- September 1, 2011

Strengthening the Disaster Mitigation and Management
System in Mongolia Phase III (April !!"#De$em%er !&&'
Project MO!0"!#05
$or t%e United Nations De(elopment Program Mongolia
&onnie 'ernooy and Erdenec%uluun (umur
September 1, 2011, )laanbaatar
0
)ontents
List o* %o+es, ta%les and -g.res
#
A$ronyms, a%%re(iations and Mongolian terms
*
E+e$.ti(e S.mmary
5
A$/no0ledgments
"
&#Introd.$tion1 pro2e$t o(er(ie0 and de(elopment $onte+t
+
&ationale o$ t%e evaluation
+
Project de,cription -,ynt%e,i,.
10
/evelopment conte0t
1#
Structure o$ evaluation report 11
#E(al.ation strategy
12
3pproac% and met%odolo4y
12
Evaluation met%od, and ,ource, by evaluation objective
1+
),e o$ a 4ender per,pective
20
/ata analy,i,
22
Mid-term evaluation -,ynt%e,i,.
2#
5imitation, 2*
3#4indings and analysis
25
Project mana4ement
21
6nput, and activitie,
21
1
6nternal 2"
E0ternal #0
&e,ult, by project objective
#1
Objective 1 #1
Objective 2 #1
Objective # *1
),e o$ a 4ender $rame7or8
50
Output, 51
5#Stories *rom the -eld1 learning ho0 to 0or/ together *or disaster
ris/ management -by &onnie 'ernooy.
5*
9%at:, in a ,treet name; Pioneerin4 community-ba,ed di,a,ter ri,8
mana4ement in )laanbaatar
5*
<rom almo,t not%in4 to many t%in4, t%at can be done: ,tren4t%enin4 di,a,ter
ri,8 mana4ement at aimag level =t%e ca,e o$ >%entii
52
?<rom 6 alone to u, to4et%er?: local level partner,%ip buildin4 in Jar4alt8%aan
sum 5+
6#Assessment
12
7#)on$l.sion
1*
8#Lessons learned and re$ommendations
1"
Re*eren$es
2*
A%o.t the e(al.ators
25
2
Anne+es (in se$ond do$.ment'
1-Evolution o$ project p%a,e,
2-(erm, o$ &e$erence $or t%e terminal evaluation
#-Evaluation plan
*-@ue,tionnaire,
5-5i,t o$ document, revie7ed
1-5i,t o$ individual, intervie7ed
2-E0erci,e,
"-P%a,e # c%ronolo4y o$ activitie,
+-P%a,e # e0it ,trate4y
10-5i,t o$ trainin4,
11-5i,t o$ publication,
12-&atin4 table
AP%oto, on cover by &onnie 'ernooy
#
List o* %o+es, ta%les and -g.res
Bo0 1: 3 7ord about 8ey concept,
1*
(able 1: Cau,e, o$ 200+-2010 dzud and it, ,ub,eDuent impact, in Mon4olia
1"
(able 2: 3ctual evaluation mi,,ion ,c%edule
20
(able #: Evaluation matri0 $or t%e 4ender component
22
(able *: Evaluation analy,i, matri0
2#
(able 5: &eported activitie, by project component -200"-2011.
22
(able 1: E0ternal mana4ement: level o$ eEort by $unction, and main project
partner, #0
(able 2: Content analy,i, o$ t%e /PPP
#2
(able ": Content analy,i, o$ t%e SC&M3P
*"
(able +: 3naly,i, o$ u,e o$ a 4ender per,pective
50
(able 10: Feneral ,tati,tic, o$ publication,
52
(able 11: /i,tribution li,t o$ ,elected publication,
5#
(able 12: &atin4 o$ re,ult,
12
<i4ure, 1-#: &e,ult, o$ t%e %erder Due,tionnaire in Jar4alt8%aan and Binder
sums *1
<i4ure, *-5: &e,ult, o$ t%e /&&PC member Due,tionnaire in Jar4alt8%aan and
Binder *1 sums
*
A$ronyms, a%%re(iations and Mongolian terms
CB/M community-ba,ed di,a,ter mana4ement
CC3 climate c%an4e adaptation
CE/39 Committee on t%e Elimination o$ /i,crimination 34ain,t 9omen
/&M di,a,ter ri,8 mana4ement
/&& di,a,ter ri,8 reduction
/&&C /i,a,ter ri,8 reduction council -city.
//&PC /i,a,ter ri,8 reduction partner,%ip council -rural area.
</6 $orei4n direct inve,tment
F/P 4ro,, dome,tic product
GF %erder 4roup
6/&C 6nternational /evelopment &e,earc% Centre -Canada.
MHE monitorin4 and evaluation
M/F, millennium development 4oal,
ME( Mini,try o$ ature, Environment and (ouri,m
M( Mon4olian Tugrig
Mo<356 Mini,try o$ <ood, 34riculture and 5i4%t 6ndu,try
3MEM ational 34ency $or Meteorolo4y and Environmental Monitorin4
/PPP ational di,a,ter protection policy and pro4ramme
EM3 ational Emer4ency Mana4ement 34ency
FO non-4overnment or4aniIation
&M natural re,ource mana4ement
SC&M3P ational ,trate4y $or climate ri,8 mana4ement and action plan
&6MES &e4ional 6nte4rated Multi-%aIard Early-7arnin4 Sy,tem
-(%ailand.
S/C S7i,, 34ency $or /evelopment and Cooperation
SEC State emer4ency commi,,ion
SGF ,el$-%elp 4roup
(o&, term, o$ re$erence
) )nited ation,
)/3< )nited ation, /evelopment 3,,i,tance <rame7or8
)/P )nited ation, /evelopment Pro4ram
aimag province
bagh sub-district (rural area)
duureg district (city)
dzud extremely severe winter
ger traditional tent
khoroo sub-district (city)
nadaam national (mid-summer) holiday celebration
nukhurlul herder group
otor reserve pasture
sum district (rural area)
5
E+e$.ti(e S.mmary
(%e terminal evaluation o$ t%e project JStren4t%enin4 t%e /i,a,ter Miti4ation
and Mana4ement Sy,tem in Mon4oliaK P%a,e # -3pril 200"-/ecember 2011.
7a, carried out $rom July 25 to September 1, 2011L
P%a,e # aimed to con,olidate and e0pand t%e re,ult, $rom P%a,e, 1
and 2L (%e overall 4oal 7a, to contribute to ,u,tainin4 development 4ain, o$
t%e country by reducin4 ri,8, and vulnerabilitie, t%rou4% en%anced
4overnment capacity and 7ider partner,%ip, 7it% ot%er ,ector,, and re4ion,L
(%e principal objective, 7ere: 1. Support implementation o$ t%e lon4-term
,trate4y o$ Mon4olia $or di,a,ter ri,8 mana4ement to minimiIe vulnerability
and improve preparedne,,M 2. En%ance in,titutional capacity $or di,a,ter
mana4ement and emer4ency re,pon,eM and, #. 3,,i,t in adaptin4 to climate
c%an4e t%at adver,ely aEect, ,u,tainable development o$ t%e country,
e,pecially t%o,e in t%e rural environment,L P%a,e # covered EM3:, national
,tructure includin4 21 aimag -province. and + )laanbaatar di,trict branc%e,L
(%e number o$ sums involved increa,ed $rom " to 12 repre,entin4 1 aimags
-up $rom *.L (7o di,trict, in )laanbaatar 7ere ,elected to pilot novel urban
di,a,ter ri,8 mana4ement eEort,L
(%e terminal evaluation 7a, broad in ,cope $ocu,in4 on ac%ievement,,
,ucce,,e, and eEectivene,, o$ t%e project t%rou4% a revie7 o$ t%e impact
and ,u,tainability o$ output, and outcome,, includin4 t%e contribution to t%e
implementation o$ t%e national policy on di,a,ter ri,8 protection, individual
and or4aniIational capacity development, and public a7arene,, rai,in4 and
educationL (%e evaluation report include, a detailed revie7 o$ t%e t%ree
e0pected outcome,, t%ree in-dept% project ,ucce,, ,torie,, ,i0 le,,on,
learned concernin4 ,trate4ic project component, and t7elve
recommendation, concernin4 action, to $ollo7 up or rein$orce initial project
beneNt,, and $or po,,ible $uture direction, addre,,in4 remainin4 c%allen4e,
and ne7 opportunitie,L
O(erall, the e(al.ation $on$l.des that res.lts ha(e %een
satis*a$tory9 This is parti$.larly the $ase i* an alternati(e (ie0 on
1
the iss.e o* implementation o* the national poli$y on disaster
prote$tion (appro(ed %y the National Parliament May &3, !&&' is
$onsidered :by seeing the project operations as an example of
successful piloting of many of the central elements of the national
disaster protection policy (before formal approval took place)9
(%ere are $e7 countrie, in t%e 7orld t%at %ave piloted 7it% ,ati,$actory
re,ult, ,uc% an array o$ interrelated di,a,ter ri,8 mana4ement activitie,,
includin4: 4ettin4 t7o novel, inter-,ector policie, developed -di,a,ter ri,8
protection, and climate ri,8 mana4ement.M pro$e,,ionaliIe EM3 to a very
%i4% de4ree a, an autonomou,, civil a4encyM ,tren4t%en and ,cale-out ne7
di,a,ter ri,8 mana4ement ,tructure, at sum -rural di,trict. and khoroo
-urban ,ub-di,trict., a, 7ell a, rural and urban community level, and connect
t%em to t%e national ,y,temM and develop a public a7arene,, and education
,trate4y in relation to di,a,ter ri,8 mana4ement and adaptation to climate
c%an4eL (%e only major 7ea8ne,, encountered %a, been t%e un,ati,$actory
u,e o$ a 4ender per,pective t%rou4%out all component, o$ t%e projectL All
the people the e(al.ators met spo/e highly appre$iati(e o* the 0or/
done and the m.ltiple res.lts o%tained .nderlining the -ndings
presented in the terminal e(al.ation report9
6ntroducin4, te,tin4, and in,titutionaliIin4 di,a,ter ri,8 mana4ement
and climate c%an4e adaptation repre,ent a lon4-term a4endaL 3lt%ou4%
t%ree project p%a,e, %ave led to 4ood pro4re,,, ,everal ta,8, and muc%
more learnin4 by doin4, remain to be doneL 4.t.re tas/s in$l.de: i. policy
reNnement and %armoniIation, updatin4, and implementationM ii.
development o$ a co%erent national policy concernin4 t%e role o$ civil ,ociety
in t%e $or Mon4olia intimately inter-related domain, o$ di,a,ter ri,8
mana4ement, natural re,ource mana4ement, and climate c%an4e
adaptationM iii. broadened interaction and cooperation at national and
international level,L 6n t%e vie7 o$ t%e evaluator,, climate c%an4e adaptation
i, a muc% policy and action broader domain t%an di,a,ter ri,8 mana4ement,
2
alt%ou4% t%e latter obviou,ly %a, climate c%an4e related a,pect, and t%e,e
could u,e$ully be covered under t%e ne7 di,a,ter ri,8 protection policyL
Re$ommendations to carry out t%e,e t%ree ta,8, are:
Ba,ed on partial co-$undin4 by parta8in4 a4encie, and ad%erence to ,olid
partner,%ip principle,, create opportunitie, $or t%e de,i4n and
implementation o$ inter-agency collaborative di,a,ter ri,8
mana4ement!natural re,ource mana4ement!climate c%an4e adaptation
policy implementation activitie, under a common pro4ram $rame7or8L
34encie, could include 4overnment and non-4overnment entitie,L
/e,i4n and implement more tailor-made di,a,ter ri,8 mana4ement
initiative, $or urban and rural ,ettin4, con,iderin4 diEerent environment,,
ri,8, and re,ource,L
/e,i4n and implement a mode,t pilot initiative to brin4 t%e private ,ector
o$ Mon4olia on board o$ $uture pro4ram!project intervention, and
4enerate le,,on, $or a lar4er ,trate4yL
E0pand t%e ,et-up o$ electronic communication connection, $or %erder, in
remote and poorly ,erved!connected area, t%rou4% a variety o$ mean,
and u,e t%e ne7 connection, $or t7o-7ay communication e0c%an4e
related to di,a,ter ri,8 mana4ement!natural re,ource
mana4ement!climate c%an4e adaptationL
/i,,eminate t%e very valuable traditional 8no7led4e documented in
P%a,e # t%rou4% novel $orm, o$ learnin4 and action at local, provincial and
national level,L
E0pand t%e localiIed 7eat%er $oreca,tin4!early 7arnin4 ,y,tem, pilot,
currently under7ay in collaboration 7it% 3MEM, &6MES and t%e FO
J3S65L
),e %erder to %erder e0ten,ion and trainin4 $rom t%e very ,tart o$ ne7
intervention, ba,ed on a 7ell-de,i4ned capacity development ,trate4y
includin4 re4ular monitorin4 and evaluation o$ %o7 ne7 learnin4 i, put in
practice -outcome,. and to 7%at c%an4e, it i, contributin4 -impact.L
"
/evelop and e0ecute a participatory communication ,trate4y 7it%!$or 8ey
actor,: %erder,!%erder 4roup,M urban d7eller,!,el$-%elp 4roup,M tec%nical
-Neld. ,taE o$ 4overnment a4encie, and non-4overnment a4encie,M sum
4overnment ,taEL
E0plore lin8a4e, 7it% t%e %i4%er education ,y,tem to ,tren4t%en
intervention, 7it% re,earc% re,ult,, 7%ile oEerin4 c%ance, to t%e ne7
4eneration o$ pro$e,,ional, to learn about di,a,ter ri,8
mana4ement!climate c%an4e adaptation in practice, and develop ne7 and
in$u,e e0i,tin4 curriculum 7it% 4rounded e0perience,L
Stren4t%en t%e 4ender analy,i,, and monitorin4 and evaluation capacitie,
o$ all individual, and a4encie, directly involved in $uture pro4ram!project
intervention,L
A$/no0ledgments
9e 7ould li8e to t%an8 everyone 7%o contributed to t%e terminal evaluation
t%rou4% t%e $ran8 ,%arin4 o$ e0perience,, point, o$ vie7,, idea, and
,u44e,tion, a, 7ell a, t%e ,ubmi,,ion o$ document, and p%oto,L 9e
appreciate very muc% all t%e time and eEort oEered, in particular con,iderin4
t%e ,ummer %oliday ,ea,onL (%e member, o$ t%e ?Stren4t%enin4 t%e /i,a,ter
Miti4ation and Mana4ement Sy,tem in Mon4olia? P%a,e # project team
de,erve a ,pecial bayarlaa $or t%eir tru,t, patience and cooperation durin4
t%e terminal evaluationL 9e ac8no7led4e t%e ,upport provided by t%e )/P
mana4ement team and t%e &e,ident &epre,entative in t%e ) Country
OOceL 9e are 4rate$ul to all EM3 ,taE $or re,pondin4 to our many
Due,tion,, ,%o7ca,in4 t%e ne7 eDuipment obtained, and providin4 u, 7it%
oOce ,paceL (%e Neld vi,it, to C%in4eltei and Son4ino8%air84an in
)laanbaatar, Jar4alt8%aan and Binder sums and )ndur8%aan in >%entii
aimag and, on a previou, occa,ion, to Erdenedalai ,um o$ /und4ovi aimag,
4ave u, t%e opportunity to ,ee di,a,ter ri,8 mana4ement in practiceL 9e
t%an8 t%e EM3 oOcer,, mini,try oOcial,, ,um 4overnor,, ,um 4overnment
+
,taE, CitiIen:, >%ural repre,entative,, %erder leader, and %erder, 7%o
7elcomed u, 7it% open arm,L (%ey told and ,%o7ed u, that learning to work
together $or di,a,ter ri,8 protection ta8e, time, but it %a, be4un to produce
re,ult,L
10
&#Introd.$tion1 pro2e$t o(er(ie0 and de(elopment $onte+t
Rationale o* the e(al.ation
(%e JStren4t%enin4 t%e /i,a,ter Miti4ation and Mana4ement Sy,tem in
Mon4oliaK P%a,e # -3pril 200"-/ecember 2011. i, t%e ,ucce,,or o$ P%a,e 2
-2005-2002M )S P +00,000. and P%a,e 1 -2002-2005M )S P 225,000.L One o$
t%e major accompli,%ment, o$ t%e previou, p%a,e, %a, been t%e creation o$
t%e ational Emer4ency Mana4ement 34ency -EM3.L Prior to t%e
e,tabli,%ment o$ EM3 a, a ne7 civil or4aniIation 7it% t%e ,tatu, o$
4overnment a4ency, national di,a,ter re,pon,e mana4ement 7a, in t%e
%and, o$ t%e militaryL
P%a,e 2 ac%ieved t%e dra$tin4 o$ t%e ational <rame7or8 $or 3ction to
Stren4t%en t%e /i,a,ter &e,ilience o$ Mon4olia -2001-2015., a ,tart o$
,upportin4 t%e implementation o$ t%e J5a7 on /i,a,ter ProtectionK -approved
in 200#., t%e trainin4 o$ ,elected ,taE o$ EM3 %eadDuarter, and it, #0 local
branc%e,, ne7ly created /i,a,ter &i,8 &eduction Council, in ei4%t sums o$
$our aimags, *0 %erder 4roup, ,et up to introduce community-ba,ed di,a,ter
protection, and t%e preparation o$ t%e Jational Pro4ram on Public
37arene,, $or /i,a,ter PreventionLK
P%a,e #, 7it% a time-$rame o$ *5 mont%, and a con,iderable %i4%er
bud4et -)S P 2,000,000. t%an t%e previou, t7o p%a,e,, aimed to ,olidi$y and
broaden t%e re,ult, obtained in P%a,e, 1 and 2L <und, $or P%a,e # 7ere
provided by t%e Fovernment o$ 5u0embour4 -)S P 1,#00,000. and t%e )nited
ation, /evelopment Pro4ramme -)/P. -)S P 200,000.L 3 ,ummary o$ t%e
main $eature, -objective,, ,taOn4, ,cope, $undin4. o$ all t%e t%ree p%a,e,
can be $ound in 3nne0 1L
3ccordin4 to t%e (erm, o$ &e$erence -(o&,. o$ t%e terminal evaluation
o$ P%a,e # -,ee 3nne0 2., t%e a,,e,,ment 7ill $ocu, on t%e ac%ievement,,
,ucce,, and eEectivene,, o$ t%e project by loo8in4 at potential impact, and
,u,tainability o$ output, and outcome,, includin4 t%e contribution to t%e
implementation o$ t%e national policy on di,a,ter ri,8 protection, individual
and or4aniIational capacity development, and public a7arene,, and
11
educationL (%e terminal evaluation ,%ould al,o %i4%li4%t t%e be,t and 7or,t
practice, in addre,,in4 i,,ue, related to relevance, per$ormance and
,ucce,,L Ba,ed on t%e evaluation re,ult,, recommendation are to be made
concernin4 action, to $ollo7 up or rein$orce initial beneNt, $rom t%e project,
and propo,al, $or $uture direction, underlinin4 t%e $urt%er need,L
6n brie$, t%e terminal evaluation purpo,e emp%a,iIe, accountability =7%at
%ave been t%e merit, o$ t%e project and %o7 eEectively %ave t%e activitie,
been implemented; (%ere i,, %o7ever, al,o an element o$ learnin4 =7%at
recommendation, could be made $or an eEective e0it ,trate4y and po,,ible
$ollo7 up activitie,; (%e u,er, o$ t%e evaluation re,ult, include all 8ey
,ta8e%older,: donor a4ency, )/P, EM3, ot%er collaboratin4 a4encie,,
tar4et communitie,L (%e Nnal evaluation report 7ill be ,ubmitted to t%e
)/P oOce in Mon4oliaL (%e detailed evaluation plan can be $ound in 3nne0
# and 7ill be pre,ented in more detail in C%apter 2L
Pro2e$t des$ription (synthesis'
P%a,e # Nrmly ,et out to con,olidate t%e eEort, $rom P%a,e, 1 and 2L (%e
o(erall goal i, to contribute to ,u,tainin4 development 4ain, o$ t%e country
by reducin4 ri,8, and vulnerabilitie, t%rou4% en%anced 4overnment capacity
and 7ider partner,%ip, 7it% ot%er ,ector,, and re4ion,L (%e prin$ipal
o%2e$ti(es are: 1. Support implementation o$ t%e lon4-term ,trate4y o$
12
(%e e(al.ation o%2e$ti(es are to a,,e,,:
1- (%e eEectivene,, o$ project activitie, in contribution to 8ey objective, o$
t%e project
2-(%e impact and ,u,tainability o$ project activitie, on t%e tar4et
communitie,, in particular, t%e level o$ beneNciary participation in project
activitie,
#-(%e eEectivene,, o$ project mana4ement, particularly concernin4
Mon4olia $or di,a,ter ri,8 mana4ement to minimiIe vulnerability and improve
preparedne,,M 2. En%ance in,titutional capacity $or di,a,ter mana4ement
and emer4ency re,pon,eM and, #. 3,,i,t in adaptin4 to climate c%an4e t%at
adver,ely aEect, ,u,tainable development o$ t%e country, e,pecially t%o,e in
t%e rural environment,L (%e eEort, o$ t%e previou, project p%a,e, $or
empo7erment $or rural 7omen 7it% $ocu, on %erder 4roup, 7ill be
inten,iNed in p%a,e 666 $or all output, in line 7it% )/P 4uideline,, includin4
t%e )/P:, Ei4%t-Point 34enda $or 9omen:, Empo7erment and Fender
EDuality in Cri,i, Prevention and &ecoveryL
6n order to ac%ieve t%e,e ambitiou, 4oal,, t%e project team identiNed
nine interrelated strategiesL 6n ,ummary, t%ey are:
Buildin4 ,tron4er partner,%ip, $or di,a,ter ri,8 reduction -/&&. in Mon4olia:
(%i, include, not only re4ular meetin4, and in$ormation ,%arin4, but a $ully
developed ,et o$ ,%ared re,pon,ibilitie, or a $ormaliIed 7or8 pro4ramL 6t can
be $o,tered by more ,u,tained eEort, o$ t%e 7ider international and donor
community in 7%ic% t%e )nited ation, ,y,tem can %ave con,iderable
inQuenceL ational level -a de,i4nated Partner,%ip <ocal Point at EM3. and
sum/khoroo level partner,%ip development ,%ould be 4iven attention,
includin4 t%e active en4a4ement o$ %erder 4roup, a, primary community-
ba,ed di,a,ter mana4ement -CB/M. in,titutionL
3ddre,,in4 di,tinctive %aIard ri,8,, need,, and re,ultin4 capabilitie, in rural
and urban ,ettin4,1 &ural and urban population, %ave diEerent need, to
minimiIe t%e impact, o$ ,lo7-on,et di,a,ter,, iLeL, dzud, drou4%t and ot%er
climate-related %aIard, lar4ely aEectin4 rural population,. and rapid-on,et
di,a,ter,, iLeL, Qoodin4, $ore,t and 4ra,,land Nre,, eart%Dua8e, c%emical
,pill, and contamination, tran,port di,a,ter,.L More attention 7ill be 4iven to
t%e ri,8 identiNcation and a,,e,,ment proce,,L
Buildin4 /&& capacity in eac% re4ion: 3 re4ional $acility to maintain re4ular
trainin4 and re-trainin4 o$ EM3 per,onnel 7ill be e,tabli,%ed enablin4
8no7led4e and e0perience ,%arin4 t%rou4% variou, re4ional event, and
,imulation e0erci,e,, e,tabli,%ment o$ a re4ion-,peciali,ed re,cue unit, and a
1#
re4ional level re,erve ,y,tem $or more eOcient mana4ement o$ ,tate
re,erve,L
Supportin4 ac%ievement o$ Millennium /evelopment Foal, and poverty
alleviation in Mon4olia: P%a,e 666 reco4niIe, t%e contribution o$ re,pon,ible
di,a,ter ri,8 mana4ement to ,u,tainable developmentL 6n t%i, re,pect,
project activitie,, e,pecially at sum and aimag level, 7ill pur,ue care$ul
con,ideration o$ need, o$ t%e poor and mar4inaliIed %ou,e%old,, and t%eir
active participation in relevant mea,ure, to7ard, improvin4 t%eir di,a,ter
re,ilience and liveli%oodL
<acilitatin4 4ender main,treamin4 in /&&: 9omen are ,till under-repre,ented
in mana4ement and deci,ion ma8in4 po,ition, e,pecially in rural area,L
Fender ,en,itive approac%e, 7ill be inte4rated in all a,pect, o$ t%e project
reco4niIin4 t%e diEerent need, o$ 7omen, men, yout% and t%e
di,advanta4edL 3ttention 7ill be 4iven to build 7omen:, ,8ill, and conNdence
t%rou4% ,upportin4 t%eir repre,entation in t%e sum/khoroo Partner,%ip
Council,, and Project Board, o$ nukhurluls -%erder 4roup,., election o$
competent $emale candidate, a, a leader o$ nukhurluls, c%air o$ sum/khoroo
Partner,%ip Council, and nukhurlul Project Board,, and 7omen:, eDual
participation in ,8ill trainin4, and ot%er event, t%at beneNt per,onal 4ro7t%L
3,,i,tin4 adaptation o$ vulnerable communitie, to climate c%an4e: 6t i,
envi,ioned to en%ance t%e adaptive capacitie, o$ vulnerable communitie, in
bot% urban and rural area,L 6t i, al,o intended to build ,tron4er climate
re,ilience and climate ri,8 a7arene,, amon4 4overnment aut%oritie, at
diEerent level,, 8ey partner or4aniIation, t%rou4% major a,,e,,ment, and
policy $ormulation proce,,e,L
Maintainin4 multi-%aIard approac%: (%e $ocu, 7ill be on t%e mi,,in4
component, o$ t%e di,a,ter mana4ement ,y,tem, to en,ure t%at %aIard
impact, are minimiIedL EEort, 7ill %i4%li4%t community-level preparedne,,
$or reducin4 ri,8,L
Buildin4 capacity o$ t%e )/P Country OOce: (%rou4% t%e Environment and
rural development clu,ter, t%e )/P 7ould advocate and 7or8 7it% relevant
)nited ation, -). a4encie, in developin4 internal capacity 7it%in t%e
1*
,y,tem $or main,treamin4 di,a,ter ri,8 reduction in pro4ram, and plan,L
3dditionally, t%ere i, increa,in4 need $or a more coordinated and
collaborative eEort amon4 variou, donor, 7or8in4 in /&& Neld to eEectively
u,e available re,ource,L
>no7led4e Mana4ement: Product, t%at 7ill be produced include trainin4
material,, ,c%ool curricula, publication, and media broadca,tin4, 7or8,%op,,
report, and 7eb pa4e, o$ )/P and EM3L (%e tran,$er to and o7ner,%ip o$
t%e,e product, by Mon4olian in,titution, 7ill be vitalL (%e approac% $or t%e
climate c%an4e ri,8 component 7ill %ave t%ree layer, o$ 8no7led4e ,%arin4:
documentin4 traditional re,pon,e, to climate c%an4e in Mon4oliaM
educational product, developed in cooperation 7it% FO,M trainin4 o$ local
4overnment per,onal, at all level,, EM3 ,taE and citiIen,L
6n term, o$ ,cope, P%a,e # intended to cover EM3:, national ,tructure
includin4 21 aimag- and + )laanbaatar di,trict- branc%e,L (%e number o$
sums to be covered increa,ed $rom " to 12 repre,entin4 1 -up $rom *.
aimagsL (7o di,trict, in )laanbaatar 7ere ,elected to pilot novel urban
di,a,ter ri,8 mana4ement eEort,L
De(elopment $onte+t
P%a,e # ,tarted durin4 a diOcult time $or Mon4oliaL 6n 200+, t%ere 7a, a
,%arp decline in Fro,, /ome,tic Product -F/P. due to t%e 4lobal Nnancial
cri,i, and $allin4 commodity price,L (%e economy, inQation, and %ou,e%old
$ood ,ecurity 7ere $urt%er te,ted by t%e di,a,trou, impact o$ t%e dzud or
,evere 7inter o$ 200+!2010L (%i, dzud %ad a ,tron4 ne4ative impact on t%e
a4ricultural ,ector -accountin4 $or about 20R o$ F/P and employin4 clo,e to
*0R o$ t%e national labour-$orce., and con,eDuently on t%e liveli%ood, o$
%erder,, 7%o lo,t a total o$ +L2 million %ead o$ live,toc8 or 22R o$ t%e
national %erd, an unprecedented percenta4eL Ba,ed on data $rom EM3 and
t%e Mini,try o$ <ood, 34riculture and 5i4%t 6ndu,try -Mo<356., t%e 200+-2010
dzud ,tudy report conclude, t%at 1",*25 %erder %ou,e%old, or *0R o$ all
15
%ou,e%old, lo,t more t%an 50R o$ t%eir live,toc8 -EM3 and )/P, 2010,
pL*1.L Gerder, and t%e 4overnment ali8e 7ere not 7ell prepared,
undere,timated t%e ri,8,, reacted late, and 7ere ill-eDuipped to deal 7it% t%e
con,eDuence, -$or a detailed and $ran8 ,tudy report o$ 7%y t%i, dzud 7a, ,o
di,a,trou,, ,ee, )/P and EM3, 2010.L 5e,,on, $rom t%e previou, dzud
e0perience, -t%ree in a ro7 durin4 1+++-2001. ,eemed to %ave been
$or4otten alreadyL (%e impact o$ t%e dzud increa,ed internal mi4ration to
urban area, a, people ,earc% $or better liveli%ood opportunitie,L (%e rural to
urban mi4ration, e,pecially to )laanbaatar, i, re,ultin4 in more and ne7
urban vulnerabilitie,, 7%ic% i, 7or,ened by a4in4 urban in$ra,tructureL
(%e di,a,ter put EM3, t%e ) Country OOce, and t%e )/P project
team to a very ,eriou, te,tL 6t 7ould al,o lead to ,tron4ly increa,ed
7or8load, po,t-dzud, a, a number o$ ne7, recovery-$ocu,ed project, 7ere
approved, in particular, a ca,% $or 7or8 project -to remove t%e carca,,e, o$
t%e million, o$ dead animal,., and a 7interiIation pro4ram -to provide
material a,,i,tance to %erder, to improve preparedne,,.L Bot% t%e,e project,
7ere developed and e0ecuted 7it% input, $rom t%e )/P project team, 7it%
a major time and eEort contributed by t%e ational Project Mana4erL
(%e )/P Mon4olia team analyIed t%e cau,e, o$ t%e dzud and it,
,ub,eDuent impact, on %erder,: liveli%ood,, ,ummariIed in t%e table belo7
-Mon4olia /Iud 3ppeal, 2010.L
Ta%le &1 )a.ses o* !!;#!&! dzud and its s.%se<.ent impa$ts in
Mongolia
)a.ses Impa$t
Summer drou4%t
aEectin4 many part, o$
t%e country
5ac8 o$ %ou,e%old-con,erved %ay production due to
t%e drou4%t
Poor body condition o$ animal, 7it% lo7 $at re,erve,
5ac8 o$ %ay available on t%e private mar8et
6ncrea,in4 national %erd 5ac8 o$ alternative income-4eneratin4 opportunitie,
led more people to 8eep live,toc8
Si4niNcant increa,e in 4oat population, a, ca,%mere i,
a Sca,% crop:
&e,ultant environmental de4radation and over-
11
4raIin4 contributed to poor body condition o$ animal,
at t%e end o$ ,ummer
)nu,ually cold 7inter
$ollo7,
(emperature, belo7 -*5
o
C in many area, $or a lon4
period
<reDuent and %eavy
,no7$all i, e0perienced,
preventin4 acce,, to
7inter 4raIin4
Early ,no7 t%a7ed and re$roIe a, an ice cover over
pa,ture,
(%ic8 layer o$ ,no7 aEectin4 mobility o$ %erder, and
live,toc8
<reDuent ,no7,torm,
5ac8 o$ ,tored %ay $or
di,tribution and ,ale
&ole played by $ormer State <odder &e,erve no7 le$t
to mar8et $orce,
3 ,erie, o$ 4ood ,ummer, re,ulted in poor mar8et $or
%ay, ,o private merc%ant, reduced production in
,ummer 200+
(urnin4 to t%e policy, in,titutional and or4aniIational a,pect, o$ t%e di,a,ter,
)/P and EM3, in a joint ,tudy report o$ t%e dzud publi,%ed in ovember
2010, concluded -pL vii.:
"A better anticipation capacity would be eective to overcome the eects o!
dzud" by improving preparation and timely managing the response# $etter
coordination ability would make easier the implementation o! relevant
policies" such as livestock policy or disaster management policy" as well as
the operational management o! response" either among national institutions
or between %ongolian institutions and their international partners#
Anticipation and coordination capacities should be based on a proper
organisation" able to design policies" to plan and to respond#"
(%e report propo,ed a diEerent loo8 at dzud alto4et%er -pL2, bold in t%e
ori4inal.: "At the end o! the preparation o! this report" we are convinced that
the key &uestion is now to understand why is the Mongolian state
unable to take advantage of these previous works [studies,
recommendations to think a strategy, design a policy and
implement it' (n other terms" the solutions to the dzud problem are known"
and do not need to be !arther explored# Thus" !rom now on" dzud should not
12
be addressed any more as a speci)c issue" but as the symptom of a
systemic problem#"
6n 2010 and 2011, t%e country rebounded due to ri,in4 international
commodity price,, and 7it% on4oin4 %i4% level, o$ $orei4n direct inve,tment
-</6. in t%e minin4 ,ectorL 6t i, no7 one o$ t%e $a,te,t 4ro7in4 economie, in
3,iaL 6t i, to note t%ou4% t%at t%e very rapid e0pan,ion o$ t%e minin4 ,ector i,
creatin4 ne7 %aIard,, $or e0ample, due to t%e tran,port and u,e o$ lar4er
Duantitie, o$ c%emical, t%rou4%out many part o$ t%e countryL (%i, i,
increa,in4 t%e probability o$ c%emical accident, $or 7%ic% t%e emer4ency
,y,tem i, poorly prepared to deal 7it%L
(%e ,teady increa,e in </6 and macro-economic 4ro7t%, %ave not led,
%o7ever, to ,i4niNcant poverty reduction, increa,ed $ood ,ecurity, job
creation, or tran,$er o$ tec%nolo4yL 3, reported in t%e )nited ation,
/evelopment 3,,i,tance <rame7or8 -)/3<. 2012-2011 report, 11R o$ M/F
tar4et, are on trac8 and!or li8ely to be ac%ieved by 2015L <our M/F, are
unli8ely to be met by 2015: Eradicatin4 Poverty and Gun4er, Promotin4
Fender EDuality, En,urin4 Environmental Su,tainability, and /emocratic
Fovernance and Guman &i4%t,L Even 7%ere national avera4e, ,%o7 an
overall improvement, ,uc% a, ,c%ool enrolment, and reduction, in c%ild and
maternal mortality, di,a44re4ated data reveal di,tinct di,paritie, bet7een
urban and rural area,, $emale, and male,, et%nic minoritie,, a, 7ell a, t%e
di,abled and ot%er di,advanta4ed and mar4inaliIed 4roup, -)/3< 2011: 1.L
Gerder, %ave become both more independent -individualiIed. and
more vulnerable a, t%e country continue, to move to a mar8et-led
development modelL Gerder liveli%ood, %ave become e0po,ed to a ne7 and
c%an4in4 con,tellation o$ vulnerabilitie, related to t%ree interrelated $orce,:
climate c%an4e and 7eat%er dynamic,, natural re,ource de4radation, and
,ocietal c%an4e,L 6n addition to more unpredictable climate -c%an4e. and
7eat%er ri,8,, t%eir liveli%ood, %ave become dependent on increa,in4ly
de4raded and ,carce natural re,ource,L Over4raIin4 i, a drivin4 $orce o$
de4radin4 ,carce natural re,ource,L )p to #0 percent o$ Mon4olia:, 4ra,,land
bioma,, production %a, been lo,t over t%e pa,t *0 year,L 3t t%e ,ame time,
1"
t%e Fobi de,ert, 7%ic% dominate, t%e ,out%ern %al$ o$ t%e country, %a, been
,teadily e0pandin4 nort% at a pace o$ 1508m every 20 year,L
<or %erder, and many urban d7eller,, di,a,ter ri,8 mana4ement,
natural re,ource mana4ement, and adaptation to climate c%an4e are
becomin4 one and t%e ,ame t%in4L
Str.$t.re o* e(al.ation report
<ollo7in4 t%i, introduction, C%apter 2 pre,ent, t%e evaluation approac% and
met%odolo4yL C%apter # ,ummariIe, t%e main evaluation Nndin4, and
analy,i,L C%apter *, aut%ored by &onnie 'ernooy, include, t%ree ,torie, $rom
t%e Neld 7%ic% 4ive a more in-dept% vie7 o$ t%e e0perience,, ac%ievement,
and c%allen4e,L C%apter 5 oEer, t%e a,,e,,ment -ratin4. o$ t%e main re,ult,
ac%ievedL C%apter 1 conclude,, and C%apter 2 identiNe, ,ome le,,on,
learned and ma8e, a number o$ recommendation,L (7elve anne0e, can be
$ound in a companion documentL
1+
#E(al.ation strategy
Approa$h and methodology
(%e evaluation purpo,e a, $ormulated in t%e t%ree broad evaluation
objective, -,ee C%apter 1., emp%a,iIe, accountability =9%at %ave been t%e
merit, o$ t%e project and %o7 eEectively %ave t%e activitie, been
implemented by t%e project team and t%e partner,; (%ere i, al,o an element
o$ learning =9%at recommendation, could be made $or an e0it ,trate4y and
$ollo7 up activitie,; 9%at le,,on, %ave been learned; 6n order to addre,,
bot% accountability and learnin4, t%e evaluation approac% combined
Duantitative and Dualitative met%od, and con,ulted a variety o$ ,ource,L
/etail, by evaluation objective are pre,ented belo7L (%e very lon4 li,t o$
evaluation Due,tion, provided in t%e (o&, -3nne0 2. 7a, re4rouped in t%e
$ollo7in4 cate4orie,: $ea,ibility, mana4ement, ,ummative a,,e,,ment, and
$ormative a,,e,,ment -3nne0 #.L (%e,e $our cate4orie, 7ere u,ed to
,tructure intervie7, 7it% all 8ey in$ormant,L
(%e approac% u,ed 7a, .tili=ation#*o$.sed, 7it% a ,%arp eye $or u,e
o$ re,ult, $rom t%e very be4innin4 -Patton 1++2.L 3ttempt, 7ere made to u,e
a met%odolo4y and 4enerate re,ult, -includin4 a report. t%at 7ould be put to
4ood u,e, not only in term, o$ t%e terminal evaluation per se, but al,o
concernin4 ) pro4rammin4 in Mon4olia at lar4eL <or e0ample, t%e report
include, a ,erie, o$ ca,e ,torie, or learnin4 ,torie, 7%ic% could be u,ed
,eparately to %i4%li4%t t%e ac%ievement, and le,,on, o$ bot% t%e project and
t%e ) Country OOce in Mon4oliaL (%e,e ,torie, could be printed and!or be
made available on t%e internet, and ,erve a7arene,, rai,in4, e0ten,ion, and
educational purpo,e,L 3not%er e0ample, t%e Due,tionnaire, developed $or
council member, and $or %erder, could be u,ed to do a SNnal: a,,e,,ment o$
outcome, and impact o$ all council, and %erder 4roup, -,ee 3nne0 * $or t%e
Due,tionnaire,.L
(rian4ulation o$ in$ormation 7a, pur,ued t%rou4%out t%e evaluation a,
muc% a, po,,ibleL 3 t%orou4% document revie7 o$ all project Nle, 7a,
complemented 7it% a lar4e number o$ intervie7, and $ocu, 4roup
20
di,cu,,ion, -,ee 3nne0 5 $or t%e li,t o$ document, and 3nne0 1 $or a li,t o$
people intervie7ed., a, 7ell a, 7it% participant ob,ervation in t%e oOce and
in t%e NeldL 3 ,mall number o$ participatory tec%niDue, 7ere u,ed to en4a4e
project ,ta8e%older, in t%e evaluation, ,ee8in4 t%eir a,,e,,ment o$ t%e level
and meanin4 o$ t%eir participation in t%e project, t%e re,ult,, and le,,on,
learnedL <our o$ ,uc% e0erci,e, 7ere done 7it% t%e project team in
)laanbaatar -,ee 3nne0 2.L (%e evaluation team interacted $reDuently 7it%
t%e project team ,taE to obtain not only relevant in$ormation, but al,o t%eir
per,pective, on t%e evaluation a, 7ell a, $eedbac8 on t%e approac% u,edL
/ra$t ,ection, o$ t%e evaluation report 7ere ,ubmitted early on to t%e project
team to obtain $eedbac8 about accuracy, pre,entation, and interpretationL
Pro$e,,ional evaluation ,tandard, includin4 a code o$ conduct 7ere u,ed
t%rou4%out t%e proce,, to 4uarantee t%e inte4rity o$ in$ormation collection,
analy,i, and di,,eminationL
Be$ore proceedin4 to a detailed de,cription o$ met%odolo4y, a 7ord
about 8ey concept,M ,ee Bo0 1L
21
>o+ &1 A 0ord a%o.t /ey $on$epts
6n project document,, evaluator, noted incon,i,tent u,e o$ 8ey
concept,L Project activities are ,ometime, li,ted a, o.tp.tsL 6n t%i,
evaluation report, activitie, are con,idered inp.tsL <or e0ample,
%oldin4 a trainin4 7or8,%op i, an input to 4eneratin4 ne7 8no7led4e or
a ne7 ,8illL (%e 8no7led4e!,8ill 4ained i, an o.tp.t, $or e0ample, t%e
ability to Duic8ly e0tin4ui,% a $ore,t NreL 9%en t%e ne7 ,8ill i, put to
4ood practice, it 7ill produce an o.t$ome, $or e0ample, reduction o$
$ore,t Nre, and t%u, con,ervation o$ timber, nut,, berrie, etcL (%e
c%an4e t%i, practice contribute, to i, an impa$t, $or e0ample,
,a$e4uardin4 o$ timber production income or $ood ,ecurityL
O.tp.ts1 /irect tan4ible and intan4ible product, delivered by an
intervention, includin4 document,, publication,, trainin4 ,e,,ion, %eld,
con$erence, or4aniIed, number o$ people trained, number o$ 7or8,%op
participant,, ne7 8no7led4e and ,8ill, acDuiredL
O.t$omes1 3n immediate or ,%ort-term be%avioural c%an4e e0pre,,ed
a, an ability to develop ne7 action,, activitie,, relation,%ip,,
or4aniIation,, or net7or8, $ormedL
Impa$t1 (%e contribution or eEect o$ outcome,, o$ten on a lon4er time-
Source: 3dapted $rom Gorton et alL 200#L
E(al.ation methods and so.r$es %y e(al.ation o%2e$ti(e
Objective 1: Evaluate t%e eEectivene,, o$ project activitie, in contribution to
8ey objective, o$ t%e project
o &evie7 o$ 8ey P%a,e # document, plu, ,elected ot%er document, o$
P%a,e, 1 and 2L
o &evie7 o$ all output, produced by t%e projectL
o &evie7 o$ ot%er document, -eL4L, ne7,paper article,.L
o 6ntervie7, 7it% re,ource per,on, at national, di,trict, khoroo, aimag, sum
and local level,, includin4 ) Country OOce, )/P and EM3
mana4ement and operational ,taE, ,taE o$ 4overnment a4encie, -eL4L,
ME(, 3MEM, Mo<356., FO ,taE, 4overnment ,taE at aimag and sum
level,, member, o$ t%e /i,a,ter &i,8 &eduction Partner,%ip Council,
-/&&PC,., %erder leader, and %erder, -7omen and men. in tar4et ,ite,L
On#sites (isits and inspe$tions o$ material and eDuipment 7ere made
to t%e EM3:, Special &e,cue )nit, t%e 105 Emer4ency Station, and t%e
C%in4eltei <ire-,tation oL 10 in )laanbaatarL
o <ocu, 4roup di,cu,,ion 7it% t%e core project team to do a participatory
a,,e,,ment o$ ac%ievement,, in particular partner,%ip buildin4 and
,ta8e%older participationL (%e di,cu,,ion contributed to the
assessment?rating pre,ented in C%apter 5L 6n addition, t%e Nve
pro$e,,ional ,taE member, o$ t%e project team 7ere intervie7ed
individually about t%eir 7or8, re,ult, and c%allen4e,L
o 6ntervie7, -by e-mail. 7it% ,elected international and national con,ultant,
7%o played a 8ey role in project implementationL
Objective 2: Evaluate t%e impact and ,u,tainability o$ project activitie, on
t%e tar4et communitie,, in particular, t%e level o$ beneNciary participation in
project activitie,
o &evie7 o$ 8ey P%a,e # document, plu, ,elected ot%er document, o$
P%a,e, 1 and 2L
o &evie7 o$ all output, produced by t%e projectL
o &evie7 o$ ot%er document, -eL4L, ne7,paper article,.L
o O.t$ome and impa$t <.estionnaires $or /&&PC member, and %erder,
-,ee 3nne0 * $or t%e $orm,.L (%e /&&PC, o$ Ja4alt8%aan and Binder sum
and ,i0 %erder 4roup, in bot% sums Nlled in t%e Due,tionnaire,L
22
o Ca,e ,tudy or ,tudie,: Community Neld vi,it or vi,it, -includin4 t%e Mobile-
4er 6n$ormation Center-,., and ,mall 4rant, project activitie, carried out
by communitie,., participant ob,ervation, and intervie7, 7it% member, o$
tar4et communitie,, at %ou,e%old and community level, impact,
,u,tainability, and participation in project activitie,L 6n )laanbaatar, a %al$-
day Neld vi,it 7a, made to t%e 12
t%
khorooL 3 Nve day, Neld vi,it to >%entii
aimag 7a, made includin4 vi,it, to Ja4alt8%aan and Binder sums and
)ndur8%aan aimag centerL Three learning stories about t%e,e Neld
vi,it, are pre,ented in C%apter *L
Objective #: Evaluate t%e eEectivene,, o$ project mana4ement, particularly
t%e partner,: capacity in coordination, monitorin4, plannin4, reportin4,
learnin4 and re,ource mana4ement
o 6ntervie7, 7it% re,ource per,on, at international, national, aimag, sum
and local level,, includin4 )/P and EM3 mana4ement and operational
,taE, ,taE o$ ot%er 4overnment a4encie,, non-4overnment a4encie, ,taE,
member, o$ t%e /&&PC,, %erder leader, and %erder, -7omen and men. in
tar4et ,ite, to a,,e,, coordination, monitorin4, plannin4, reportin4,
learnin4 and re,ource mana4ementL
o 6ndividual intervie7, 7it% t%e project team member,L
o &evie7 o$ 8ey P%a,e # project document, and project output,L
o Participant ob,ervation in t%e oOce and NeldL
<acilitated by t%e e0cellent lo4i,tical ,upport and $ull cooperation o$ t%e
project team, t%e evaluation 7a, carried out 7it%out delay, more or le,,
accordin4 to t%e ori4inal ,c%edule -,ee table 2.L
Ta%le 1 A$t.al e(al.ation mission s$hed.le
July 1"-22 1"-21: Preparation o$ detailed 7or8-plan
22: Submi,,ion o$ detailed 7or8-plan
July 25-2+ 61 Re(ie0 and appro(al o* 0or/#plan
25-2+: Meetin4, 7it% project team -mornin4,. and 7it% ,ta8e%older, in
)B
25-2+: /ocument revie7
2+: Preparation, $or Neld mi,,ion
3u4u,t 1-5 <ield mi,,ion, $eedbac8 meetin4 on Neld mi,,ion
3u4u,t "-
12
"-11: 3dditional meetin4, 7it% team and ,ta8e%older, in )B,
additional document revie7M preparation o$ pre,entation o$
preliminary Nndin4,
&1 Presentation o* preliminary -ndings in NEMA head<.arters
3u4u,t 15-
1+
Preparation o$ dra$t report
<inal intervie7, in )B
3u4u,t 22- 22-25: Preparation o$ dra$t report
2#
21 21: Submi,,ion o$ dra$t Nnal report
3u4u,t 2+-
Septembe
r 2
2+-#0: &eceive $eedbac8 on dra$t Nnal report
#1: Preparin4 Nnal report
&1 S.%mission o* -nal report
1 Appro(al o* -nal report
Use o* a gender perspe$ti(e
6n P%a,e, 1 and 2 o$ t%e project t%ere 7a, no e+pli$it 4ender $rame7or8 to
in$orm analy,i,, activitie,, monitorin4 and evaluationL (%i, c%an4ed in t%e
P%a,e # 7%en t%e need $or a 4ender analytical $rame7or8 7a, ac8no7led4ed
and reDuiredL (%i, reDuirement applied to all ) pro4rammin4 in Mon4olia
alt%ou4% an eEort 7a, made to adapt a ,peciNc $rame7or8 $or eac% projectL
(%e approved P%a,e # propo,al reQected t%i, ne7 ,ituation and include, a
para4rap% outlinin4 a ,trate4y to $acilitate 4ender main,treamin4 in di,a,ter
ri,8 reduction -pL 1*.L Go7ever, none o$ t%e t%ree major e0pected outcome,,
none o$ t%e nine e0pected output,, and only t7o o$ t%e #2 propo,ed core
activitie, re$er to!elaborate t%e propo,ed 4ender main,treamin4 ,trate4yL 6t
7a, only in 200+ t%at 7or8 on inte4ratin4 4ender in a systematic and more
detailed manner in t%e P%a,e # a4enda ,tartedL >o% Miyaoi, Fender policy
advi,or $rom t%e Colombo &e4ional Centre, vi,ited Mon4olia in January 200+
to provide advice to t%e ) Country OOce and to eac% o$ t%e ) ,upported
project team, individuallyL
Ba,ed on %er di,cu,,ion 7it% t%e project team, t%e $ollo7in4 prioritie,
7ere a4reed upon: 1. EDual participation o$ 7omen and men in project
activitie,, in particular in trainin4, and deci,ion-ma8in4 bodie,M 2. ),e o$ a
4ender analytical $rame7or8 $or t%e revie7 and development o$ la7,,
policie, and ,trate4ie,, includin4 t%e collection o$ ,e0-di,a44re4ated dataM #.
Commitment to t%e recommendation, made by t%e Committee on t%e
Elimination o$ /i,crimination 34ain,t 9omen -CE/39.L More ,peciNcally,
accordin4 to t%e trip report by >o% Miyaoi, t%e P%a,e # project team a4reed
to $acilitate a plat$orm $or 7omen!7omen:, 4roup, to be more actively
involved in project related deci,ion-ma8in4 proce,,e,, and provide 4ender
trainin4 to Neld-ba,ed partner, in 200+ ,o t%at 4ender diEerentiated need,
2*
and concern, o$ community people can be con,idered, and 7omen 7ill be
empo7ered in tar4et communitie,L
3, a direct $ollo7 up to t%e advice, t%e project team contracted a
national team o$ con,ultant, -(L 3m4alan, BL Onon, L Baya,4alan, and SL
Symon, o$ t%e Fender Center $or Su,tainable /evelopment. to 4uide t%em to
implement a compre%en,ive 4ender ,trate4yL 6n July 200+, t%e report
?Fender analy,i, o$ di,a,ter vulnerability in t%e tar4eted location, and
development o$ a project 4ender main,treamin4 ,trate4y? 7a, receivedL (%e
analy,i, 7a, ba,ed on Neld7or8 in t%e ne7 project ,ite, in )laanbaatar,
>entii, Bul4an and /und4ovi and re,ulted in ,everal important Nndin4,
concernin4 7omen:, and men:, diEerent e0perience,, reaction,, and ,pace
$or action, concernin4 di,a,ter, and t%eir impactL (%e con,ultant team
propo,ed t%ree line, o$ action a, core element, o$ a 4ender main,treamin4
,trate4y: 1. Fain a common under,tandin4 about 4ender eDuality principle,
amon4 project team and implementin4 partner,M 2. /evelop 4ender-,peciNc
indicator, to mea,ure t%e re,ult, o$ policie, and action, and collect ,e0-
di,a44re4ated dataM train project ,taE includin4 local coordinator, to collect
,uc% dataM and #. En%ance t%e capacitie, o$ 7omen and men, 4irl, and boy,
$or di,a,ter prevention and reduction o$ di,a,ter ri,8,L (%e evaluator, u,ed
t%e advice to develop an a,,e,,ment $rame7or8 $or t%e 4ender component
-,ee t%e table # belo7.L
Ta%le 31 E(al.ation matri+ *or the gender $omponent
Inp.ts?a$ti(ities O.t$omes
Fender in$ormed revie7 o$ policie,,
la7, and action, includin4 ,peciNc
indicator, $or monitorin4 and
evaluation o$ impact
EDual participation in project trainin4
and deci,ion-ma8in4 bodie,
Fender a7arene,, trainin4
Se0-di,a44re4ated data collection
<acilitation o$ a plat$orm $or 7omen:,
and 7omen 4roup,: involvement in
Common under,tandin4 obtained about
4ender eDuality principle, amon4 project
,taE, implementin4 partner, and tar4et
communitie,
En%anced capacitie, o$
7omen!men!4irl,!boy, $or di,a,ter
prevention, and reduction
People at ri,8 -tar4et communitie, and
t%e public at lar4e. are better in$ormed
and ,upported accordin4 to
4ender!,ocial!a4e ba,ed need, and
25
project activitie, intere,t,A
A/eNned by t%e evaluator, ba,ed on project document,L
Data analysis
<or t%e a,,e,,ment o$ one major 8ind o$ output,, publication,, a ,eparate
$rame7or8 7a, de,i4ned, 7%ic% 7ill be pre,ented in C%apter #L 3,,e,,ed
7ere content and de,i4n, de,cription o$ u,er, and u,e-,., di,,emination
,trate4y, and actual u,eL /ue to t%e lar4e number o$ publication, -more t%an
20. and 4iven time limitation,, only a 4eneral a,,e,,ment 7a, madeL 6n
order to analyIe t%e very lar4e amount o$ in$ormation collected, t%e $ollo7in4
#0# matri0 7a, u,ed to a,,e,, t%e t%ree project objective, t%rou4% t%e len,
o$ t%ree 8ey criteria: eEectivene,,, impact on ,u,tainability, and
,u,tainability!e0it ,trate4y -table *.L
Ta%le 51 E(al.ation analysis matri+

)riteria
O.t$ome
E@e$ti(eness Impa$t on
target
$omm.nities
S.staina%ility?
E+it strategy
&#NEMA strengthened
#A0areness,
ed.$ation and
partnerships
in$reased
3#)limate $hange
adaptation $apa$ity
strengthened
(eam mana4ement 7a, a,,e,,ed in term, o$ internal and e0ternal
mana4ement, concernin4 coordination, plannin4, monitorin4, %uman and
Nnancial re,ource mana4ement, reportin4, and learnin4L
Mid#term pro2e$t e(al.ation (synthesis'
21
(%e terminal evaluation build, on a mid-term evaluation carried out $rom t%e
end o$ 3u4u,t to early October 2010 by a team o$ Nve national con,ultant,L
(%e 4oal 7a, to a,,e,, pro4re,, in term, o$ ac%ievement o$ project
objective,, identi$y c%allen4e,, and ma8e recommendation, to overcome
t%emL Overall, t%eir a,,e,,ment 7a, po,itive to very po,itiveL Concernin4 t%e
national partner,%ip buildin4 ,trate4y, central to t%e project, it 7a, ob,erved
t%at ,olid documentation 7a, lac8in4 to ma8e an a,,e,,mentL
(%e team:, main recommendation, $or EM3 7ere to: a. de,i4n and
pre,ent a cooperation oEer to )/P and ot%er donor, and provide a lon4-
term ,trate4ic planM b. increa,e mini,try oOcer,: a7arene,, and ,en,itivity
to i,,ue, o$ di,a,ter mana4ementM c. arran4e trainin4, $or policy and
plannin4 director, o$ mini,trie, about di,a,ter occurrence and preparedne,,M
d. develop a policy document to carry out di,a,ter ri,8 a,,e,,ment, on a
re4ular ba,i,L <or t%e project team, it recommended to: a. a44re,,ively
,upport a campai4n to promote policy document, t%at are de,i4ned and
developed 7it% t%e a,,i,tance o$ t%e project to %i4%er ran8ed 4overnment
oOcial,, $or in,tance, Parliament and t%e Fovernment member,M b. develop
a met%odolo4y to evaluate trainin4 re,ult,M c. or4aniIe 7or8,%op, enablin4
local community 4roup, to meet and ,%are t%eir 8no7led4e and ,8ill,,
determine ,tren4t%, and 7ea8ne,,e, o$ eac% ot%erL <or local coordinator,,
t%e main recommendation, 7ere: a. inve,t more eEort in increa,in4
a7arene,, o$ local citiIen,, 7%o 7ere not involved in t%e project, about
project objective, and activitie,M b. collaborate 7it% local admini,tration,
bu,ine,, entitie,, non 4overnment or4aniIation,, and local elder, in
re%abilitation o$ local environment, by protectin4 ,prin4, and plantin4 tree,M
c. u,in4 local media to broadca,t in$ormation about di,a,ter ri,8
mana4ementL
Limitations
22
(%e major ob,tacle t%at t%e evaluator, $aced 7a, t%e timin4 o$ t%e
evaluation: in t%e middle o$ t%e country:, ,ummer %olidayL (%i, %ampered
meetin4 a number o$ people 7e %ad 7anted to intervie7 a, 7ell a, bein4
able to %ave a 4roup di,cu,,ion 7it% t%e complete project teamL 9e
ac8no7led4e t%e 8indne,, o$ a number o$ people 7%o a4reed to be
intervie7ed durin4 t%eir %oliday,, and even oEered to ma8e t%e trip to t%e
EM3 %eadDuarter, 7%ere 7e 7ere occupyin4 an oOce durin4 lar4e part o$
t%e evaluation periodL 3 ,econd limitation concerned t%e c%oice o$ t%e Nve
day Neld trip: ori4inally it 7a, envi,ioned to vi,it Bul4an aimag repre,entin4
one o$ t%e ne7 ,ite, covered in P%a,e #L (%e Bul4an vi,it 7a, ,ub,tituted $or
t%e >entii aimag due to t%e unavailability o$ Bul4an project participant, many
o$ 7%om 7ere attendin4 nadaam -national ,ummer %oliday. celebration,L
2"
39 4indings and analysis
A%o.t $apa$ity de(elopment
?9e are ready $or a po,,ible 2011-2012 dzud, but not $or lon4-term di,a,ter
ri,8 mana4ementL Aimag and sum level, need more capacity buildin4L (%e
policy 7or8 %a, been ,uOcientM it i, time $or action no7L? %o*A+( department
director
?9e need to improve t%e 8no7led4e and ,8ill, o$ local people not only o$
pro$e,,ional re,cuer,L? ,-%A aimag deputy chie!
?(%e sum 4overnment i, ea4er to ,upport %erder 4roup,L 6t i, vital $or
%erder, to cooperate to deal 7it% climate c%an4e and proNt $rom mar8etin4
opportunitie,L Fovernment policie, are al,o becomin4 more $avourableL?
.um governor
?/i,a,ter ri,8 mana4ement reDuire, a permanent pro4ram oOcer in t%e
)/P teamL 9e need to lead by e0ampleL? /,01 manager
A%o.t a0areness raising, ed.$ation and partnership %.ilding
?Buildin4 partner,%ip, i, a very ,en,itive t%in4L Many people do not
under,tand 7%at it mean,L (%ere i, more advocacy to doL? /,01 pro2ect
o3cer
?6t i, diOcult ,ometime, to pu,% people to 7or8 to4et%erL (%ere i, no
4overnment policy to ma8e t%e private ,ector cooperate in di,a,ter ri,8
mana4ementL 3nd t%e private ,ector doe, not li8e to ,pend money on itL?
,-%A o3cer
?6$ EM3 7ould under,tand t%e idea o$ partner,%ip,, it 7ould be
revolutionaryL 6t 7ill ta8e timeL 9e Mon4olian, are not very 4ood team
player,L? ,45 director
?(%e people ne7 to )B %ave no idea %o7 to live to4et%erL (%ey are nomad,L
6t ta8e, a lon4 time to c%an4e t%eir attitude, and be%aviourL? /,01 +ocal
coordinator
?Our major ac%ievement i, t%at 7e are no7 identi$yin4 important activitie,
$or t%e sum to4et%erL? 6omen herder group leader
A%o.t poli$y de(elopment and implementation
?6t too8 time to 4et t%e national di,a,ter ri,8 protection policy approvedL
(%ere are many ,ta8e%older,L (%e document, 4o bac8 and $ort%L? /,01
pro2ect o3cer
2+
?9e need to improve policy coordination and e0c%an4e o$ in$ormationL <or
climate c%an4e, t%e c%allen4e i, inte4ration in ,ector,L Joint 7or8in4 4roup,
7ill %elpL? %,-T senior manager
?(%ere i, ,till lac8 o$ under,tandin4 amon4 4overnment about di,a,ter ri,8
mana4ement in term, o$ 7%at 7e could %ave e0pected $rom 10 year, o$
eEortL? /, senior manager
(%e Duote, on t%e openin4 pa4e o$ t%i, c%apter oEer a ,nap,%ot o$ t%e
varied e0perience, and vie7, o$ diEerent people involved in t%e project
ran4in4 $rom %erder, and )laanbaatar in%abitant, to )/P ,taE to %ead, o$
4overnment-, non-4overnment- and international a4encie, ba,ed in
)laanbaatarL (%ey oEer an in,i4%t in t%e actual project implementation o$ t%e
t%ree major Neld, o$ activitie,: public a7arene,, rai,in4 and education,
individual and or4aniIational capacity development, and policy development
and implementationL All the people the evaluators met spoke highly
appreciative o! the work done and results obtained# (%i, c%apter pre,ent, an
overvie7 o$ t%e main ac%ievement, and c%allen4e, encountered in t%e,e
t%ree Neld, ,tructured accordin4 to t%e ori4inal project objective,!e0pected
outcome, and t%rou4% t%e len, o$ t%e criteria o$ eEectivene,,, impact on
tar4et communitie,, ,u,tainability!e0it ,trate4y, and u,e o$ 4ender
per,pectiveL But Nr,t, internal and e0ternal project mana4ement 7ill be
de,cribed acro,, t%e t%ree project objective,!e0pected outcome,L
PROAE)T MANABEMENT
Inp.ts and a$ti(ities
<rom variou, ,ource, includin4 project documentation, eL4L, mont%ly,
Duarterly and annual activity and tec%nical pro4re,, report,, project output,,
eL4L, variou, 8ind, o$ report,, publication,, evaluation intervie7, and
ob,ervation,, it can be concluded t%at t%e project team %a, inve,ted a very
lar4e amount o$ time, ener4y, and commitment to t%e 7or8 carried out ,ince
t%e ,tart o$ P%a,e #L (ime and activitie, 7ere mana4ed and monitored very
,trictly accordin4 to t%e ori4inal lo4-$rame and annual 7or8 plan,L On t%e one
%and, t%i, a,,ured a ,teady proce,, o$ completed planned activitie,
#0
accordin4 to eac% o$ t%e t%ree objective,L On t%e ot%er %and, it led to limited
,pace $or ,tron4 team involvement in project mana4ementL (%ere 7ere $e7
adju,tment, ob,erved in t%e implementation proce,,, $or e0ample, to allo7
$or more inter$acin4 bet7een activitie, carried out in t7o or t%ree o$ t%e
major component,, 7%ic% could %ave been beneNcialL Minor adju,tment,
7it%in eac% o$ t%e component, 7ere made a, can be ,een $rom t%e
numerou, recommendation, made by bot% project team member, and
con,ultant, t%at 7ere Duic8ly put in practiceL
/urin4 t%e P%a,e #, t%e team and t%e country at lar4e %ad to deal 7it%
t7o major event,: t%e di,a,trou, 200+!2010 dzud, and a temporary outbrea8
o$ ,7ine QuL (%e dzud not only put t%e country:, /&M ,tructure, and
operation, under tremendou, pre,,ure, it al,o put t%e project team to a te,tL
(%e team %andled bot% ,tre,, ,ituation, very 7ellL
Ba,ed on t%e c%ronolo4y o$ project activitie, put to4et%er by t%e
project team -,ee 3nne0 "., t%e $ollo7in4 table 7a, prepared by t%e
evaluator,L ote t%at in t%i, table no diEerence i, made bet7een t%e
,iIe!,cope o$ eac% reported activityM eac% activity i, ,imply counted a, oneL
(%e table 7a, put to4et%er to obtain an overvie7 o$ t%e relative importance
o$ t%e variou, main component, o$ t%e project a, 7ell a, t%e evolution over
timeL &e,earc%!,tudy include, ,copin4, revie7, and $ea,ibility inve,ti4ation,L
Policy development cover, EM3-related policy and national-level policy
activitie,L (rainin4 re$er, to trainin4 event, or4aniIed and trainin4 material,
to t%e production proce,,L 3dvocacy concern, a7arene,, rai,in4 and
outreac% activitie,L Partner,%ip, cover t%o,e activitie, earmar8ed a, ,uc%,
but it ,%ould be noted t%at partner,%ip buildin4 eEort, al,o too8 place
t%rou4% policy 7or8 and trainin4L Monitorin4 and evaluation include, a
Nnancial audit -200". and e0ternal evaluation, -2010 and 2011.L (%e table
4ive, a 4ood picture o$ %o7 time and 7or8 7ere di,tributed and evolved over
time, 7%ic% 7a, conNrmed by a revie7 o$ tec%nical report, and durin4 team
intervie7,L
Ta%le 61 Reported a$ti(ities %y pro2e$t $omponent (!!"#!&&'
#1
)omponent !!" !!; !&! !&&C Total
&e,earc%!,tudy # 2 1 0 7
Policy development 2 * # 2 &7
(rainin4!trainin4
material,
2 " 2 10 8
3dvocacy # 2 * 1 &6
Partner,%ip, 2 # 1 1 8
Procurement 0 2 # 0 6
Small $und 4rantin4 0 1 2 1AA 5
Monitorin4 and
evaluation
1 0 1 1 3
Total &" 8 &7 "3
A6nclude, planned activitie, coverin4 September-/ecember 2011L AA(%rou4% a 4rant
donated by t%e Briti,% Emba,,y in Mon4olia o$ )S P *0,000 $or di,a,ter ri,8
mana4ement and climate c%an4e adaptation ,mall 4rant activitie,L
/urin4 t%e Nr,t Duarter o$ 2010, in order to en,ure a ,ucce,,$ul and
timely implementation o$ t%e project:, P%a,e # outcome,, a detailed e0it
,trate4y o$ t%e project 7a, developed -,ee 3nne0 +.L (%e ,trate4y 7a,
implemented ,tep7i,eL Element, o$ t%e ,trate4y 7ill be pre,ented belo7
under t%e t%ree objective,!e0pected outcome,L
Internal management
)oordination1 (%e project 7a, advi,ed by a %i4%-level board repre,entin4
t%e diEerent ,ta8e%older, -4overnment, civil ,ociety, private ,ector, project
tar4et area,, t%e ). c%aired by t%e C%ie$ o$ EM3 appointed by t%e /eputy
Prime Mini,terL (%e board met re4ularly to propo,e con,en,u, ba,ed
mana4ement deci,ion, $or t%e projectL Ba,ed on board meetin4 minute, and
intervie7, 7it% ,everal member,, t%e board operated eEectivelyL (%e day to
day project coordination 7a, led by a very %ard 7or8in4 and eOcient
national project mana4er -PM. 7%o 8ept t%e plannin4 and e0ecution o$
team ta,8, 7ell-controlledL /urin4 t%e ,econd %al$ o$ P%a,e #, %i, 7or8load
increa,ed une0pectedly to deal 7it% po,t-dzud recovery eEort,, 7%ic% %e
%andled 7ellL Coordination included t%e commi,,ion and over,i4%t o$ a
number o$ ba,eline and tec%nical policy ,tudie,, 7%ic% 7ere carried out and
#2
,upported by eOcient u,e o$ international and national con,ultant, 7%en
neededL
Planning1 (%e evaluator, did not ma8e a detailed a,,e,,ment o$ all
t%e plannin4 proce,,e, o$ t%e projectL Ba,ed on relevant document,, actual
project re,ult, and ob,ervation, durin4 t%e evaluation mi,,ion, t%ere do not
appear to %ave been any obviou, plannin4 problem,L Use o* reso.r$es:
Mo,t re,ource, 7ere allocated in accordance 7it% t%e project documentL
3llocation 7a, ,ubject to e0-ante and e0-po,t revie7 by t%e project board
and t%e )/P mana4er,L (%i, ,y,tem 4uaranteed ti4%t control and appeared
to %ave $unctioned 7ellL (%e project could %ave beneNtted $rom more
re,ource, to do more re4ular $ollo7-up activitie,L <or e0ample, local 4roup,
7ould %ave beneNtted $rom additional tec%nical ,upport to ,tren4t%en
,u,tainability -eL4L, to improve mar8etin4 o$ local product,.L (%e 200"
e0ternal Nnancial audit 7a, %i4%ly ,ati,$actory and did not detect any i,,ue,
o$ concernL
Implementation: 6mplementation o$ t%e project 7a, decentraliIed to
a lar4e de4ree bot% 4eo4rap%ically and by project componentL
6mplementation mec%ani,m, at aimag and sum!8%oroo level, 7ere 7ell
de,i4ned and appropriateL 3, 7ill be di,cu,,ed in more detail in a
,ub,eDuent ,ection, t%e team undere,timated t%e ,peed o$ dynamic, o$ t%e
political proce,, in Mon4olia, re,ultin4 in lon4er t%an planned period, o$
di,cu,,ion and approval at Fovernment and Parliament level,L 6t ,%ould be
noted, %o7ever, t%at di,a,ter mana4ement i, a ne7 domain in Mon4olia 7it%
many diEerent ,ta8e%older, $rom ,ector, ,uc% a, a4riculture, environment,
%ealt% and educationL (%e project team $aced diOcultie, to interact 7it% ,o
many Spartie,: and evidently lac8ed advocacy manpo7er and ,8ill,L (%i, 7a,
al,o aEected by turnover o$ 8ey )/P mana4ement ,taE and ,ome project
oOcer,L
Monitoring: (%e PM 7a, re,pon,ible $or monitorin4 overall project
implementation 7it% ,upport o$ t%e )/P country oOceL Monitorin4 o$ t%e
project activitie, at local level, 7a, done by PO-,. by project component
t%rou4% revie7 o$ report, and %al$-yearly or yearly Neld-vi,it,L Pro4re,, 7a,
##
reQected in Duarterly and annual project report,L Con,iderable time and
eEort 7a, ,pent by t%e 7%ole team on monitorin4, but t%e emp%a,i, 7a, on
activitie, rat%er t%an re,ult,L Evaluator, ob,erved a limited 8no7led4e in t%e
team about monitorin4 and evaluation concept,, met%od, and practiceL
Reporting: (%e project board di,cu,,ed annual report, and approved annual
plan, and bud4et, o$ t%e project 7it%out con,traint, or bottlenec8,L
@uarterly report, 7ere timely ,ubmitted to t%e )/P country oOceL (%e
Duality o$ t%e,e report, %a, increa,ed over time 7it% more attention to
re,ult,L 3nnual report, contained a $ran8 pre,entation o$ ,%ortcomin4, and
valuable ,u44e,tion, to deal 7it% t%emL (%e report, delivered by t%e
international con,ultant, are very valuable project output,L 3 lar4e number
o$ report, are available in bot% Mon4olian and En4li,%L
)apa$ity de(elopment o* team1 3lt%ou4% t%e project team i, a
4ood e0ample o$ a learning by doing unit, t%ere 7a, no ,peciNc plan to
up4rade t%eir pro$e,,ional 8no7led4e t%rou4% pro$e,,ional trainin4 activitie,L
(%e team accumulated 4ood e0perience in 7or8in4 on policy development,
acDuirin4 in,i4%t, t%at 7ill be u,e$ul beyond t%e project %oriIonL (%ey 7or8ed
to4et%er on a 4ood number o$ activitie,, 7ere able to bac8,top eac% ot%er
7%en nece,,ary and al,o replace t%e PM 7%en neededL
E+ternal management
(%e project %a, a lon4 li,t o$ partner, 7it% 7%om it interacted and
cooperatedL (%e evaluator, ,elected $our major one, 7%o 7ere very clo,ely
related to and involved in project activitie,: EM3, /&&PC,, SGF,, and GF,L
<or eac% o$ t%e,e partner,, t%e level o$ ,upport 4iven 7a, revie7ed $or t%e
,ame $unction, a, documented $or internal mana4ementL (%e re,ult, are
pre,ented in table 1L
Ta%le 71 E+ternal management1 le(el o* e@ort %y *.n$tions and main
pro2e$t partners
Partne
r
)oordination Planning Monitoring Use o*
Reso.r$e
Reporting )apa$ity
de(elopme
#*
nt
NEMA ,tron4 ,tron4 lo7 ,tron4 lo7 ,tron4
DRRP
)s
,tron4 ,tron4 medium lo7 ,tron4 ,tron4
SDBs ,tron4 ,tron4 medium medium ,tron4 ,tron4
DBs ,tron4 Stron4 medium medium ,tron4 ,tron4
(%e project team ,tron4ly ,upported 8ey partner, in t%e area, o$ plannin4
and coordination and overall capacity developmentL (%e team al,o
encoura4ed and 4uided t%em in ,%arin4 in$ormation and co,t,, or4aniIin4
joint activitie,, and provided continuou, tec%nical and %uman ,upportL 9ea8
area, are monitorin4 and re,ource u,e ,upport, t%e latter 7it% re4ard, to a
lac8 o$ -,el$.Nnancin4 $or $ollo7-up activitie,, alt%ou4% ,ome trainin4 7a,
oEered about $und rai,in4L 6n intervie7,, ,taE o$ EM3 and member, o$
/&&PC,, SGF, and GF,, unanimou,ly e0pre,,ed ,ati,$action about t%e
,upport 4iven by t%e project teamL
#5
RESULTS >E PROAE)T O>AE)TIVE
O>AE)TIVE &?EFPE)TED OUT)OME &: EM3 and it, #0 department, at
aimag/duureg level, %ave en%anced t%eir pro$e,,ional capacitie, t%rou4%
,upported implementation o$ t%e ational <rame7or8 $or 3ction -no7 named
ational /i,a,ter Protection Policy and Pro4ram or /PPP. 2001-2015 $or
reducin4 di,a,ter ri,8,, and re,pondin4 to emer4encie, and ne7 %aIard,,
7it% t%e care$ul con,ideration o$ re4ional ,peciNc, and t%eir diver,iNed
need,L
O.tp.t &9&: (%e Multi-Tear P%a,ed ational 6mplementation Plan $or t%e <3
i, ,upportedL
O.tp.t &9: &e,ource mobiliIation and material ,upport ,trate4y and action
plan $or national di,a,ter miti4ation and mana4ement are developed and
implementation ,upportedL
O.tp.t &93: ational &e,earc% capacity includin4 EM3:, i, en%anced to
a,,ume dutie, to conduct reDuired ri,8 a,,e,,ment,, develop di,a,ter
mana4ement plan, and ,et Standard Operatin4 Procedure, -SOP,. to
eEectively deal 7it% emer4encie,L
Main res.lts
E@e$ti(en
ess
ational /i,a,ter Protection Policy and Pro4ram approved May
2011
Project it,el$ could be seen a, a pilot e0ample o$ policy
implementation
&elevant and u,e$ul trainin4 o$ lar4e number o$ EM3 ,taE
ba,ed in )B and aimag center,
EM3 ,toc8 o$ eDuipment and material, increa,ed and
moderniIed
EDuipped EM3 to ,tand on it, o7n $eet to do di,a,ter
mana4ement
Ba,ic %aIard ri,8 a,,e,,ment met%odolo4ie, developed,
trainin4 4iven and a,,e,,ment, done, e0cept ,ocio-economic
analy,e, o$ di,a,ter impact,
3,,e,,ment re,ult, u,ed to de,i4n, carry out, and te,t a
number o$ di,a,ter ri,8 mana4ement activitie,, eL4L, * SOP,,
E9S,, drill,
/i,a,ter &e,earc% 6n,titute o$ EM3 ,et up 7it% incipient
re,earc% a4enda ! $e7 activitie, ! limited 4overnment-
,upported bud4et
Impa$t on
target
$omm.niti
es
o pre,ence o$ EM3 at community level, but SGF, and GF,
%ave acDuired ba,ic di,a,ter ri,8 mana4ement 8no7led4e!,8ill,
and ba,ic eDuipment
o comparative advanta4e o$ EM3 to 7or8 at community
#1
level
Community 4roup, ori4inally ,et up a, /&M 4roup, are
evolvin4 to7ard natural re,ource mana4ement 4roup, !
economic unit, ! ,u,tainable liveli%ood ba,ed unit, 7it% /&M
inte4rated
S.staina%i
lity? E+it
strategy
ational /i,a,ter Protection Policy and Pro4ram approved by
Mon4olian State (kh 7hural May 1#, 2011
Comple0 national /&M ,y,tem in place, but no ational
Plat$orm
/i,a,ter &e,earc% 6n,titute to develop a lon4-term re,earc%
,trate4y
&eplication to all aimags and sums o$ /&&PC, and GF, to be
realiIedM replication to all )B di,trict, and ot%er citie, o$
/&&PC, and SGF, to be realiIed
Bottlenec8,: unclear re,pon,ibility $or and Sli4%t: de,cription o$
$unction, o$ coordination, implementation, en$orcement,
monitorin4
On May 1#, 2011, t%e Jational Policy on /i,a,ter ProtectionK and Jational
Pro4ramme on Stren4t%enin4 t%e /i,a,ter Protection CapacityK -/PPP. 7ere
approved by t%e State 68% >%ural, re,olution U 22, and ,ubmitted to t%e
4overnment $or approvalL Mo,t intervie7ee, e0pre,,ed ,ati,$action about t%e
Duality o$ t%e policy!pro4ram, a $e7 ,tated t%at t%e document, 7ere rat%er
?li4%t? -lac8in4 detail,., one ob,erved t%at t%e Due,tion o$ coordination
remain, unre,olved, and one t%at t%e bi4 4ap i, t%e ab,ence o$ a bud4et or a
clear Nnancin4 plan $or implementationL (%ere i, indeed no mention o$ a
national plat$orm in t%e /PPP 7%ic% 7ould brin4 4overnment, civil ,ociety
and t%e private ,ector to4et%erL (%e $ollo7in4 table oEer, an analy,i, o$ t%e
content -ba,ed on an unoOcial tran,lation by t%e )/P project team.
accordin4 to criteria derived $rom t%e literatureL (%e analy,i, under,core,
t%e ob,ervation, Duoted above, and pinpoint, to ,ome additional
7ea8ne,,e,, in particular t%e va4ue de,cription, concernin4 monitorin4,
en$orcement, no re$erence to an inte4rated in$ormation mana4ement
,y,tem, and a mi,,in4 4ender per,pectiveL
Ta%le 81 )ontent analysis o* NDPPP
)riteria NDPPP
#2
Clear concept, 9ell-c%o,en but not deNnedV
&elevance to national development conte0t Gi4%
&elevance to international conte0t Gi4%
&elevance to overall national policy
$rame7or8
Separate policy 7it% o7n bud4et
Clear and relevant 4uidin4 principle, ot deNned
6n$ormed by a 4ender per,pective $or
analy,i,!action
one
Clear, co%erent and doable objective, and
e0pected outcome,
-5. Broad 4oal,, and broad
outcome,
Clear, co%erent and doable activitie,
includin4 time$rame,
Clear and co%erent, but broadM 2
p%a,e, o$ implementation 2011-
2015, 2011-2021
Clear and co%erent role, and
re,pon,ibilitie, $or implementation
-$unction,.
Mentioned, but no detail,, and ,ome
overlappin4 $unction,
Clear and 7or8able ,tructure $or
implementation
Mentioned, but inter-lin8a4e, not
clear
Supportive bud4et and Nnancin4 plan o bud4etL -*. 4eneral ,ource,
mentionedLW
Supportive le4al $rame7or8 (o be updated
6nte4rated in$ormation ,y,tem ot mentioned
3ppropriate capacity development ,trate4y 'ery 4eneral, no detail,
6nte4rated early 7arnin4 ,y,tem Mentioned, no detail,
Sound ri,8 a,,e,,ment ,trate4y Gi4% priority, no detail,
Sound preparedne,, ,trate4y Gi4% priority, no detail,
Sound miti4ation ,trate4y Mentioned, no detail,
Sound re,pon,e ,trate4y -,%ort term. Gi4% priority, no detail,
Sound recovery ! adaptation ,trate4y -lon4
term.
Mentioned, no detail,
EEective monitorin4 and evaluation ,y,tem ot mentioned
EEective en$orcement ,y,tem ot mentioned
V(%ere i, a 4ood overvie7 o$ 8ey concept, in t%e ,tudy report, t%at ,upported t%e
development o$ t%e policy documentL
W6n %i, openin4 ,peec% to t%e ational Con$erence on t%e 6mplementation o$ t%e
/PPP, %eld June 11, 2011, EM3 C%ie$ (,L 3m4alanbayar mentioned t%at an annual
inve,tment o$ *-5 billion M( 7ould be reDuired $or implementation, and anot%er
500 billion M( to improve tec%nical capacity and re,ource, in t%e comin4 10 year,
-2011, pL2.L (%e,e amount, are not mentioned in t%e policy documentL
(%ere i, 4eneral a4reement amon4 t%e intervie7ee, t%at it too8 con,iderable
time and eEort to ,teer t%e development o$ t%i, ne7 policy t%rou4% all t%e
reDuired c%annel,, and t%at it 7a, not ea,y to Nnd common 4round amon4
t%e many and diver,e ,ta8e%older, -includin4 4overnment, private ,ector,
and civil ,ociety.L Some intervie7ee, e0pre,,ed t%at it too8 !ar too lon4 -a
#"
very Nr,t dra$t o$ t%e ne7 policy 7a, NnaliIed in 3u4u,t 2001 durin4 P%a,e
2., and t%at t%e proce,, 7a, $rau4%t 7it% uncooperative be%avior on t%e one
%and -EM3 7a, blamed $or lac8 o$ eEort., and not enou4% lobbyin4 on t%e
ot%er -t%e ) Country OOce 7a, criticiIed.L
3, a re,ult, actual implementation o$ t%e policy, 7%ic% in t%e project
propo,al 7a, envi,ioned to ,tart in P%a,e #, %a, been delayed by more t%an
t%ree year, =and oOcially ,till %a, to be4in, alt%ou4% a ,tart %a, been madeL
EM3 and t%e project team or4aniIed a ational Con$erence on t%e
implementation plan on June 11, 2011L 3 total o$ 1*" people too8 part in t%e
con$erence includin4 member, o$ t%e Fovernment and Parliament, director,
and man4er, o$ 8ey line mini,trie, and 4overnment a4encie,, ,taE o$ FO,,
international or4aniIation, and donor,L 3, a re,ult, a ,erie, o$
recommendation, on t%e implementation plan o$ t%e ational Policy and
Pro4ram 7ere relea,edL
3not%er and more po,itive 7ay to loo8 at t%e Due,tion o$ policy
implementation i, to vie7 many o$ t%e core project activitie, deployed in
P%a,e # a, pilot implementation eortsL 6n t%e opinion o$ t%e evaluator,, all
o$ t%e activitie, e0ecuted under Objective 2 are policy implementation put
into practiceL
(7o recent e0ample, concernin4 /PPP Objective, 2L2L1 -Stren4t%en
/i,a,ter Mana4ement Sy,tem. and 2L2L* -6mprove early 7arnin4 ,y,tem. are
t%e $ollo7in4L 6n 3pril 2011, t7o re%ear,al trainin4, 7ere or4aniIed in t7o
tar4et ,um, jointly by EM3:, aimag Emer4ency mana4ement department,
and t%e project teamL One 7a, conducted in Binder ,um o$ >%entii to N4%t
7ildNreL 5* 8ey oOcial, o$ ,even nei4%borin4 ,um, includin4 Binder too8
partL (%e trainin4 $ocu,ed on prevention and preparedne,, and te,ted t%e
eDuipment procured by t%e Sum /i,a,ter Protection )nit in 2010L 3ccordin4
to participant, intervie7ed in >%entii aimag -3u4u,t 1-5., t%e drill 7a, very
7ell-or4aniIed and eEectiveL 3 ,econd e0ample 7a, t%e e0periment
conducted in Fovi-)4taal sum, /und4ovi aimag to te,t t%e eEectivene,, o$
#+
an early 7arnin4 communication ,y,tem ,et up u,in4 local <M radio 101L1L
55 people too8 part in t%e e0periment, includin4 ,um 4overnor,, %ead, o$
,um 4overnor:, oOce,, %ead, o$ veterinary and live,toc8 breedin4 unit,,
bagh 4overnor,, Emer4ency mana4ement divi,ion -EM/. o$ Fovi-)4taal sum,
meteorolo4y and environmental monitorin4 oOcer,, and EM/ ,taE o$
/und4ovi aimagL (%e early 7arnin4 ,y,tem proved very eEective, accordin4
to in-,itu evaluation, made by participant, coverin4 an area 7it% a radiu, o$
1508mL
(%e eEort, initiated in P%a,e, 1 and 2 to pro$e,,ionaliIe EM3 bot%
individually and or4aniIationally 7ere e0panded in P%a,e # 7it% major
inve,tment, at national, aimag, sum and community level,L 6nve,tment,
included a lar4e number o$ trainin4 activitie, -tec%nical but al,o
met%odolo4ical, ,uc% a, trainin4 o$ trainer,, leader,%ip trainin4M ,ee 3nne0
10 $or a li,t o$ all trainin4, oEered acro,, t%e t%ree project component,.,
production o$ varied trainin4 curriculum and trainin4 material, -includin4 $or
Mon4olia Sne7: type, o$ %aIard,, ,uc% a, c%emical ,pill,., development and
te,tin4 o$ met%odolo4ie, -eL4L, variou, ri,8 a,,e,,ment met%odolo4ie, ba,ed
on modern ,cience., procurement o$ eDuipment and tec%nolo4ie, -,earc%
and re,cue, Nre-N4%tin4, in$ormation and communication., $or a total o$ )S P
250,000L 6n 2010, t%e project procured $or EM3 and it, branc%e, additional
eDuipment 7ort% 3)/ *1,150 donated by t%e 3u,tralian FovernmentL
EM3:, di,a,ter in$ormation ,y,tem coverin4 %eadDuarter, and 21 aimag
EM/, improved con,iderably t%an8, to t%e in,tallation o$ internet, $a0,
radio,, and a ,atellite mobile p%one ,y,temL EM3:, di,a,ter preparedne,,
%a, improved t%an8, to t%e trainin4 in ne7 a,,e,,ment met%odolo4ie,L
EM3:, re,cue operation, %ave become more eEective, re,ultin4 in, $or
e0ample, many ,aved live, durin4 t%e recent dzudL
Everybody intervie7ed, 7it%out e0ception, emp%a,iIed t%e
out,tandin4 contribution to t%e individual and or4aniIational capacity
development o$ EM3 in P%a,e #L
6n 2010, t%e lon4-term -2010-2020. ational &e,ource Mobili,ation and
Material 3cDui,ition Procurement Plan a, part o$ t%e ational Pro4ramme on
*0
Stren4t%enin4 t%e /i,a,ter Protection Capacity 7a, approved by EM3L <our
ne7 JStandard Operatin4 Procedure, $or Searc% and &e,cue Operation,K $or
Qood,, eart%Dua8e,, Nre,, and c%emical ,pill, 7ere developed and approvedL
(%e,e SOP, allo7 EM3 to improve current operation ,tandard, and rule, o$
,earc% and re,cue team:, procedure, accordin4 to international accepted
,tandard,L
(%e /i,a,ter &e,earc% 6n,titute o$ EM3 7a, ,et up in 200" 7it% an
incipient re,earc% a4enda -t%ree main area,: di,a,ter preparedne,, and
re,pon,e, laboratory analy,i,, and impact a,,e,,ment o$ 10 type, o$
di,a,ter,. and ,o $ar, $e7 activitie, deployedL 3ccordin4 to it, director
-intervie7 July 22., t%i, i, lar4ely due to a limited 4overnment-,upported
bud4etL (%e 4overnment o$ >orea donated )S P 1,200,000 to purc%a,e
modern eDuipment -eL4L, $or mercury analy,i,, 4a, c%romato4rap%y., but ,o
$ar it %a, not been u,ed e0ten,ivelyL (%e /&6 director ac8no7led4ed t%e
,tron4 ,upport provided by t%e project in term, o$ capacity development o$
,taE, joint trainin4 activitie, realiIed, and publication, producedL
9%at matter, mo,t i, t%at ne7ly acDuired e0perti,e i, put into
practiceL 3, %i4%li4%ted by EM3:, /eputy c%ie$ -intervie7 July 25., $or
e0ample, in January 2011, t7o &u,,ian truc8, ,an8 into 5a8e >%ov,4olL <or
t%e Nr,t time in Mon4olian %i,tory, re,cue diver, de,cended up to 50 meter,
to ,ave live,L (%ey 7ere able to do ,o t%an8, to t%e divin4 trainin4 $ollo7ed
-meetin4 international ,tandard,. ,upported by t%e projectL (%e evaluator,
conclude t%at EM3 can no7 ,tand on it, o7n $eet 7%ile continuin4 to
,tren4t%en certain area,, ,uc% a, lon4-term capacity development plannin4
and a,,e,,ment, and partner,%ip buildin4 -$urt%er addre,,ed under
Objective 2!Outcome 2.L
6t i, important to note t%ou4% t%at t%ere i, no pre,ence o$ EM3 at
community level, alt%ou4% t%e SGF, and GF, t%at %ave been ,et up %ave
acDuired ba,ic di,a,ter ri,8 mana4ement 8no7led4e!,8ill, and ,ome ba,ic
eDuipment to operateL 9it%out nece,,arily bein4 ,een a, ,uc%, de $acto t%ey
$unction a, EM3:, lo7e,t level ri,8 mana4ement Seye,, %and and $eet:
*1
-more about t%e SGF, and GF, under Objective 2!Outcome 2.L Or, a, a )/P
mana4er ob,erved, by %andlin4 di,a,ter, t%em,elve,, community 4roup, are
%elpin4 EM3 -project 200+ 3nnual report, pL11.L 6t i, unli8ely t%at, 4iven it,
current ,et up, ,taE, and bud4et, EM3 7ill be able to develop a ,tron4
pre,ence at community levelL Per%ap, t%e over,i4%t o$ and ,upport to t%i,
part o$ t%e national ,y,tem i, better dele4ated to one or more civil ,ociety
or4aniIation,L (%i, 7ould include t%e major ta,8 o$ replicatin4 t%e council,
SGF and GF ,tructure, to all di,trict, o$ )B, ot%er citie,, and aimags and
sumsL

O>AE)TIVE ?EFPE)TED OUT)OME : Public a7arene,, and education $or
/&& in Mon4olia are increa,ed by e,tabli,%in4 7ider partner,%ip, at local
-includin4 community-ba,ed di,a,ter mana4ement XCB/MY., re4ional,
national, and international level, leadin4 to improved cooperation and
increa,ed re,ource, $or /&&L
O.tp.t 9&: EM3 partner,%ip, at all level, are ,tren4t%enedL
O.tp.t 9: Public a7arene,, and education and trainin4 $or /&& are
improvedL
O.tp.t 93: 5ocal communitie, in bot% rural and urban area, %ave
,tren4t%ened t%eir di,a,ter re,ilience t%rou4% ,y,tematic capacity buildin4
,upport, and are able to partner 7it% sum aut%oritie, underta8in4 nece,,ary
mea,ure, $or preparedne,,, re,pon,e and miti4ation o$ di,a,ter ri,8, 7it%in
t%eir competenceL
O.tp.t 95: Supportin4 ,tructure, $or Community-ba,ed di,a,ter
mana4ement are ,et at related EM3 branc%e, and sum 4overnment level,
and are capable o$ coordinatin4 4overnment /&& eEort, 7it% initiative, o$
CB/M 4roup,L
*2
Main res.lts
E@e$ti(en
ess
Still incipient national coordination, eL4L, no central data ba,e
mana4ementM eL4L, no ,y,tematic di,,emination o$ in$ormation
and no ,y,tematic $ollo7-up
EM3 -led partner,%ip buildin4 proce,, in in$ancy ,ta4eM 2
partner,%ip, oOcer, in place ,ince 3pril 2011 a$ter a lon4 delay
One eEective, ,y,tematic cooperation e0ample: EM3 =
3MEM
Piloted ca,e, o$ ne7 partner,%ip, in )laanbaatar and sums: 1#
/&&PC,, 5# community 4roup, ,ince 2005
Aimag and sum Early 9arnin4 Sy,tem, ,et up -,ome pilot,.,
but 7it%out delivery o$ localiIed 7eat%er $oreca,t,
1# /&&PC, %ard 7or8in4 !doin4 t%eir be,t 7it% mode,t re,ult,
5# /ynamic, 4ro7in4 and varied GF, 7it% 4ood re,ult, and
emer4in4 impact on CC3 and ,u,tainable liveli%ood, includin4
,ome decrea,e o$ vulnerabilitie,
2# output, produced and di,,eminated -boo8,, broc%ure,,
/'/,, (' ,erie,.
1
'ery 7ell received and u,ed education boo8let,, but actual
learnin4 put in practice not a,,e,,ed yet
Impa$t on
target
$omm.niti
es
Preparedne,, o$ %erder, individually and collectively improvedM
t%eir re,pon,e capacity improved
9ell bein4 improved t%rou4% income 4eneration activitie, and
better preparedne,,
Fradual empo7erment t%rou4% active participation and
deci,ion-ma8in4 in community aEair,M 7omen very active in
,ome sums
Some eEort to pay ,pecial attention ! ,upport to vulnerable
people, but not very ,y,tematic and ri4orou,M inadeDuate
monitorin4 o$ t%i, ,trate4y
o ,tron4 4ender ,trate4y in practiceM inadeDuate monitorin4
S.staina%i
lity? E+it
strategy
2 EM3 partner,%ip oOcer, -operative ,ince early 2011.: 7or8-
plan, unclear and lon4-term ,trate4y un8no7n
5on4-term individual EM3 capacity development ,trate4y
un8no7n
(rainin4, trainin4 manual, and material, producedM trainer, o$
trainer, trained -national and aimag level,.M idea $or a ational
(rainin4 Centre circulatin4, but reDuire, amendment o$ la7
Many GF, are becomin4 $ormal or4aniIation, combinin4 &M,
,u,tainable liveli%ood, and /&M activitie,, but ,upport
mec%ani,m, not yet in place
*#
(%e /ecember 200" ?Ba,eline a,,e,,ment o$ t%e ,tatu, Duo o$ t%e ational
/i,a,ter &i,8 &eduction partner,%ip ,y,tem o$ Mon4olia? -by BL
Bul4antamir., conclude, t%at ?X3Y, o$ no7, t%ere i, no nation0ide
partner,%ip ,y,tem $or /&& t%at reQect, balanced repre,entation o$ t%e
4overnment, FO, and private ,ectorL? -pL1M bold added. (%e major
7ea8ne,,e, identiNed 7ere t%e ab,ence o$ civil ,ociety and private ,ector
involvement and t%e ad-%oc nature o$ t%e ,y,tem $ocu,ed on di,a,ter
re,pon,eL (%e 200+-2010 7ould prove t%i, point in a dramatic 7ay, a, noted
earlier in t%i, reportL (%e ,tudy critically e0amined t%e P%a,e 2 eEort,
deployed by t%e )/P project to re$orm t%e ,y,tem and ob,erved t%at t%ere
7ere many Qa7, in t%e bot% t%e )/P propo,al a, 7ell a, in t%e practice o$
implementin4 itL Concernin4 t%e propo,al are mentioned: t%e unclear
deNnition o$ council, -7%ic% 7ere to be ,et up at national, aimag and sum
level,., $unctional di,connection bet7een t%e council ,y,tem and t%e
e0i,tin4 ,tructure made up o$ t%e State Emer4ency Commi,,ion, EM3, and
t%e State Service $or /i,a,ter &e,pon,eM concernin4 practice are mentioned:
t%e non-e0i,tence o$ &i,8 <und, at t%e t%ree level,, t%e poor $unctionin4 o$
aimag and sum council,M t%e ,till ine0i,tent national councilL
(%e project team ac8no7led4ed t%e deNciencie,M t%e 200+ project
3nnual &eport candidly note,: ?8urrently" the existence o! the +ocal 9sum:
8ouncils is limited to occasional meetings 9to discuss the small pro2ects o!
the herder;s groups: !acilitated by the 1ro2ect +ocal 8oordinators due to the
absence o! driving !orces that are needed to make the 8ouncils sustainable#
These lacking !orces include legally binding obligations" permanent
en!orcing structures" )nancing mechanisms" and incentives# < Their biggest
issue is the absence o! !unds and inability to raise them#? P%a,e # ,trived to
correct t%e,e Qa7, on all $ront,L
Partner,%ip buildin4 7it% and by EM3 -7it% 4overnment a4encie,,
FO,, private ,ector. did not come about ea,ily and %a, remained incipient
and 7ea8L )nder Objective 1!Outcome 1, t%e ,lo7 and ,trained proce,, o$
c%annellin4 t%e ational /i,a,ter Protection Policy and Pro4ram 7a,
**
mentioned alreadyL 3 co%erent national in$ormation ,y,tem coverin4 bot%
in$ormation collection and di,,emination i, not yet in placeL Some pro4re,,
%a, been made on in$ormation collection $ormat, to be u,ed, ,uc% a, $or
a,,e,,in4 t%e impact o$ an eart%Dua8e, and $or sum level 7inter condition
monitorin4L (%e only e0ample o$ a ,y,tematic cooperation a4reement in
practice encountered by evaluator, i, bet7een EM3 and 3MEM $or t%e
delivery and c%annelin4 o$ 7eat%er $oreca,t,L 6n 3pril 2011, a$ter a very lon4
delay =(o&, 7ere prepared and accepted by EM3 in t%e Nr,t Duarter o$
200+Z EM3 %a, appointed t7o partner,%ip oOcer, to ,trate4ically mana4e
partner,%ip,L Evaluator, could not 4et acce,, to t%eir 7or8-plan,L 9%en
a,8ed, one o$ t%em an,7ered t%at t%ey only operate a, partner,%ip oOcer
?7%en t%ere i, a demand made by t%e project team? -intervie7 3u4u,t 2*.L
Collaboration 7it% t%e Mo<356 %a, been minimal, 7it% t%e ME( mo,tly
related to climate c%an4e adaptation -,ee, t%e ,ection Objective #!Outcome
#.L
3$ter t7o year, o$ in$ormal eEort, by t%e project team c%aracteriIed by
a number o$ occa,ional joint activitie, realiIed -,uc% a, trainin4,., in July
2010, EM3 and t%e )/P ,i4ned a $ormal Memorandum o$ )nder,tandin4
to re4ulate all i,,ue, related to e,tabli,%in4 and developin4 t%e national,
re4ional, aimag and local level, di,a,ter ri,8 reduction partner,%ip and
cooperation net7or8 7it% t%e purpo,e o$ di,a,ter prevention, en,urin4
preparedne,,, re,cue, elimination o$ di,a,ter impact,, ta8in4 po,t-di,a,ter
re,toration mea,ure, and en%ancin4 local capacitie,L 3 very lar4e number o$
activitie, 7ere realiIed ,ince t%e Mo) ,i4nin4, but t%e evaluator, could not
detect a direct inQuence on outcome, ,ince many o$ t%e accompli,%ed ta,8,
and re,ult, 7ere planned and prepared $or prior to t%e Mo)L
Or4aniIational development o$ council, and %erder 4roup %a,
e0panded and deepened ,teadily durin4 P%a,e #, alt%ou4% t%ere %ave been
up, and do7n,, a, could be e0pected -it i, a normal $eature o$ t%i, 8ind o$
proce,,e,L (%ere are 1# /&&PC, and 5# GF, operational, 7%ile in
)laanbaatar t%ere i, at lea,t one /&&C and one SGF operational -12
t%
*5
khoroo.L Council, 7or8 %ard and all o$ t%em are producin4 ,ome /&M
re,ult,L (%e GF, vary in nature and activitie,, but all are 7or8in4 to7ard,
community-level /&M re,ult,L 6n addition, ,ome o$ t%em are %avin4 an
emer4in4 impact on CC3 and ,u,tainable liveli%ood,, mea,ured in term, o$
improved preparedne,, o$ %erder, individually and collectively, ,tren4t%ened
re,pon,e capacity, and 7ell bein4 improved t%rou4% income 4eneration
activitie,L (%ere i, al,o a 4radual proce,, o$ empo7erment t%rou4% more
active participation and deci,ion-ma8in4 in community aEair,L 9omen are
playin4 very active in ,everal ,ite,L 6n-dept% Nndin4, and analy,i, are
provided in t%e ,torie, pre,ented in C%apter *L
Small 4rant, $or a total o$ )S P 2"1,000 -7%ic% include, )S P *0,000
$rom t%e Briti,% Emba,,y in Mon4olia. played a very important role to build
capacitie, o$ community 4roup, a, ,uccinctly ,ummariIed by one o$ t%e
project oOcer, -intervie7 3u4u,t 2*.: ?*irst" the small grant program
provided an opportunity !or herders and local people to work in a collective
way by valuing their participation and views on disaster risk reduction# This
is considered positively by the local government authorities# Through the
small grant program" local people became empowered to work in an
organized manner !or disaster risk reduction and solve community problems
in a transparent" participatory and collective way# .econd" outputs o! the
program created a guarantee o! the sustainability and openness to utilizing
services not only by group members but also all sum herders# Third" it
helped to increase their livelihood and &uality o! lives by running small scale
manu!actures and other economic activities#?
(%e evaluator, carried out a ,mall ,urvey amon4 t7o /&&PC, and 1
%erder 4roup, o$ Jar4alt8%aan and Binder sums o$ >%entii aimag to
trian4ulate t%e in$ormation obtained $rom document, and intervie7,L (%e
Due,tionnaire inDuired 7%at council and %erder 4roup member, %ad learned,
i$ t%ey %ad put t%e learnin4 into practice, and i$ t%i, practice %ad led to
improvement, in /&M, &M, and liveli%ood,L &e,ult, are pre,ented in t%e
4rap%, belo7L (%e %oriIontal a0i, repre,ent, t%e Due,tion, -,ee t%e li,t belo7
*1
t%e 4rap%,. and t%e vertical a0i, repre,ent, t%e number o$ an,7er,L (%e total
o$ %erder re,pondent, 7a, 5+, 20 7omen and #+ menL (%e total o$ council
member re,pondent, 7a, 12 -201., 5 7omen and 2 menL
*2
4ig.res &#31 Res.lts o* the herder <.estionnaire in Aargalt/haan and
>inder sums
>ey G.estion1 My in(ol(ement in the pro2e$t a$ti(ities hasH
1L1 Fiven me more a7arene,, about di,a,ter, and di,a,ter mana4ement
1L2 Fiven me ne7 ,8ill, to better prepare be!ore di,a,ter, %appen
1L# Fiven me ne7 ,8ill, to better deal 7it% di,a,ter, when t%ey occur
1L* Fiven me ne7 ,8ill, to better re,pond a!ter di,a,ter, %appen
1L5 Fiven me acce,, to better in$ormation to deal 7it% di,a,ter,
1L1 Fiven me acce,, to more material ,upport to deal 7it% di,a,ter,
1L2 3llo7ed me to do ,ome joint activitie, 7it% neighbours to better mana4e
*"
di,a,ter,
1L"
3llo7ed me to do ,ome joint activitie, 7it% government sta to better
mana4e di,a,ter,
1L+ 3llo7ed me to beneNt $rom t%e ,mall 4rant $und project-,.
1L10 3llo7ed me to ta8e part in activitie, to increa,e t%e ,mall 4rant $und

2L1 Contributed to t%e reduction o$ t%e occurrence o$ Nre,
2L2 Contributed to t%e reduction o$ dama4e cau,ed by Nre,
2L# Contributed to be better prepared $or drou4%t
2L* Contributed to be better prepared $or ,no7,torm,
2L5 Contributed to be better prepared $or ,and,torm,
2L1 Contributed to be better prepared $or dzud

#L1 Contributed to increa,ed production o$ %ay and!or $odder
#L2 Contributed to diver,i$y income ,ource,
#L# Contributed to increa,ed income
#L* Contributed to better %ealt% o$ t%e %ou,e%old
#L5 Contributed to increa,ed $ood ,ecurity o$ t%e %ou,e%old
#L1 Contributed to t%e %ou,e%old $eelin4 le,, vulnerable
#L2 Contributed to ne7 %ou,e%old activitie, 7%ic% are not related to t%e project
#L" Contributed to ne7 activitie, o$ t%e community not related to t%e project
&e,ult, indicate t%at, overall, t%e level o$ learnin4 7a, %i4% and t%at t%e
learnin4 7a, put to practice t%rou4% joint activitie, -eL4L, Nre drill,. and t%e
e0ecution o$ ,mall 4rant,L (%e contribution o$ t%e,e activitie, to improved
preparedne,, and re,pon,e capacity varie, accordin4 to type o$ %aIard,
7%ic% i, partly e0plained by t%e diEerent environmental condition, in bot%
sumsL ote7ort%y i, t%e ,tron4 reduction o$ $ore,t Nre, -and dama4e., 7%ic%
7a, conNrmed durin4 intervie7, in bot% ,ite, by sum 4overnment
aut%oritie,L 3l,o remar8able are t%e contribution, to increa,ed %ay and
$odder production and improved $ood ,ecurity, 7%ic% 7ere bot% conNrmed
durin4 %ou,e%old intervie7,L &e,ult, did not indicate any ,tron4 diEerence,
bet7een 7omen and men re,pondent, in bot% Due,tionnaire, in bot% sumsL
*+
4ig.res 5#61 Res.lts o* the DRRP) mem%er <.estionnaire in
Aargalt/haan and >inder sums
>ey G.estion1 My in(ol(ement in the pro2e$t a$ti(ities hasH
1L1 More a7arene,, di,a,ter,!mana4ement
1L2 Fiven ,8ill, $or better preparedne,,
50
1L# Fiven ,8ill, to better deal 7%en di,a,ter, occur
1L* Fiven ,8ill, to better re,pond di,a,ter,
1L5 Better in$ormation to deal 7it% di,a,ter,
1L1 More material ,upport to deal 7it% di,a,ter,

2L1 3llo7ed joint activitie, 7it% ,um herders
2L2 3llo7ed joint activitie, 7it% %erder, $rom other sums
2L# 3llo7ed t%e ,um to obtain better in$ormation
2L* 3llo7ed t%e ,um to obtain better eDuipment
2L5 3llo7ed t%e ,um, eEective use o$ t%e ne7 in$ormation and eDuipment

#L1 Contributed to t%e reduction o$ t%e occurrence o$ Nre,
#L2 Contributed to t%e reduction o$ dama4e cau,ed by Nre,
#L# Contributed to be better prepared $or drou4%t
#L* Contributed to be better prepared $or ,no7,torm,
#L5 Contributed to be better prepared $or ,and,torm,
#L1 Contributed to be better prepared $or dzud

*L1 Contributed to increa,ed production o$ %ay and!or $odder in t%e ,um
*L2 Contributed to diver,i$y income ,ource, in t%e ,um
*L# Contributed to increa,ed income o$ %erder %ou,e%old,
*L* Contributed to better %ealt% o$ t%e %erder %ou,e%old,
*L5 Contributed to increa,ed $ood ,ecurity o$ %erder %ou,e%old,
*L1 Contributed to %erder %ou,e%old, $eelin4 le,, vulnerable
*L2 Contributed to ne7 %ou,e%old activitie, not related to t%e project
*L"
Contributed to ne7 activitie, by t%e ,um 4overnmentM not related to t%e
project
&e,ult, indicate t%at amon4 council member, in bot% sums learnin4 7a,
%i4%, 7%ic% in Binder re,ulted in joint activitie, and better acce,, and u,e o$
ne7 in$ormation and eDuipment, 7%ile in Jar4alt8%aan joint activitie, and
direct u,e 7ere limitedL 6n bot% ,ite,, an,7er, indicate t%at preparedne,,
and re,pon,e capacity improvedL (%e re,pon,e, in bot% sums conNrm t%e
%erder re,pon,e, about increa,ed %ay!$odder productionL 6n Binder but not in
Jar4alt8%aan, member, reported t%at t%ey initiated one or more ne7
activitie, unrelated to t%e projectL
Some %urdle, encountered in t%e or4aniIational proce,,, are:
accordin4 to t%e *
t%
Duarterly 2010 report, by t%e end o$ 2010, ,ome /&&PC,
7ere ,lumpin4 7it% little initiative ta8en by member,L Some ,um, e0celled,
51
%o7everL (%e ,i0 ,mall ,cale project, bein4 implemented in Selen4e sum o$
Bul4an aimag 7ere ,tron4ly ,upported by ,um aut%oritie,L 6n t%e ,prin4 o$
2011, t%e ,um 7a, cro7ned by t%e ational Fovernment a, t%e $est sum o!
the .tateL Gerder 4roup, 7%ic% received ,mall 4rant, tend to be active
durin4 t%e year o$ implementation and t%en become pa,,ive i$ t%ey do not
receive a ne7 4rant -eL4L, ob,erved in 2010 in (e,%i4, (,a4aanc%uluut and
Fovi-)4taal ,um,L
3 number o$ aimag and sum level early 7arnin4 ,y,tem, %ave been ,et
up and te,tedL 3ccordin4 to project report,, t%e,e ,y,tem, are $unctionalL
(%e major ,%ortcomin4 concern, t%e delivery o$ localiIed 7eat%er $oreca,t,
but in t%e near $uture t%i, may be re,olved a, 3MEM in collaboration 7it%
&6MES -&e4ional 6nte4rated Multi-%aIard Early-7arnin4 Sy,tem. in Ban48o8
and t%e Environment and /evelopment FO J3S65 are e0perimentin4 7it%
localiIed -+ 0 + 8m. $oreca,t delivery to communitie, in 5un sum and >%otont
sum o$ 3r8%an4ai aimagL (%e early 7arnin4 comple0 ,et up in Erdenedalai
sum, 7%ic% ,erved a, in,piration $or t%e ot%er ,y,tem, e,tabli,%ed by t%e
project, i, al,o receivin4 t%e,e localiIed 7eat%er $oreca,t,L
EEort, to build ,u,tainability included, in t%e be4innin4 o$ 2010, t%e
trainin4 o$ t%e trainin4 oOcer, o$ 21 aimag Emer4ency in cooperation 7it%
t%e 6n,titute o$ EducationL (%rou4% 12-day, trainin4, 25 trainin4 oOcer, o$
aimag!di,trict branc%e, o$ EM3 obtained 8no7led4e about advance, in
education re,earc%, trainin4 met%odolo4y, p,yc%olo4y and di,a,ter
miti4ation, ri,8 mana4ement and climate c%an4e adaptation to reduce
di,a,ter ri,8,L )pon completion o$ t%i, trainin4, aimag!di,trict Emer4ency
Mana4ement /epartment,: certiNed all t%e trainer, allo7in4 t%em to teac%
local citiIen, and or4aniIation, a, 7ell a, univer,ity ,tudent, about di,a,ter
miti4ation, ri,8 mana4ement, and adaptation to climate c%an4eL (%e,e
trainer, are e0pected to be able to re,pond adeDuately to trainin4 demand,
comin4 $rom aimag, sum, and community level,L
52
3 lar4e number o$ output, 7ere produced in relation to t%e ,econd
project objective!e0pected outcome, 7%ic% 7ill be revie7ed in anot%er
,ectionL One o$ t%e %i4%li4%t, %a, been t%e ,c%ool manual, JSa$ety 5ivin4
Element,- 1, 2, #K NnaliIed and di,,eminated in early 2011L (%e,e te0tboo8,
%ave been very 7ell received and 7ere $reDuently mentioned in t%e
intervie7,L 3n output ,till to be NnaliIed i, a documentary Nlm coverin4 t%e
main ac%ievement, o$ t%e project to be broadca,ted by national televi,ionL
O>AE)TIVE 3?OUT)OME 3: ational capacity $or climate re,ilience and
adaptation to reduce di,a,ter ri,8, %a, been ,tren4t%enedLA
O.tp.t 39&: ational Climate &i,8 Mana4ement Strate4y -no7 named
ational Climate &i,8 Mana4ement Strate4y and 3ction Plan or C&MS3P. i,
developed, and capacity $or it, implementation i, ,tren4t%enedL
O.tp.t 39: Public a7arene,, and education to ,upport implementation o$
ational Climate &i,8 Mana4ement Strate4y are increa,edL
A(%e P%a,e # propo,al ,tated t%at i$ additional $und, 7ould be obtained, t%e
team 7ould conduct a number o$ climate c%an4e ri,8 a,,e,,ment, includin4
economic one,, prepare additional policy recommendation,, and inte4rate
CC3 in ,ector policie,L 3dditional $und, 7ere obtained -)S P *0,000. $rom t%e
Briti,% Emba,,y in Mon4olia, but t%e,e 7ere u,ed in t%e $orm o$ ,mall 4rant,
to council, and %erder 4roup,L
Main res.lts
E@e$ti(enes
s
SC&M3P 7ell-developed t%rou4% novel, multi-,ta8e%older,
con,ultative proce,,
CC3 under /&M ,ay, t%e May 2011 /&M policy or /&M under
CC3, accordin4 to many people intervie7ed
Climate C%an4e Coordination oOce %ou,ed in and under t%e
aut%ority o$ ME( i, leadin4 CC3 ,trate4y implementationM
role o$ EM3 i, unclear
(raditional 8no7led4e material, 7idely broadca,ted and in
2012 to be included in ,econdary educationM actual u,e yet
to be a,,e,,ed
Some trainin4 done at all level,, includin4 5 re4ion,M
a,,e,,ment under7ay
Public a7arene,, rai,in4 and education incipient
Impa$t on Since 200+ = very early trace, o$ impact: protection a4ain,t
5#
target
$omm.nities
,torm, and dzud improved, increa,ed %ay and $odder
re,erve,, improved Duality o$ live,toc8 breed,, increa,ed
income, ,tren4t%ened re,ilience, but attribution to project
a, only drivin4 $orce unli8ely
6mpact o$ 200+-2010 dzud ,erved a, very ,tron4 7a8e up
call $or t%e 7%ole countryM %erder, %ave been improvin4
preparedne,, every7%ere
S.staina%ilit
y? E+it
strategy
SC&M3P developed, 4overnment approval pendin4, but
,everal activitie, already under7ay led by Climate C%an4e
Coordination oOce
Climate C%an4e Coordination OOce i, leadin4 CC3 ,trate4y
implementationM EM3:, role unclear
)/3< 2012-2011 %a, CC3 and /&M a, prioritie,
Climate c%an4e adaptation repre,ent, a ne7 component o$ t%e /&M eEort,,
initiated in P%a,e #L 9orld-7ide, it %a, become a topic o$ %i4% political
importance and countrie, every7%ere are doin4 t%eir be,t to introduce and
inte4rate climate c%an4e i,,ue, in national policy a4enda,L 3t t%e ,ame
time, at t%e 4lobal level, re,earc%, e0c%an4e, and international cooperation
are bein4 addre,,ed and ne4otiatedL Mon4olia ta8e, part in t%e international
proce,,e, in a mode,t mannerL 3t t%e national level, durin4 P%a,e #,
con,iderable pro4re,, %a, been made to put climate c%an4e and it,
relation,%ip 7it% /&M on t%e policy a4endaL (%e project team oOcer
re,pon,ible $or t%e 7or8 ,ummariIe, t%e ac%ievement a, $ollo7,: "$e!ore
=>>?" nobody in the %ongolian parliament was talking about climate change#
,ow we have a good national 8limate @isk %anagement .trategy although it
has not yet been approved by the government#"
3n innovative national con,ultative proce,, 7a, u,ed to dra$t a
Jational Strate4y $or Climate &i,8 Mana4ement and it, 3ction PlanLK 6t 7a,
,ent to EM3 aut%oritie, early 2010 and comment, 7ere included in a
revi,ed ver,ion 7%ic% 7a, t%en ,ubmitted to t%e oOce o$ t%e /eputy Prime
Mini,ter in JuneL <eedbac8 $rom ten mini,trie, led to $urt%er revi,ion, and a
Nnal ver,ion 7%ic% %a, been ,ubmitted to parliament $or revie7 and
di,cu,,ionL (%e SC&M3P 7a, produced in a relatively ,%ort time $rame,
certainly compared to t%e ational /i,a,ter Protection Policy and Pro4ram,
5*
alt%ou4% compared to t%e ori4inal P%a,e # time-,c%edule, it 7a, al,o be%ind
,c%edule =approval 7a, envi,ioned in 200+ and implementation 7ould $ollo7
,%ortly t%erea$terL <ormal approval may ta8e ,ome time, accordin4 to 8ey
people intervie7edL Some intervie7ee, even Due,tioned i$ it 7ould be
approved at all 4iven t%at t%e ational /i,a,ter Protection Policy and
Pro4ram %a, a ,ub-pro4ram on CC3 =an 7%y ,%ould t%ere be t7o policy
document, addre,,in4 t%e ,ame ,ubject; (%e SC&M3P indeed ,tate, t%at it
i, ?ba,ed on t%e *
t%
c%apter o$ t%e ational Pro4ram on Stren4t%enin4 t%e
/i,a,ter Protection Capacity in Mon4olia -200"-201".? -pL22.L 3ctivity 1L#
aim, to: ?6nte4rate and coordinate t%e SC&M3P 7it% t%e Mon4olian /&&
$rame7or8? -pL2#.L
(%e content o$ t%e SC&M3P 7a, analyIed accordin4 to t%e ,ame
criteria a, t%e ational /i,a,ter Protection Policy and Pro4ramM ,ee t%e
$ollo7in4 tableL
55
Ta%le "1 )ontent analysis o* the NS)RMAP
)riteria NS)RMAP
Clear concept, Te,
&elevance to national development conte0t Gi4%
&elevance to international conte0t Gi4%
&elevance to overall national policy
$rame7or8
(o be inte4rated in /&&<
Clear and relevant 4uidin4 principle, -5. Feneral principle,
6n$ormed by a 4ender per,pective $or
analy,i, and action
one
Clear, co%erent and doable objective, and
e0pected outcome,
3mbitiou, 4oal, -#., no outcome,
deNned
Clear, co%erent and doable activitie,
includin4 time$rame,
Clear and co%erent, but broad
Clear and co%erent role, and re,pon,ibilitie,
$or implementation -$unction,.
'ery 4eneral idea,, overlap 7it%
/&&<
Clear and 7or8able ,tructure $or
implementation
)nclear, overlap 7it% /&&<
Supportive bud4et and Nnancin4 plan o bud4etL Source, mentionedL
Mentioned to be 7or8ed outL
Supportive le4al $rame7or8 Mentioned to be 7or8ed out
6nte4rated in$ormation ,y,tem Gi4% priority, but no detail,
3ppropriate capacity development ,trate4y 'ery 4eneral, no detail,
6nte4rated early 7arnin4 ,y,tem Gi4% priority
Sound ri,8 a,,e,,ment ,trate4y Elaborated but need, reNnement
Sound preparedne,, ,trate4y Gi4% priority, ,ome e0ample,
Sound miti4ation ,trate4y Gi4% priority, ,ome e0ample,
Sound re,pon,e ,trate4y -,%ort term. ot mentioned
Sound recovery ! adaptation ,trate4y -lon4
term.
Gi4% priority, ,ome e0ample,
EEective monitorin4 and evaluation ,y,tem Feneral idea,, plan to be elaborated
EEective en$orcement ,y,tem ot mentioned
3t t%e ,ame time o$ t%e development o$ t%e SC&M3P, t%e project team
cooperated 7it% EM3 to inte4rate di,a,ter ri,8 a,,ociated to climate
c%an4e impact in t%e revi,ed ver,ion o$ t%e ational 3ction Plan o$ Climate
C%an4e 3daptation, coordinated by t%e Mini,try o$ ature, Environment and
(ouri,mL (%i, repre,ent, a 4ood e0ample o$ main,treamin4 o$ climate
c%an4e adaptation in t%e broader national policy and plannin4 a4endaL
Project ,taE and t%e re,pon,ible oOcer o$ t%e ME( ,po8e %i4%ly
appreciative o$ t%i, cooperationL 6t appear, t%at t%e Climate C%an4e
51
Coordination oOce %ou,ed in t%e ME( and led by /L /a4vadorj, Mon4olia:,
Special Envoy $or Climate C%an4e, %a, ta8en on t%e role o$ national
leader,%ipL Several ne7 project, %ave recently ,tarted 7it% international
donor $undin4L 6nter-mini,terial 7or8in4 4roup, %ave been ,et up to
main,tream climate c%an4e adaptation in ,ector policie,L EM3:, role in all
o$ t%i, i, not evidentM t%e ME( ,eem, better placed to lead t%i, 7or8L
(%ree broc%ure, on climate ri,8 mana4ement 7ere produced $or policy
ma8er,, %erder, and local re,ident,, and EM3 per,onnel, and di,tributed
recentlyL 3 ,erie, o$ traditional 8no7led4e material, -compiled on 12 /'/,.
7%ic% %a, been 7idely broadca,ted 7ill be included in t%e ,econdary
education pro4ram in January 2012 by order o$ t%e Pre,identL (%eir actual
u,e %a, yet to be ,y,tematically a,,e,,ed, but accordin4 to publication
$ollo7-up carried out by it, producer, SL /ambii, %erder, all over t%e country
are applyin4 t%e 8no7led4e pre,ented in t%e material,L (%e idea be%ind t%e
,erie, and t%e 12 /'/, are certainly ori4inalL (raditional 8no7led4e
combined 7it% ,cientiNc 8no7led4e could play a 8ey role in ,tren4t%en
climate c%an4e adaptation o$ all Mon4olian,L
6n 2011, t%e project ,ummary, operational 4uideline, and local
adverti,ement o$ ,mall 4rant, on Climate c%an4e adaptation and /i,a,ter
ri,8 reduction 7ere developed and di,tributed to tar4et area,L Propo,al, o$
11 %erder,: 4roup, and # /&& Council, 7ere ,elected $or a total o$ about )S
P #5,000, a, $ollo7,: &e$ore,tation in umru4 sum, [av8%an aimagM
e,tabli,%ment o$ a Smodel ,treet: to contribute to reduction o$ CO\ emi,,ion
and a tree plantation in C%in4eltei di,trict o$ )laanbaatar cityM re$urbi,%ment
o$ Nre N4%tin4 tool, and eDuipment, o$ t%e /&&P Council in Selen4e sum,
Bul4an aimagM ,elective breedin4 o$ co7, $or mil8 and dairy product, in
Binder sum, >%entii aimagM re$urbi,%ment o$ live,toc8 $ence, in Binder ,um,
>%entii aimagM e,tabli,%ment o$ %ay and $odder re,erve ,tation in
Jar4alt8%aan sum, >%entii aimagM re,toration o$ re,erve 7inter camp, in
Jar4alt8%aan sum, >%entii aimagM creation o$ Duality 7inter camp in
(,a4aanc%uluut ,oum, [av8%an aima4M re$urbi,%ment o$ %ay Neld 7it%
52
irri4ation ,y,tem in (,a4aanc%uluut ,um, [av8%an aimagM participatory
di,a,ter ri,8 reduction trainin4 $or $ore,t Nre N4%tin4 in umru4 sum,
[av8%an aimagL 6t i, too early to a,,e,, t%e outcome, and impact o$ t%e,e
ne7 initiative,L
Use o* a gender perspe$ti(e
Ba,ed on t%e $rame7or8 pre,ented in C%apter 2, t%i, ,ection pre,ent, t%e
main re,ult,L (%e table belo7 ,erve, a, a ,ynt%e,i,L
Ta%le ;1 Analysis o* .se o* a gender *rame0or/
Planned inp.ts?a$ti(ities A$t.al implementation
Fender in$ormed revie7 o$ policie,,
la7, and action, includin4 ,peciNc
indicator, $or monitorin4 and
evaluation o$ impact
EDual participation in project
trainin4,L
EDual participation in deci,ion-ma8in4
bodie,L
Fender a7arene,, trainin4
Se0-di,a44re4ated data collection
<acilitation o$ a plat$orm $or 7omen:,
and 7omen 4roup,: involvement in
project activitie,
6n t%e //PPP t%ere i, not a ,in4le
re$erence to 4enderL (%e MHE $rame7or8
i, mi,,in4L 6n t%e SC&M3P t%ere i, no
,in4le re$erence eit%erL
Sy,tematic attention 7a, paid to %ave a,
eDual a, po,,ible participation o$ 7omen
and men in trainin4 activitie,, and o$ten
t%i, 7a, ac%ievedL
9omen %ave remained %i4%ly under-
repre,ented in council,L GF, are mo,tly
led by men alt%ou4% 7omen are actively
involved in ,omeL (%e SGF, are led and
run by 7omenL
Some one-time 4ender a7arene,,
trainin4 7a, 4ivenL
Se0-di,a44re4ated data collection %a,
been ,poradicL
Some attention 7a, 4iven to 4et 7omen
involvedL 9omen t%em,elve, %ave
,tepped $or7ard bot% in )B and in sumsL
(%ere 7a, no 4ender c%ampion in t%e
project teamL
E+pe$ted o.t$omes Main res.lts
Common under,tandin4 obtained
about 4ender eDuality principle,
amon4 project ,taE, implementin4
partner, and tar4et communitie,
)nli8ely 4iven t%e non-,y,tematic
attention paid to and eEort, inve,ted in
a7arene,, rai,in4L
6t appear, t%at men %ave mo,tly
5"
En%anced capacitie, o$
7omen!men!4irl,!boy, $or di,a,ter
prevention, and reduction
People at ri,8 -tar4et communitie,
and t%e public at lar4e. are better
in$ormed and ,upported accordin4 to
4ender!,ocial!a4e ba,ed need, and
intere,t,A
beneNtted to date, t%e e0ception bein4
t%e SGF, and t%e 7omen GF,L
(%ere %a, been no ,y,tematic 4ender
main,treamin4 ,trate4yL
(%ere %a, been no ,y,tematic in$ormation
and ,upport ,trate4y $or people at ri,8L
A/eNned by t%e evaluator, ba,ed on project document,L
Ba,ed on 5 ,urvey, carried out in eac% o$ t%e ne7 P%a,e # ,ite, -7it% more
or le,, eDual $emale!male repre,entation., t%e July 200+ 4ender
main,treamin4 report by t%e Fender Center $or Su,tainable /evelopment
,i4nalled t%e $ollo7in4 concernin4 t%e project activitie,: to date, 20R o$
,urvey re,pondent, too8 part in trainin4 activitie, oEered -7omen: 5"RM
men: *2R.M 25R are playin4 a role in t%e ne7 or4aniIation, ,et up -SGF,,
GF,, council,. o$ 7%ic% about 10R %a, le,, t%an one year e0perienceM
project partner, 7%o are implementin4 activitie, lac8 4ender-,peciNc
8no7led4eM t%ere are no ,e0-di,a44re4ated data t%rou4%out activitie,M and
di,,emination o$ in$ormation i, inadeDuate in term, o$ availability and
compre%en,ion, in particular to reac% t%e poore,t and mo,t vulnerable
%ou,e%old, 7%o are al,o o$ten mar4inaliIed $rom ,ocial ,ervice,L
Since t%e pre,entation o$ t%e report, 7%ic% ,erve, a, a u,e$ul ba,e-line
,tudy, t%ere %a, been no ,i4niNcant pro4re,, in movin4 t%e 4ender
main,treamin4 a4enda $or7ard, not7it%,tandin4 ,ome 4ood intention, $rom
,ome member, o$ t%e project team -e0pre,,ed in intervie7, 7it% t%em.L
Ba,ed on a t%orou4% revie7 o$ document,, intervie7, and ob,ervation,, to
,earc% ,peciNcally $or t%e realiIation o$ element, t%at 7ere a4reed to early
200+ by t%e team and t%e e0ternal 4ender advi,or -,ee C%apter 2.,
evaluator, conclude t%at eEort, %ave been minimal and not ,y,tematicL
(%ere 7a, no 4ender c%ampion in t%e team, 7%ic% 4enerally i, reco4niIed a,
a nece,,ary component o$ any 4ender main,treamin4 ,trate4y independent
$rom t%e approac% ad%ered to -eL4L, 7omen in development, 7omen and
development, 4ender and development.L
5+
O.tp.ts
(%e project %a, made 4ood pro4re,, on bot% t%e development and
di,,emination o$ publication,L /urin4 t%e entire period o$ t%e P%a,e 666, a total
o$ 1#,210 output, 7ere produced in variou, $orm,, ,uc% a, boo8,,
4uideboo8,, broc%ure,, /'/,, C/,L Mo,t o$ t%e output, 7ere developed by
FO, and individual con,ultant,, ,ome by EM3 ,taE, and t%e project team
it,el$ 7a, al,o re,pon,ible $or producin4 a certain number o$ output, -,ee
table 11.L 6n addition to t%e,e, ,everal (' broadca,t, and trailer, 7ere
developed and broadca,ted by MB and ot%er (' ,tation,L
10
Ta%le &!1 Beneral statisti$s o* o.tp.ts
200" 200+ 2010 2011 (otal
(otal output, -pc,. 2 5 + # 2*
3ut%or-,.!Editor-,. by number o$
output, -pc,.
EM3
Project team ! PO
FO ! Con,ultant-,.
1A
#-1A.
#
2
#
#
1
1A
-2A.
2-1A.
2A
"-#A.
1*-1A.
Printed copie, -pc,. 2"00 #210 #500 #200 1#210
ote: Aco-aut%ored
3, mentioned earlier, t%e evaluation team did not %ave enou4% time to
a,,e,, t%e actual u,e o$ all t%e,e material, e,pecially in term, o$ content,
and met%odolo4ie,L 6n term, o$ de,i4n, 7e noted a number o$ critical i,,ue,
7%ic% li8ely aEect t%e eOcient u,e o$ t%e publication,L <or e0ample, t%ere i,
very incon,i,tent de,i4n, pre,entation and labelin4 o$ publication,, 7it%
irre4ular u,e o$ lo4o,, diver,e $ormattin4 ,tyle,, varied $orm, o$ pre,entin4
credit,, and incon,i,tent re$erencin4L (%ere are no cro,,-re$erence, amon4
publication,L o complete overvie7 or catalo4ue o$ all t%e publication, %a,
been produced -,o $ar.L 3ll t%e,e $eature, 4ive t%e ,et o$ publication, a
rat%er %ap%aIard appearanceL 3nne0 11 include, more detailed in$ormation
about t%e publication,L
Output, reac%ed end-u,er, via diEerent c%annel,L (%e a44re4ated
ver,ion o$ t%e di,tribution li,t count, 12 u,er, t%at ran4e $rom
citiIen,!%erder, to policy ma8er, -,ee table 12.L (%e table indicate, t%at t%e
project %a, a relatively 4ood outreac% policy in term, o$ di,tribution ran4e,
alt%ou4%, t%ere ,ome data are mi,,in4L (%e project output, reac%ed citiIen,
and %erder, mainly t%rou4% local coordinator,, /&&PC, and A4erB
in$ormation center,L
11
Ta%le &&1 Distri%.tion list o* some o.tp.ts (%y n.m%er o* o.tp.ts'
ame o$ t%e receivin4 body
Cla,,iNcation o$ output,
(otal
Policy
Climat
e
c%an4
e
CB/&M
AA
ational library o$ Mon4olia 15 15
&e,earc% in,titute,, FO,A 50 *51 #1 5*2
Secondary ,c%ool-,. *500 *500
)niver,itie, 105 1" 12#
Summer camp, a,,ociation $or c%ildren #00 #00
(%e project implementation unit 100 15 115
(%e project local coordinator,, and
/&&PC,
11*0 #1 1121
?4er? in$ormation center, +0 +0
Gerder, and local citiIen, 150 150
Mini,trie, and a4encie, 20 2* +*
EM3 ! it, branc%e, 1*25 +"* 1"1 21*5
3ima4 c%ild aut%ority department-,. 150 150
/onor or4aniIation,, inclL )/P country
oOce
#0 ++ 12+
Ot%er, -participant,: o$ ,eminar,,
trainin4, etcL.
1#"0 120 1500
Sub-total 1"#0 *110 55"+ 1202+
ote: A/ata available 7a, a44re4atedL AACommunity-ba,ed di,a,ter ri,8
mana4ementL
(%e project team i, currently 7or8in4 on t%e (' documentary entitled J)/P
activitie, $or ,a$e li$e o$ everyoneK 7%ic% 7ill be ba,ed on be,t practice, and
project ac%ievement,L
12
59 Stories *rom the -eld by &onnie 'ernooy
!hat"s in a street name# Pioneering $omm.nity#%ased disaster ris/
management in Ulaan%aatar
6n recent year, )laanbaatar city %a, 4ro7n rapidly and to a lar4e e0tent,
uncontrolledL 3ccordin4 to oOcial ,tati,tic,, t%e capital:, population %a,
increa,ed $rom ++*,#00 in 2001 to 1,112,#00 at t%e end o$ 200+ or more
t%an 11RL Mo,t o$ t%e increa,e i, due to t%e inQu0 o$ mi4rant, =%erder, $rom
all over t%e countryL (%e city area %a, e0panded dramatically in almo,t all
direction, 7it% ,pra7lin4 ger -traditional tent. nei4%bour%ood, on mountain
,lope, every7%ereL (%e city i, al,o e0periencin4 a ,tron4 con,truction and
renovation boom -apartment,, enterpri,e,, oOce,, ,tore,, 4a,oline ,tation,,
road, and ,treet,. and a very rapid increa,e o$ t%e number o$ ne7 and u,ed
motor ve%icle, accompanied by ri,in4 air pollution, noi,e and accident,L
Many o$ t%e ne7comer, %ave %ad no previou, e0perience o$ livin4 and
7or8in4 in a ever-more den,ely cro7ded and polluted cityL (%ey are learnin4
by doin4, adju,tin4 to t%e ne7 dynamic, and e0i4encie, o$ livin4 in conNned
,pace,, ,urrounded by many people, and 7it% ba,ic in$ra,tructure and
,ervice, ,uc% a, %ealt%, 7ater, ,anitation, electricity, emer4ency
underdeveloped and ,till undeveloped in many place,L 6t i, no ,urpri,e t%at
actual %aIard, %ave increa,ed and ,o %ave t%e number and variety o$ ri,8,L
Eart%Dua8e,, con,truction Nre,, po7er line!tran,mi,,ion Nre,, $ore,t Nre,,
Qu,%-Qood,, c%emical ,pill,, %uman and live,toc8 di,ea,e, -epidemic,. are
t%e mo,t important one, identiNed, 7it% ,ome ri,8 variation by city di,trictL
Gavin4 built up ,ome e0perience in rural area, 7it% t%e e,tabli,%ment
o$ community-ba,ed di,a,ter ri,8 mana4ement, t%e project team initiated in
200" an urban-ba,ed eEort to introduce and e0periment 7it% an approac% to
,tren4t%en local-level di,a,ter protectionL 3t t%e %eart o$ t%e e0perimental
approac% are t%e ,o-called Sel$-Gelp Froup, operatin4 at khoroo -,ub-
di,trict. level, t%e lo7e,t admini,trative city unitL Sel$-Gelp Froup, are, $or
Mon4olia, a ne0 8ind o$ voluntary or4aniIation o$ motivated citiIen,
,upported by t%e project in t%e $orm o$ a paid coordinator!$acilitator and
trainin4, eL4L, about ri,8 mappin4 and a,,e,,ment, Nr,t aid, ,earc% and
re,cue, NreN4%tin4, early 7arnin4, or4aniIational development, Nnancial
mana4ementL (%e 4roup, al,o received ,ome eDuipment and material, $or
NreN4%tin4, communication, and public a7arene,, rai,in4, and one ,mall
4rant to be4in one or more di,a,ter ri,8 reduction activitie, accordin4 to a
7ell-elaborated planL
1#
(%e Sel$-Gelp Froup, are complemented by /i,trict &i,8 &eduction
Council, -/&&C,. Duite ,imilar in $unction and operation, to t%e /i,a,ter &i,8
&eduction Partner,%ip, Council, in rural area,L (7o contra,tin4 di,trict, o$
)laanbaatar:, nine di,trict, 7ere ,elected $or pilot eEort,, bot% identiNed a,
%i4% ri,8 area,: C%in4eltei, an e0ample o$ a ger nei4%bour%ood and
Son4ino8%air84an, an e0ample o$ an indu,trial nei4%bour%oodL Ba,eline
,tudie, done in bot% ,ite, produced a blea8 picture: t%e $e7 ational
Emer4ency Mana4ement 34ency -EM3. di,trict level ,taE in c%ar4e o$
di,a,ter mana4ement %ad little relevant e0perti,e and lac8ed re,ource,,
di,trict, %ad no prevention plan,, t%e 4eneral population %ad little or no
a7arene,, about di,a,ter, and ri,8,, 7%ile %aIard, 7ere increa,in4 yearly
and additional one, 7ere on t%e ri,e, ,uc% a, c%emical ,pill, and %uman and
live,toc8 borne conta4iou, di,ea,e,L 3 $ertile 4round $or action, it ,eemedL
Gere i, t%e ,tory o$ C%in4elteiL
$hingeltei
M,L e4enbayar, t%e local coordinator e0plain,: ?Our 12
t%
khoroo 7a, $ormed
in 1++2L (%en t%ere 7ere about #,000 peopleL o7 7e %ave 12,#"*
in%abitant, accordin4 to t%e 2011 cen,u,L 3lmo,t "0R o$ our area i,
mountainou, includin4 11,000 %a o$ $ore,tL 9e ,tarted t%e di,a,ter ri,8
mana4ement 7or8 on September 15, 200" 7it% a ,mall 4roup o$ mo,tly
7omenL 3$ter 7e received ,ome trainin4 and 7it% t%e 4uidance o$ t%e project
team 7e Nr,t made a ri,8 map o$ t%e khorooL (%i, %elped to identi$y 7%at,
7%ere and %o7 to ,tart 7it% our activitie,L 9e t%en ,et up an in$ormation
centre =7it% our o7n eEort,, and ,tarted a local $und collection campai4n,
t%e ?100 Mon4olian Tugrig Campai4nL? 6n t%e be4innin4 it 7a, %ard to 4et
people to4et%erL 9e 7ere not u,ed to 7or8 to4et%erL Our ,ub-di,trict $ace,
many problem,: %i4% unemployment, many $emale %eaded %ou,e%old, 7%o
%ave no ,pare time, poor %ealt% and ,anitary condition,]?
3 Nr,t, $our Sel$-Gelp Froup, 7ere ,et up but over time, only t7o %ave
remained activeL (7o 4ave up due to lac8 o$ time and motivation and $al,e
e0pectation, o$ obtainin4 monetary 4ain, -%and-out,. $rom t%e projectL One
4roup received a ,mall 4rant 7%ic% 7a, implemented jointly 7it% t%e &ed
Cro,, o$ Mon4olia to train Nve khoroo member, in t%e provi,ion o$
emer4ency %elpL (%e ,econd 4roup u,ed t%e ,mall 4rant to name all t%e
,treet, and alley,, number all major buildin4, and put up ,i4n, o$ important
,ite, in t%e khoroo allo7in4 emer4ency 7or8er, to Duic8ly identi$y t%e ri4%t
place to 4o to in an emer4encyL 9%at:, in a ,treet name one 7ould ,ay; o7
7e 8no7 one crucial utility^ (%e 4roup al,o introduced ,a$er and le,,
1*
pollutin4 coo8in4 ,tove, and initiated a ,mall $ore,tation projectL (%e t7o
4roup, to4et%er are cooperatin4 7it% t%e /i,a,ter &i,8 &eduction Council to
update t%e di,a,ter preparedne,, plan, carry out anot%er %ou,e%old ,urvey,
and actualiIe t%e di,a,ter ri,8 mapL (%e /&& Council e,tabli,%ed a &i,8
<und, and u,ed t%e 4rant received $rom t%e project to purc%a,e a
loud,pea8er ,y,tem to ,et up a ,imple 7arnin4 ,y,temL (%i, ,y,tem %elped
to prevent t%e ,pread o$ a Nre in 3pril 2011, 7%ic% 7a, rapidly e0tin4ui,%ed
a$ter detectionL 6n $act, ,ince 200" t%ere %ave been no more Nre, t%at
cau,ed dama4e to t%e khorooL
Say, t%e ,ecretary o$ one o$ t%e Sel$-Gelp Froup,: ?Our project i, a
,pecial projectL 9e do not %and out 4i$t, or moneyL 6t ta8e, time to c%an4e
people:, attitude,, to develop a po,itive attitude to7ard volunteer 7or8L 6t
reDuire, a lon4 timeL Support o$ t%e khoroo 4overnor i, very importantL 9e
are luc8y in t%i, re4ard^ 9e %ave become ,tron4er over time and no7 7e are
7ritin4 propo,al, our,elve, to 4et more ,upportL (%i, 7ill beneNt everybodyL
o7 ot%er khoroos are loo8in4 at u, a, a 4ood e0ample o$ community 7or8L?
(%e t7o 4roup, are ,tron4ly motivated to continue t%eir eEort,L (%ey
7ant to broaden t%eir attention and addre,, t%e root cau,e, o$ many o$ t%e
problem, t%e di,trict i, $acin4, accordin4 to t%eir o7n analy,i,: poverty and
poor environmental a7arene,,L (%e protection o$ t%e natural re,ource ba,e
in t%eir di,trict i, o$ vital importance =ille4al lo44in4 and ille4al occupation o$
mountain land, ,%ould be ,toppedL (%i, 7ill %ave a direct impact on t%e
occurrence o$ bot% $ore,t Nre, and Qu,% Qood,L
6t i, 7%ere di,a,ter ri,8 mana4ement, natural re,ource mana4ement
and poverty alleviation meet =an important le,,onL
15
4rom almost nothing to many things that $an %e done1
strengthening disaster ris/ management at aimag le(el :the $ase o*
Ihentii
(%e EM3 oOce in )ndur8%aan %a, a brand-ne7 appearanceL (%e oOce
,pread, over t7o Qoor, and i, 7ell-eDuipped 7it% tec%nolo4y and tool, 7ort%
about *0 million M( donated by t%e )/P project ,ince 2002L (%e oOce
%a, ,eparate ,pace, $or meetin4,, trainin4,, readin4 and communication,L 3
,mall library %old, t%e )/P produced publication,L (%ere i, a ,atellite ba,ed
p%one ,y,tem and 7irele,, internetL Searc% and re,cue eDuipment i, ,tored
and maintained orderlyL 3ccordin4 to Mr Bat8%art,a4a, /eputy C%ie$, t%e
project ,upport %a, been o$ 4reat %elp to t%e provincial level EM3 -total
,taE: 1*#. a, 7ell a, t%e sum level, in particular but not only, $or t%e t7o
sums directly involved in t%e project, Jar4alt8%aan and BinderL
Mr Bat8%art,a4a: ?(%an8, to t%e trainin4,, t%e a7arene,, about
di,a,ter, and climate c%an4e, and our 8no7led4e about di,a,ter ri,8
mana4ement includin4 community-ba,ed mana4ement %ave increa,ed
con,iderablyL 1# o$ 12 sums" 11 /&& oOcial,, in total %ave ta8en part in
trainin4,L 1# sums obtained trainin4 material, and 12 are preparin4 Duarterly
di,a,ter mana4ement plan,L (%ere i, an inventory o$ pro$e,,ional, 7%o can
be called upon in all 12 sumsL (%ere i, one DualiNed trainer o$ trainer, at
aimag level 7%o can teac% at univer,ity levelL?
3 $unctional communication ,y,tem %a, been ,et up, 7%ic%, $or
e0ample, ,end, 1-5 day, 7eat%er $oreca,t, u,in4 SMS me,,a4e, once a day
and up to $our time, a day durin4 e0treme 7eat%er condition, -,o $ar, about
2,000 %erder $amilie, %ave ,ub,cribed repre,entin4 about 20R o$ all %erder
$amilie, in t%e aimagL (%e e,tabli,%ment o$ a $unctional in$ormation and
communication ,y,tem i, o$ %i4% importance at all level, o$ rural
admini,tration in Mon4olia 4iven t%e very lar4e di,tance, bet7een aimag
and sum center,, bet7een %erder communitie,, and bet7een individual
%erder %ou,e%old,L (%e 7eat%er $oreca,t, include temperature, 7ind ,peed,
and precipitationL (%ey are not yet localiIed, but t%i, may be $ea,ible in t%e
near $eature 7%en t%e national meteorolo4ical a4ency 3MEM 7ill %ave
acDuired more ,op%i,ticated computer, and $oreca,tin4 pro4ram,L (%e
$oreca,t, are prepared by M, Mun8I%ul, t%e trainin4 and communication,
oOcerL S%e i, a 4ood e0ample o$ %o7 )/P project ,upport %a, ,tren4t%ened
t%e 8no7led4e and ,8ill, o$ EM3 ,taEL 6n %er o7n 7ord,: ?(%an8, to t%e
trainin4 6 am no7 able to u,e t%e ne7 eDuipment 7ellL 6 communicate by
p%one, internet, and ,%ort-7ave radioL 6 prepare t%e daily 7eat%er $oreca,t,
11
and ,end t%em out t%rou4% our SMS-net7or8L Be$ore, 6 could not do any o$
t%e,e t%in4,L?
3ll emer4ency ve%icle, are eDuipped 7it% FPS and driver, 8no7 %o7 to
u,e itL 6n 3pril 2011, a Nre drill 7a, or4aniIed in Binder sum 7it% t%e
participation o$ 4overnor,, /&&PC member,, %erder 4roup leader, and
%erder, $rom " sumsL 3 # 8m 7ildNre protection line 7a, e,tabli,%ed durin4
t%e drill a, a practical e0ample o$ prevention and controlL 6n sums
nei4%bourin4 Jar4alt8%aan and Binder local Nre bri4ade, are bein4
e,tabli,%ed without ,upport o$ t%e project, but directly in,pired by t%e
eEort,L
Preparedne,, %a, improved t%an8, to t%e )/P ,upport, 7%ic% i,
crucial a, climate c%an4e impact, are becomin4 more vi,ible and $eltL <or
e0ample, on t%e day o$ arrival o$ t%e evaluation mi,,ion, a 7ildNre 7a, bein4
combated in /adal sum, and t%e ,ame evenin4 a %u4e t%under,torm pa,,ed
over t%e to7n -a 7arnin4 7a, tran,mitted to t%e to7n population., bot%
p%enomena never ,een be$ore in t%e re4ion, accordin4 to EM3 ,taE
intervie7edL MrL Fantumer, %ead o$ t%e 4overnor:, oOce, ob,erved t%at
t%ere %a, been 4ood cooperation bet7een t%e )/P and EM3 and t%i, %a,
,erved t%e aimag 7ellL MrL Erdenebil4, %ead o$ t%e development plannin4
oOce added t%at t%ere i, a clear diEerence bet7een communitie, 7it% and
7it%out %erder 4roup,: t%e $ormer are better or4aniIed not only $or di,a,ter
ri,8 mana4ement but al,o to carry out ,u,tainable liveli%ood activitie,L
9%en a,8ed by t%e evaluation team about clear indicator, o$
ac%ievement, bot% oOcial, mentioned t%e $ollo7in4: 1L Gerder, and ot%er,
7%o %ave ta8en part in activitie, %ave a muc% better under,tandin4 no7
about di,a,ter ri,8 mana4ementL 2L (%ey are better able no7 to provide Nr,t
aid to t%em,elve, and to ot%er, in ca,e o$ emer4encyL #L (%ey are able to 4et
7ell-or4aniIed in a ,%ort time and carry out ,earc% and re,cue 7or8M team,
%ave people 7it% diEerent pro$e,,ional bac84round,, eL4L, p%y,ician,
en4ineer, Nre N4%terL *L (%e aimag 4overnment no7 %a, a ta,8$orce t%at
develop, an annual /&M plan ba,ed on in$ormation received about real
condition, at local level =t%i, i, t%an8, to t%e bottom-up approac% o$ t%e
)/P projectL 5L 3, a re,ult o$ *, t%e aimag prevention plannin4 %a, become
more reali,ticL (%ey al,o mentioned one important indirect re,ult o$ t%e
project eEort,: recently, an a4reement 7a, ,i4ned 7it% &u,,ia to e,tabli,% a
1108m Nre lineL 9ildNre, t%at aEect t%e nort%ern part o$ t%e aimag o$ten
ori4inate in &u,,iaL
5oo8in4 a%ead, EM3 and aimag 4overnment oOcial, e0pre,,ed t%e
$ollo7in4 7i,%e, in no particular order o$ priority: i. Obtain more and better
NreN4%tin4 eDuipmentM ii. Cover all sums in term, o$ trainin4 and /&M
12
operation,M iii. Five priority to t%e ,teppe area 7%ic% %a, not received a,
muc% project ,upport -eL4L, )/P, 3,ian /evelopment Ban8, 9orld Ban8. a,
t%e nort%ern re4ion, but 7%ere nece,,itie, are very %i4%, not only /&M but
al,o ,u,tainable pa,ture mana4ementM iv. &ai,e a7arene,, and train citiIen,
about di,a,ter, and /&ML v.L 3ppoint and ,upport one permanent /&M
oOcial in eac% sumL vi.L 6ncrea,e tec%nical and Nnancial ,upport to t%e sum-
level /&M unit,L (%e,e ,i0 item, repre,ent an ambitiou, but 7ell-$ounded
li,tL
<rom t%i, e0ample an important le,,on emer4e,: it i, very important to
%ave a clear vi,ion o$ 7%ere to 4o 7it% t%e aimag level /&M ,y,temL Suc% a
clear ,trate4y ,ometime, called a t%eory o$ action or a pat%7ay o$ c%an4e,
%a, been emer4in4 $rom t%e eEort,, ac%ievement,, mi,ta8e, and c%allen4e,
put in practice by EM3 ,taE and ot%er,L 6t %a, ta8en time, but t%e
advanta4e i, t%at 7%at i, under development i, 4rounded in reality o$ t%e
aimagL
1"
J4rom I alone to .s togetherJC1 lo$al le(el partnership %.ilding in
Aargalt/haan sum
Jar4alt8%aan sum i, located in a relatively $avourable location: alon4 t%e
ea,tern %i4%7ay $rom )laanbaatar to )ndur8%aanL Communication and
mar8etin4 c%annel, are better developed t%an in t%e ca,e o$ $ar a7ay sums
,uc% a, BinderL On Nr,t ,i4%t, t%e sum i, 4ro7in4 -,everal ne7 %ou,e, are
under con,truction, 7%ic% contra,t, 7it% ot%er sums 7%ere population and
economic activity are in declineL (%e sum %a, an active /&&P council led by
a dynamic sum 4overnor, MrL C%inbat -$ormer director o$ t%e Secondary
Sc%ool.L (%e )/P project e,tabli,%ed t%ree %erder 4roup, 7%ic% over time
%ave evolved ,i4niNcantlyL 'ery recently, t7o o$ t%e t%ree %ave become
$ormal <ore,t ),er Froup, under t%e ne7 <ore,t 5a7L (%e ,ucce,,$ul e0ample
o$ t%e t%ree 4roup, %a, led to t%e $ormation o$ 11 ot%er 4roup, in t%e sum,
$ormally re4i,tered by t%e sum 4overnmentL
(%ere i, no $ormal collective pa,ture mana4ement in t%e sum, but t%e
4overnor doe, %i, be,t to e,tabli,% ,ome in$ormal re4ulation, $or autumn
and 7inter pa,turin4L Sometime,, conQict, occur 7%en a $amily doe, not
%ave enou4% pa,turelandL (%i, i, bein4 ,olved t%rou4% ne4otiationL
3ccordin4 to t%e 4overnor, t%e Duality and diver,ity o$ pa,ture land, %ave
decrea,ed in t%e la,t Nve year,, and t%i, i, aEectin4 everybody in t%e sumL
?6t repre,ent, a bi4 c%an4e $or %erder, to realiIe t%at it i, no lon4er $ea,ible
to only live $rom live,toc8, but t%at t%ere i, a need to al,o develop ot%er
economic activitie,L?
<rom 2005-200", t%e local project coordinator, MrL (,o4bat, actively
built t%e ba,e o$ di,a,ter ri,8 mana4ement in t%e sumL Ge i, no7 t%e %ead o$
t%e sum CitiIen:, &epre,entative >%ural and continue, to play a leader,%ip
role in t%e e0pan,ion and deepenin4 o$ t%e proce,, o$ c%an4eL (%e
evaluation mi,,ion %ad a 4roup-di,cu,,ion 7it% * member, o$ t%e /&&P
council 7%o 7ere joined by a $e7 member, o$ t%e t%ree )/P ,upported
%erder 4roup,L (%e mi,,ion ob,erved a demon,tration o$ t%e u,e o$ t%e sum
Nre bri4ade eDuipment obtained 7it% project ,upport and vi,ited ,everal o$
t%e di,a,ter ri,8 reduction and ,u,tainable liveli%ood initiative, deployed in
bot% t%e rural area and sum center, in particular: t%e $encin4 o$ pa,tureland
-$or %ay ma8in4, pa,ture re4eneration e0periment,, and plantin4 o$ berrie,.,
t%e protection o$ 7ater 7ell,, t%e di44in4 o$ ne7 7ater 7ell,, t%e ma8in4 o$
$elt ,%eet,, production o$ potatoe, and ve4etable, in t%e Neld and in
4reen%ou,e, and ma8in4 o$ con,truction bric8,L 6n t%e comin4 year, $ore,t
mana4ement activitie, 7ill be underta8en a, 7ellL <or e0ample, t%i, year,
one %erder 4roup %a, planted a total o$ " %a o$ potatoe, 7%ic% 7ill be u,ed
1+
$or %ome con,umption o$ all member %ou,e%old, and $or ,aleM proNt, 7ill be
,%ared eDually amon4 member %ou,e%old,L
MrL C%inbat: ?(%e /&&P council i, very committed and %ard-7or8in4L
9e, Mon4olian,, %ave a ,tron4 mentality o$ 6, 6, 6L (%i, 7e need to c%an4e to
7e, 7e, 7eL 6t ta8e, time to ac%ieve t%i, and build common ,en,eL But t%e
natural circum,tance,, ,uc% a, la,t year:, dzud, ma8e people uniteL (%e
)/P ,upport %a, allo7ed u, to obtain better eDuipmentL Be$ore, 7e 7ere
N4%tin4 Nre, 7it% only buc8et,L 9e %ave 4ained acce,, to more in$ormation,
e,tabli,% a ri,8 $und, inte4rate /&M in a more ,y,tematic 7ay in t%e sum
level plannin4, and e0pand economic activitie, in t%e sumL Per%ap, t%e major
ac%ievement %a, been t%at citiIen, and sum 4overnment are no7 7or8in4
clo,ely to4et%er, identi$yin4 need, and opportunitie, and plannin4 ne7
activitie, t%rou4% a participatory proce,,L?
)omm.nity#%ased e@orts
Gerder, are receivin4 daily, aimag level, 7eat%er $oreca,t, t%rou4% a F-
mobile provided SMS ,ervice 7it% up to t%ree $oreca,t, daily in ca,e o$
e0treme 7eat%er event, -,ee t%e EM3 ,tory.L 6t i, t%e ,tart o$ a ,imple Early
9arnin4 Sy,tem 7%ic% in t%i, sum %a, 4ood potential 4iven t%e relative
pro0imity to )ndur8%aanL (%e &i,8 <und ,tarted in 200" 7it% a local
contribution o$ 500,000 M( and %a, ,ince 4ro7n to 1,*00,000 M(L (%e
$und i, 4ro7in4 t%an8, to intere,t, 4ained, proNt, made -eL4L, t%e ,ale o$
%ay., member,%ip $ee,, and a 10R contribution o$ eac% )/P ,mall 4rant
a7arded to %erder 4roup,L (%i, &i,8 <und repre,ent, a 8ind o$ local e0ample
o$ a di,a,ter ri,8 in,urance mec%ani,m ,et up $or t%e common 4ood o$ t%e
populationL (%ere ,eem, to be ,cope to build up t%e $und $urt%er and
pro$e,,ionaliIe it, $unctionin4L (%e collective role o$ t%e current $und could
per%ap, be complemented 7it% an individual role to beneNt %ou,e%old, in
needL <or t%e Nr,t time, t%e aimag 4overnment allocated 2,000,000 M( to
t%e sum bud4et $or t%e purc%a,e o$ %ay to build up a %ay re,erveL
One o$ t%e important re,ult, %a, been t%e reduction o$ Nre,L So $ar, in
2011, t%ere %ave been no Nre,L 3ccordin4 to %erder, intervie7ed, t%i, i, due
to increa,ed vi4ilance and improved communication and cooperation amon4
%erder, and bet7een %erder, and sum 4overnmentL
(%e C%uluut %erder 4roup %a, nine $amily member, 7it% a total o$
about #0 peopleL 6n 2010, t%ey received 2L" million M( $rom t%e )/P
project in t%e $orm o$ a /&M ,mall 4rant and t%i, year t%ey obtained anot%er
2L" million M( $or climate c%an4e adaptation, part o$ )S P *0,000 donated
by t%e Briti,% Emba,,y $or Climate C%an4e 3daptation and /i,a,ter &i,8
20
&eduction initiative, under t%e )P/ projectL (%e 4roup intend, to u,e t%e
latter $or re$urbi,%in4 o$ t%eir 7inter ,%elter to be prepared $or a ne0t dzudL
(%e 4roup leader, MrL Fantomor, e0pre,,ed ,ati,$action about t%e project
,upportL 9omen play an active role in all t%ree 4roup,L 6n $act, one o$ t%e
4roup,, named (avan-Erdene, i, a 7omen:, 4roupL (%ey ma8e 7ool $or t%e
production o$ t%e $elt ,%eet,, loo8 a$ter t%e ve4etable production, and ta8e
c%ar4e o$ live,toc8 mana4ement and improvementL Said M,L Bolortuul: ?9e
7or8 2* %our, a dayL <or u,, t%ere i, no %olidayL?
5oo8in4 a%ead, MrL (,o4bat i, convinced t%at a$ter t%e )/P project
%a, ended, t%e /&&P council, t%e %erder 4roup,, and t%e ri,8 $und 7ill
continue to operateL Go7ever, %e noted t%at it 7ould be 4ood i$ t%e sum
7ould receive a N0ed annual bud4et contribution $rom t%e central
4overnment $or /&ML (%e sum 4overnor added t%at it 7ould be 4ood to %ave
one permanent /&M oOcial at t%e sum levelL (%e leader, o$ t%e %erder
4roup, e0pre,,ed t%at t%ey 7ill continue to 7or8 to4et%er, to protect t%e
environment, reduce ri,8,, and increa,e %ou,e%old income,L
(%e,e eEort, point to t%ree important le,,on,: Nr,t, t%at $rom learnin4
by doin4 on a ,mall ,cale, %erder, 4ain ne7 tec%nical, ,ocial, or4aniIational
and entrepreneurial 8no7led4e and ,8ill, 7%ic% create t%e $oundation $or t%e
development o$ ne7 collective activitie,M ,econd, t%at ,%ort-term economic
beneNt, t%rou4% income diver,iNcation and value addin4 are in,trumental to
reduce vulnerability o$ %erder liveli%ood,M and, t%ird, t%at under $avourable
condition,, ,uc% a, ,tron4 leader,%ip, 4ood acce,, to in$ormation and
mar8et,, di,a,ter ri,8 mana4ement eEort, can take the !orm o$ ,u,tainable
liveli%ood activitie, 7%ic% beneNt both individual %ou,e%old, and %erder
communitie, at lar4eL 3, a re,ult, t%e sum 4ain, a, 7ell: better
preparedne,,, increa,ed ,ecurity, more dynamic ,ocial and economic li$eL
A9ord, o$ t%e sum 4overnor MrL C%inbat -intervie7 3u4u,t 1, 2011.L
21
69 Assessment o* res.lts
3ccordin4 to t%e (o&, o$ t%e terminal evaluation, t%e de,criptive a,,e,,ment
pre,ented in C%apter, # and * need, to be complemented by a ratin4 u,in4
t%e ,core, o$ %i4%ly ,ati,$actory -G., ,ati,$actory -S., mar4inally ,ati,$actory
-M., and un,ati,$actory -).L (%e evaluator, developed a ratin4 table u,in4
t%e ,i0 broad cate4orie, -criteria. 4iven in t%e (o&,, and added one: u,e o$ a
4ender per,pectiveL >ey indicator, $or eac% criteria 7%ic% 7ere identiNed in
con,ultation 7it% t%e project teamL (%e complete ratin4 table can be $ound in
3nne0 1*L (%e actual ratin4 i, done Dualitatively on t%e ba,i, o$ t%e 8ey
indicator, and t%e Nndin4, pre,ented in C%apter, # and *L (%e re,ult, are
pre,ented in t%e table 12 belo7L
Ta%le &1 Rating o* res.lts
)riteria S$ore
Implementation S
),e o$ lo4ical $rame7or8 -5<. S
EEectivene,, o$ relation,%ip, bet7een project team and partner, S
EEectivene,, o$ project team capacitie, SK
Sta/eholder parti$ipation S
Production o$ in$ormation by t%e project S
/i,,emination o$ in$ormation by project S
5ocal u,er, involvement in project deci,ion-ma8in4 S
5ocal u,er, involvement in project implementation S
FO involvement in project deci,ion-ma8in4 M
FO involvement in implementation D
Fovernment involvement in implementation M
Fovernment ,upport to t%e project S
EEective international partner,%ip, S
EEective national partner,%ip, bet7een EM3 and ot%er a4encie, M
Use o* gender perspe$ti(e U
Common under,tandin4 obtained about 4ender eDuality principle, amon4
project ,taE, implementin4 partner, and tar4et communitie,
M
En%anced capacitie, o$ 7omen!men!4irl,!boy, $or di,a,ter prevention and
reduction
M
People at ri,8 are better in$ormed and ,upported accordin4 to
4ender!,ocial!a4e ba,ed need, and intere,t,
U
Monitoring and e(al.ation S
3deDuate periodic over,i4%t o$ implementation M
(%e realiIation o$ $ormal evaluation, D
(%e actual u,e o$ monitorin4 and evaluation re,ult, S
4inan$ial planning S
3deDuate e0penditure, by objective! activity!output-,. M?SL
Co,t-eEectivene,, o$ ac%ievement, (%)&
3deDuate Nnancial mana4ement S
22
3deDuate co-Nnancin4 D
S.staina%ility S
EEort, realiIed t%at 7ill 4uarantee t%e continuation o$ beneNt, S
/e4ree o$ up4radin4 o$ t%e national ,taE M
Attainment o* o%2e$ti(es S
1L Support implementation o$ Mon4olia:, lon4-term /&M ,trate4y M ? SM
2L 6mprove preparedne,, and in,titutional capacity $or /&M and emer4ency
re,pon,e
S
#L 3,,i,t in adaptin4 to climate c%an4e, in particular t%o,e in rural
environment,
D
V Ba,ed on %o7 team member, u,ed available capacitie,L 3, documented in
C%apter #, t%e team a, a 7%ole could %ave beneNtted $rom ,tron4er 4ender
analy,i,, monitorin4 and evaluation, and 8no7led4e mana4ement capacitie,L
W M ratin4 ba,ed on actual e0penditure, by t%e end o$ July o$ 2011: Objective
1 -20R, Objective 2 -"+R, Objective # -122R, Monitorin4 and evaluation
-+*R, Overall -"#RL 3ccordin4 to t%e PM, by /ecember #1, actual
e0penditure, $or Objective 1 7ill be 100R due to t%e additional procurement
o$ eDuipment $or EM3 o$ total value o$ )S P 100,000 -email 3u4u,t 21,
2011.L (%at 7ould brin4 t%e ratin4 to SL
_ Evaluator, did not %ave ,uOcient in$ormation and time to a,,e,, t%i,
criteriaL (%e 4eneral impre,,ion i, t%at t%e team %a, been very co,t eEective
realiIin4 many activitie, 7it% t%e $und, availableL
` 3, documented in C%apter #, i$ t%i, objective i, read in a ,trict ,en,e, t%e
ratin4 i, mar4inally ,ati,$actory -$ormal implementation %a, not yet ,tarted.L
6$ project intervention, are con,idered pilot policy implementation, t%en t%e
ratin4 i, ,ati,$actoryL
O(erall, the assessment indi$ates that the per*orman$e has %een
satis*a$tory 0ith the sole e+$eption o* the .se o* a gender
perspe$ti(e9
2#
79 )on$l.sions
(%e P%a,e # propo,al 7a, a very ambitiou, endeavourL 6t aimed to 4et t7o
novel, inter-,ector policie, developed, %armoniIed, approved and
implementedM pro$e,,ionaliIe EM3 to a very %i4% de4ree a, an
autonomou,, civil a4encyM ,tren4t%en and ,cale-out ne7 /&M ,tructure, at
sum/khoroo and rural and urban community level, and connect t%em to t%e
national ,y,temM and develop a co%erent public a7arene,, and education
,trate4y in relation to /&M and CC3PL 6t i, no 7onder t%at, de,pite a
committed and tirele,, pro$e,,ional team o$ " ,taE in )laanbaatar and 11
local coordinator, in )laanbaatar and sums, a )S P 2,000,000 bud4et
-increa,ed by t7o additional 4rant,., and an overall 7ell-mana4ed project,
not all o$ t%e ori4inally deNned t%ree outcome, and nine output, %ave been
!ully ac%ievedL
(%e di,a,trou, 200+-2010 dzud put con,iderable, unanticipated ,tre,,
on t%e project implementation proce,, alt%ou4% it al,o ,erved a, anot%er
national 7a8e-up call Z un$ortunately, it appeared t%at t%e dzud 7a8e-up call
o$ a decade earlier %ad been lar4ely $or4otten alreadyL (%e dzud put a very
,%arp ,potli4%t on t%e 7ea8ne,,e, o$ t%e country:, di,a,ter protection
capacitie, 7%il,t pu,%in4 t%e project team to 7or8 even %arder t%an it
already didL
O(erall, 0e $on$l.de that res.lts ha(e %een satis*a$tory, in
parti$.lar i* an alternati(e (ie0 on the iss.e o* poli$y
implementation is $onsidered :seeing the project operations as an
example of piloting policy implementation 0hi$h has prod.$ed
.se*.l lessons9 (%ere are $e7 countrie, in t%e 7orld t%at %ave piloted ,uc%
an array o$ interrelated di,a,ter ri,8 mana4ement activitie,L
&evie7in4 t%e t%ree evaluation objective, one by one, our conclu,ion,
are:
C- 8oncerning the eectiveness o! pro2ect activities in contribution to key
ob2ectives o! the pro2ect#
2*
'ery ,ati,$actory concernin4 t%e ,tren4t%enin4 o$ EM3, Sli4%tly: ,ati,$actory
in term, o$ t%e development o$ t%e /PPP, very ,ati,$actory in term, o$ t%e
SC&M3P, 7%ile $urt%er policy %armoniIation and coordination o$ policy
implementation remain 7or8 in pro4re,,M un,ati,$actory concernin4 t%e
partner,%ip buildin4 ,trate4y, t%e 4ender main,treamin4 ,trate4y, and ,till
7it% ,everal major c%allen4e, concernin4 t%e a7arene,, rai,in4 and
education component, -iLeL, t%e 8no7led4e mana4ement ,trate4y.L Stron4er
,upport $rom t%e )/P country team, bein4 t%e reco4niIed international
Spioneer and c%ampion: o$ /&M in Mon4olia, mo,t notably to ,tren4t%en
policy advocacy, could %ave increa,ed t%e policy eEectivene,, in particularL
=-8oncerning the impact and sustainability o! pro2ect activities on the target
communities" in particular" the level o! bene)ciary participation in pro2ect
activities#
Sati,$actory overall, alt%ou4% it i, imperative to reQect on t%e direction in
7%ic% t%e ,el$-%elp 4roup, and %erder 4roup, are currently evolvin4 and 7%at
t%i, mean, $or development a4enda, t%at $ocu, on ,tren4t%enin4 civil
,ociety, related to di,a,ter ri,8 mana4ement and beyondL 6t ,eem, more
t%an time to ,%are e0perience, and per%ap, join $orce, 7it% ot%er donor
,upported initiative, t%at %ave e,tabli,%ed and ,upported community
4roup,, mo,t notably t%e FreenFold Spro4ram: ,upported by S/C and t%e Co-
mana4ement o$ natural re,ource, Spro4ram: ,upported by 6/&CL
D-8oncerning the eectiveness o! pro2ect management" particularly
concerning partners; capacity o! coordination" monitoring" planning"
reporting" learning and resource management#
Sati,$actory overall, alt%ou4% more co%erent ,trate4ie, about or4aniIational
development -EM3, council,, community 4roup,. could %ave %elped project
intervention,, ,uc% a, a,,e,,ment ,tudie,, tec%nical ,upport, monitorin4 and
evaluation, and capacity development, to be even more eEective and
eOcientL Gerder 4roup,, ,el$-%elp 4roup, and council, %ave come a very lon4
7ay to become eEective local in,titutional ,tructure,L 3 better-de,i4ned
communication and di,,emination -8no7led4e mana4ement. ,trate4y, ba,ed
25
on more input, $rom end-u,er, o$ 8no7led4e product,, could %ave made t%e
project and it, ac%ievement muc% better 8no7n in Mon4olia and po,,ibly
abroad, a, a pioneer o$ innovative ?/&M plu, CC3? policy development and
implementationL
6ntroducin4, te,tin4, main,treamin4 and in,titutionaliIin4 di,a,ter ri,8
mana4ement and climate c%an4e adaptation repre,ent a lon4-term a4endaL
3lt%ou4% t%ree project p%a,e, -2002-2011. %ave led to very 4ood pro4re,,,
,everal ta,8, and muc% more learnin4 by doin4, remain to be doneL <uture
ta,8, include: a. /&M and CC3 policy reNnement and %armoniIation,
updatin4, and implementationM b. development o$ a co%erent national policy
concernin4 t%e role o$ civil ,ociety in t%e $or Mon4olia intimately inter-related
domain, o$ di,a,ter ri,8 mana4ement, natural re,ource mana4ement, and
climate c%an4e adaptationM c. broadened interaction and cooperation at
national and international level,L 6n t%e vie7 o$ t%e evaluator,, climate
c%an4e adaptation i, a muc% policy and action broader domain t%an di,a,ter
ri,8 mana4ement, alt%ou4% t%e latter obviou,ly %a, climate c%an4e related
a,pect, and t%e,e could u,e$ully be covered under t%e /&M policy -a, 7a,
recommended by t%e June 2011 national con$erence participant,.L (%e CC3
Coordination OOce ,eem, t%e appropriate unit to coordinate t%e broader
CC3 a4endaL
6n term, o$ $uture development pro4rammin4 -includin4 project de,i4n
and e0ecution., t%e di,a,ter ri,8 mana4ement a4enda nece,,arily remain, a
7or8-in-pro4re,,L 6t could li8ely more eEectively be ,upported t%rou4% a
-)/P. development pro4ram in,tead o$ a ,in4le, very lar4e projectL 3
pro4ram could S%ou,e: ,everal, related project,, 7%ile eac% o$ t%e project,
could be relatively mode,t in ,cope, but ,%arply $ocu,edL Project, could be
e0ecuted by a4encie, t%at %ave a comparative advanta4e in a particular
domain under t%e 4uidance o$ an -)/P. e0pert ,upport teamL Suc% a
pro4ram could include one or more S,econd 4eneration: o$ ,mall 4rant
activitie, 7%ic% 7ould $ocu, on emer4in4 need, and intere,t, o$ community
21
4roup,, ,uc% a, mana4erial and entrepreneurial ,8ill,, e,tabli,%ment o$
rotatin4 $und,, and t%e development o$ %i4%-order or4aniIation,, ,uc% a,
sum level a,,ociation,L
&elevant to all o$ t%i,, i, a $undamental in,i4%t $rom in,titutional and
or4aniIational development e0perience: $unction ,%ould be deNned be$ore
,tructureL Policy development and reNnement, coordination, Nnancin4,
implementation, monitorin4 and evaluation, and en$orcement are dierent
$unction,, and are be,t treated a, ,uc%L /i,a,ter mana4ement include,
a,,e,,ment, early 7arnin4, 7eat%er $oreca,tin4, preparedne,, -in particular,
7inter preparation to avoid t%e di,a,trou, impact o$ dzud., miti4ation, early
recovery, lon4-term recovery, adaptation, and re,ilienceL (%i, repre,ent, a
$ull a4enda o$ 7or8 7%ic% one a4ency, 4overnment or non-4overnment, 7ill
never be able to deal 7it% =and, in t%e vie7 o$ t%e evaluator,, ,%ould not be
a,8ed to ta8e on solely on it, ,%oulder,L
Civil ,ociety i, becomin4 ,tron4er in Mon4olia and could be reDue,ted,
dele4ated and -more ,tron4ly. ,upported to ta8e on re,pon,ibility !or many
o$ t%e $unction, outlined above includin4 Nnancial mana4ementL (%i, could
be done in clo,e cooperation 7it% khoroo and sum 4overnment aut%oritie,,
7%ic% repre,ent t%e lo7e,t admini,trative level clo,e,t to Mon4olian citiIen,L
3, ,everal, 7%o %ave tried to innovate Mon4olian -rural. development %ave
pointed out -eL4L, <3O 2002, T8%anbai 2011., -$urt%er. ,tren4t%enin4 o$ local
in,titutional and or4aniIational ,tructure, and proce,,e, i, a lon4-term, but
nece,,ary proce,, $or buildin4 ,tron4er capacitie, o$ urban d7eller,, %erder,
and t%e country at lar4eL
22
89 LESSONS LEARNED AND RE)OMMENDATIONS
'essons learned
Disaster ris/ management can be ,een a, an important entry point $or
policie, and project,, but $or many urban citiIen, and $or all %erder,, t%eir
liveli%ood, depend $oremo,t on t%e ,ound mana4ement o$ t%e natural
re,ource ba,eL 3ctual practice o$ %o7 %erder 4roup, %ave been u,in4 mo,t o$
t%e ,mall 4rant, clearly demon,trate, t%i, principleL 6t ,eem, lo4ic t%at policy
development ,%ould mirror t%i, realityL 6t 7ill reDuire t%e -$urt%er.
%armoniIation o$ t%e di,a,ter ri,8 protection policy 7it% ot%er 8ey policie,,
,uc% t%o,e a, related to natural re,ource mana4ement, on paper, but above
all, in practiceL
(%e P%a,e # ,ucceeded to move t%e policy $ocu, $rom di,a,ter
mana4ement to di,a,ter risk mana4ement 7%ic% i, a very ,i4niNcant ,tep
$or7ardL )nder Objective 1!Outcome 1, very important ac%ievement, 7ere
obtained, ,uc% a, t%e ,tren4t%enin4 o$ EM3, t%e maturin4 and e0pan,ion in
number o$ council, and community 4roup,, and a7arene,, rai,in4 and
educationL (%ere %a, been minimal interaction 7it% and learnin4 $rom
initiative, t%at %ave -%ad. natural re,ource mana4ement a, entry pointL (%i,
al,o aEected t%e climate c%an4e adaptation 7or8 carried out under Objective
#!Outcome #L 6t i, a mi,,ed opportunity t%at could %ave led to u,e$ul
,yner4ie, in t%e $orm o$ a di,a,ter ri,8 protection policy better embedded in
people:, actual liveli%ood,L
Poli$y de(elopment i, in%erently a political proce,,L ovel and inter ,ector
policie, ta8e con,iderable time 4iven t%e many ,ta8e%older, involvedL
Project, t%at aim to ,upport policy development proce,,e,, ,uc% a, t%e )/P
P%a,e # project, could beneNt, bot% in term, o$ plannin4 and e0ecution, $rom
a ,%arp-er. identiNcation o$ 7%at 8ind o$ policy inQuence it aim, $or and %o7
t%i, could be realiIedL 3 u,e$ul typolo4y i,: i. e0pandin4 policy capacitie,
-individual and in,titutional.M ii. broadenin4 policy %oriIon, by brin4in4 ne7
idea,, u,e$ul in$ormation, and re,earc% re,ult,M iii. aEectin4 deci,ion re4ime,
2"
t%rou4% improved deliberation, and contentL P%a,e # ,et it, 4oal, very
%i4% tryin4 to cover all t%ree type, o$ policy inQuence de,cribed above at t%e
,ame time by buildin4 on t7o p%a,e, o$ preparatory 7or8 and a 7indo7 o$
opportunity perceived in 200" to develop a national di,a,ter ri,8
mana4ement policy and pro4ram o$ implementationL 6t %ad very 4ood re,ult,
in type 2, 4ood re,ult, in #, and mode,t re,ult, in 1L (%e very ambitiou,
a4enda to ac%ieve t%e t%ree type, o$ inQuence 7a, ba,ically in$ormed and
,upported t%rou4% a ,trate4y aimed at type 2L o clear and di,tinct
,trate4ie, 7ere de,i4ned $or ac%ievin4 type, 1 and 2L 6nternational
con,ultant, contributed in a major 7ay, 7%ic% proved u,e$ul but did not
directly let to increa,ed national capacitie,L 3, ob,erved by )/P ,taE, t%e
)/P team lac8ed lobbyin4 ,8ill, and manpo7erL
3 u,e$ul ,ource de,cribin4 t%i, typolo4y illu,trated 7it% ca,e, i,: <L
Carden, 200+L 7nowledge to policy# %aking the most o! development
research# Sa4e, e7 /el%iM 6nternational /evelopment &e,earc% Centre,
Otta7aL See:
%ttp:!!777LidrcLca!E!Pro4ram,!Evaluation!Pa4e,!6/&CBoo8/etail,La,p0;
Publication6/a20
Organi=ational de(elopment i, a never-endin4 proce,,, ta8in4 place in a
rapidly c%an4in4 7orldL <or or4aniIation, to acDuire relevance and maintain
or even e0pand it, continuou, ,trate4ic t%in8in4 and 7ell-de,i4ned and
e0ecuted operation, are crucialL Similar to t%e policy development eEort,,
P%a,e # deNned ambitiou, 4oal, concernin4 or4aniIational development o$
EM3 and it, branc%e, in )laanbaatar and aimags, t%e /&&P council, and
urban and rural community 4roup,L Food pro4re,, %a, been made a,
documented under Objective 1!Outcome 1 and Objective 2!Outcome 2L
EM3 %a, 4ro7n and appear, to be ready to ta8e on t%i, ta,8 on it, o7nL (%e
council, and community 4roup, are al,o on a pat% to ,el$-development, but
could beneNt $rom additional ,upport to deNne t%eir preci,e nature and
become $ully operational a4encie,L
2+
3 u,e$ul ,ource to 4uide t%i, proce,, i,: CL 5u,t%au,, MLGL 3drien, FL
3nder,on and <L Carden, 1+++L -nhancing organizational per!ormanceE a
tool-box !or sel!-assessment# 6nternational /evelopment &e,earc% Centre,
Otta7aL See:
%ttp:!!777LidrcLca!E!Pro4ram,!Evaluation!Pa4e,!6/&CBoo8/etail,La,p0;
Publication6/a#21
Partnership %.ilding i, ea,ier ,aid t%an done, in particular in t%e
Mon4olian environment 7%ic% i, tran,itionin4 $rom top-do7n deci,ion-ma8in4
to more mar8et-led operation, in t%e economic ,p%ere, and civil ,ociety
involvement in all domain, o$ li$eL Culture al,o play, a role, a, one t%e
intervie7ee, remar8ed: ?9e Mon4olian, are a people o$ individual player,L
9e do not 8no7 %o7 to play team ,port,L? <or partner,%ip, to bloom, t%e
$ollo7in4 are contributin4 element,: activitie, directly lin8ed to each party:,
a4enda -mi,,ion, ,trate4y, value,.M clearly deNned e0pected re,ult, leadin4
to tan4ible re,ult,M a clear divi,ion o$ role, and re,pon,ibilitie,M deci,ion-
ma8in4 accordin4 to mutually a4reed upon rule,M per,i,tence -do not 4ive up
a$ter one activity, or one $ailure.M Qe0ibilityM and 7illin4ne,, to learnL
/ynamic and eEective partner,%ip,, at national and international level,, are
e,,ential $or a modern or4aniIation to remain relevant, up-to-date and to
beneNt $rom tec%nical and Nnancial ,upportL P%a,e # e0perienced a number
o$ $ruit$ul ne7 partner,%ip, 7%ic% $acilitated t%e ac%ievement o$ 4ood
re,ult,, but al,o ,ome un$ulNlled or yet to be realiIed partner,%ip,L 6t i, to be
,een in 7%ic% direction EM3:, partner,%ip ,trate4y 7ill 4o 4iven t%e tepid
,tart-upL
3 u,e$ul ,ource 7it% e0ample, o$ capacity buildin4 $or partner,%ip i,:
/L Gorton et alL 200#L -valuating capacity developmentE experiences !rom
research and development around the world# 6nternational Service $or
34ricultural &e,earc%, (%e Ga4ueM 6nternational /evelopment &e,earc%
Centre, Otta7aM 3CP-E) (ec%nical Centre $or 34riculture and &ural
Cooperation, 9a4enin4enL See:
"0
%ttp:!!777LidrcLca!E!Pro4ram,!Evaluation!Pa4e,!6/&CBoo8/etail,La,p0;
Publication6/a2##
Small grants can be eEective mean, $or project devolution, capacity
buildin4 a, 7ell a, $or t%e realiIation o$ concrete, collectively planned and
e0ecuted activitie,L (%e mo,t eEective ,mall 4rant ,c%eme, are t%o,e t%at
addre,, real need,, avoid bein4 mere %and-out,, involve u,er,!beneNciarie,
$rom t%e be4innin4, contribute to a lon4er-term local development Splan,:
%ave a tran,parent mana4ement proce,,, and produce a balance o$
intan4ible -improved capacitie,, ,uc% a, plannin4, propo,al 7ritin4, boo8-
8eepin4, reportin4. and tan4ible re,ult,L Small 4rant, minimiIe ri,8, 7%ile
oEerin4 ,pace o$ tryin4 out ne7 t%in4,L (%e P%a,e # ,mall 4rant, component
played a very important role to put di,a,ter risk mana4ement in practice
amon4 vulnerable urban citiIen, and %erder,, increa,in4, in particular,
preparedne,,, a, 7ell a, miti4ation and to ,ome de4ree, re,ilienceL (%e 200+
dzud tau4%t a very %ard le,,on and ,eemed to %ave ,erved a, a 7a8e-up
callL (%e ,u,tainability o$ many o$ t%e ,mall 4rant initiative, and beneNt,
remain, to be ,eenL Muc% 7ill depend on t%e vitality o$ t%e local
or4aniIation, 7%ic% are no7 emer4in4, includin4 t%eir capacity to mobiliIe
$und, t%em,elve,L
E@e$ti(e $omm.ni$ation o* res.lts is not the same as eN$ient
dissemination o* o.tp.ts9 EEectivene,, o$ communication ultimately
depend, on t%e use o$ output,, ,uc% a, broc%ure,, po,ter,, manual,, boo8,,
video-clip, and Nlm,L 3lt%ou4% a con,iderable number o$ output, 7ere
produced and di,tributed by t%e project, it remain, uncertain in 7%at 7ay,
t%ey are bein4 u,edL 3 4eneral ,en,e obtained $rom t%e evaluation i, t%at
t%e project i, not 7ell 8no7n in Mon4olia -and abroad., and t%i, may be
partly due to a not ,o eEective communication ,trate4y 7%ic% 7a, ,%ared
7it% EM3L (%e project could %ave beneNtted $rom a met%odolo4y 8no7n a,
participatory communication development to increa,e t%e eEectivene,, o$ it,
outreac% eEort,L
"1
3 u,e$ul practitioner:, 4uide i,: FL Be,,ette, 200*L (nvolving the
communityE a guide to participatory development communication#
Sout%bound, Sin4aporeM 6nternational /evelopment &e,earc% Centre, Otta7aL
See:
%ttp:!!777LidrcLca!E!Pro4ram,!Evaluation!Pa4e,!6/&CBoo8/etail,La,p0;
Publication6/a20*
(ecommendations
Be$ore t%e end o$ P%a,e #:
/evelop and di,,eminate a co%erent ,erie, o$ ea,y to read!u,e learning
stories 7%ic% %i4%li4%t t%e many ac%ievement, o$ 10 year, o$ partner,%ip
buildin4 $or di,a,ter ri,8 mana4ement in Mon4olia ,upported by t%e )/P
and t%e Fovernment o$ 5u0embur4
E0c%an4e e0perience, and le,,on, learned about t%e $ormation o$
council, and community 4roup, in collaboration 7it%, $or e0ample, S/C,
6/&C, 9BM and e0plore t%e development o$ a common a4enda o$ activitie,
at t%e inter$ace o$ /&M, &M and CC3 to $urt%er ,upport t%e council, and
4roup,L
<or $uture initiative,:
Ba,ed on partial co-$undin4 by parta8in4 a4encie, and ad%erence to t%e
partner,%ip principle, outlined in t%e 5e,,on, learned ,ection above,
create opportunitie, $or t%e de,i4n and implementation o$ inter-agency
collaborative di,a,ter ri,8 mana4ement!natural re,ource
mana4ement!climate c%an4e adaptation policy implementation activitie,
under a common pro4ram $rame7or8L 34encie, could include 4overnment
and non-4overnment entitie,L
/e,i4n and implement more tailor-made di,a,ter ri,8 mana4ement
initiative, $or urban and rural ,ettin4, con,iderin4 diEerent environment,,
ri,8, and re,ource,L
"2
/e,i4n and implement a mode,t pilot initiative to brin4 t%e private ,ector
o$ Mon4olia on board o$ $uture pro4ram!project intervention, and
4enerate le,,on, $or a lar4er ,trate4yL
E0pand t%e ,et-up o$ electronic communication connection, $or %erder, in
remote and poorly ,erved!connected area, t%rou4% a variety o$ mean,
and u,e t%e ne7 connection, $or t7o-7ay communication e0c%an4e
related to di,a,ter ri,8 mana4ement!natural re,ource
mana4ement!climate c%an4e adaptationL
E0pand t%e localiIed 7eat%er $oreca,tin4!early 7arnin4 ,y,tem, pilot,
currently under7ay in collaboration 7it% 3MEM, &6MES and t%e FO
J3S65L
/i,,eminate t%e e0tremely valuable traditional 8no7led4e documented in
P%a,e # t%rou4% novel $orm, o$ learnin4 and action at local, provincial and
national level,L
),e %erder to %erder e0ten,ion and trainin4 $rom t%e very ,tart o$ ne7
intervention, ba,ed on a 7ell-de,i4ned capacity development ,trate4y
includin4 re4ular monitorin4 and evaluation o$ %o7 ne7 learnin4 i, put in
practice -outcome,. and to 7%at c%an4e, it i, contributin4 -impact.L
/evelop and e0ecute a participatory communication ,trate4y 7it%!$or 8ey
actor,: %erder,!%erder 4roup,M urban d7eller,!,el$-%elp 4roup,M tec%nical
-Neld. ,taE o$ 4overnment a4encie, and non-4overnment a4encie,M sum
4overnment ,taEL
E0plore lin8a4e, 7it% t%e %i4%er education ,y,tem to ,tren4t%en
intervention, 7it% re,earc% re,ult,, 7%ile oEerin4 c%ance, to t%e ne7
4eneration o$ pro$e,,ional, to learn about di,a,ter ri,8
mana4ement!climate c%an4e adaptation in practice, and develop ne7 and
in$u,e e0i,tin4 curriculum 7it% 4rounded e0perience,L
"#
Stren4t%en t%e 4ender analy,i,, and monitorin4 and evaluation capacitie,
o$ all individual, and a4encie, directly involved in $uture pro4ram!project
intervention,L
"*
Re*eren$es
Be,,ette, FL 200*L (nvolving the communityE a guide to participatory
development communication# Sout%bound, Sin4aporeM 6nternational
/evelopment &e,earc% Centre, Otta7aL
Carden, <L 200+L 7nowledge to policy# %aking the most o! development
research# Sa4e, e7 /el%iM 6nternational /evelopment &e,earc% Centre,
Otta7aL
<ood and 34riculture Or4aniIationL 2002L Ca,e ,tudy: 6n,titutionaliIin4
pa,toral ri,8 mana4ement in Mon4olia: le,,on, learned -prepared by JL JL
S7i$t.L <3O, &omeL
Fovernment o$ Mon4olia and )nited ation,L 2011L )nited ation,
/evelopment 3,,i,tance <rame7or8 2012-2011L )laanbaatarL
Gorton, /LM 3L 3le0a8iM SL Bennett-5arteyM >LL Brice, /L CampilanM <L CardenM
JL de SouIa SilvaM 5e (%an% /uon4M 6L >%adarM 3L Mae,trey BoIaM 6L >aye,
MuniruIIamenM JL PereIM ML Somarriba C%an4M &L 'ernooy, and JL 9att,L
200#L -valuating capacity developmentE experiences !rom research and
development around the world# 6nternational Service $or 34ricultural
&e,earc%, (%e Ga4ueM 6nternational /evelopment &e,earc% Centre, Otta7aM
3CP-E) (ec%nical Centre $or 34riculture and &ural Cooperation,
9a4enin4enL
5u,t%au,, CLM MLGL 3drienM FL 3nder,onM and <L Carden, 1+++L -nhancing
organizational per!ormanceE a tool-box !or sel!-assessment# 6nternational
/evelopment &e,earc% Centre, Otta7a
Gorton, /LM 3L 3le0a8iM SL Bennett-5arteyM >LL Brice, /L CampilanM <L CardenM
JL de SouIa SilvaM 5e (%an% /uon4M 6L >%adarM 3L Mae,trey BoIaM 6L >aye,
MuniruIIamenM JL PereIM ML Somarriba C%an4M &L 'ernooy, and JL 9att,L
200#L -valuating capacity developmentE experiences !rom research and
development around the world# 6nternational Service $or 34ricultural
&e,earc%, (%e Ga4ue, 6nternational /evelopment &e,earc% Centre, Otta7a,
3CP-E) (ec%nical Centre $or 34riculture and &ural Cooperation,
9a4enin4enL
Patton, ML@L 1++2L /tilization-!ocused evaluation# The new century text# Sa4e
Publication,, (%ou,and Oa8,, 5ondon, e7 /el%iL
)nited ation, /evelopment Pro4ram and ational Emer4ency Mana4ement
34ency, 2010L /Iud national report 200+-2010: report o$ t%e ,tudyL )/P
and EM3, )laanbaatarL
)nited ation, Mon4olia Country (eam -2010. Mon4olia: /Iud 3ppealL )nited
ation,, )laanbaatarL
"5
T8%anbai, GL -edL. 2011L 8ommunity-based co-management o! natural
resources in %ongoliaE ten years o! experience# 3dmon Publi,%in4 Gou,e,
)laanbaatarL
A%o.t the e(al.ators
Ronnie Vernooy i, a rural development ,ociolo4i,t 7it% a particular intere,t
in a4ricultural biodiver,ity and natural re,ource mana4ementL Ge obtained
%i, P%/ $rom 9a4enin4en 34ricultural )niver,ity, t%e et%erland,L Ge %a,
more t%an 25 year, o$ e0perience in mana4in4 and conductin4 participatory
re,earc% and development initiative, -includin4 monitorin4 and evaluation.
in a number o$ countrie, around t%e 7orldL Ge 7a, a ,enior pro4ram
,peciali,t at t%e 6nternational /evelopment &e,earc% Centre, Canada, $rom
1++2 until 2010L Ge %a, been involved 7it% Mon4olia:, rural development
,ince 2000, in particular to introduce, te,t, and in,titutionaliIe t%e co-
mana4ement o$ natural re,ource,L Ge %a, aut%ored and co-aut%ored ,everal
publication, about t%i, e0perienceL
T.m.r Erdene$h.l..n i, an a4ricultural economi,t, 4raduated $rom
Mon4olian State )niver,ity o$ 34riculture -MS)3.L Ge %a, 4ot %i, Nr,t ma,ter
de4ree in 34ricultural Economic, $rom t%e ,ame univer,ityL Ge obtained a
,econd MSc de4ree in 34ricultural Economic, and Mana4ement
$rom 9a4enin4en )niver,ity in t%e et%erland,L <or t%e la,t 15 year, %e %a,
been 7or8in4 a, a lecturer, re,earc%er and national con,ultant $or MS)3,
national and international project,L Ge 7a, a tec%nical advi,or $or t%e
pa,ture co-mana4ement 4roup o$ t%e Freen Fold Pa,ture Eco,y,tem
Mana4ement project, $unded by t%e S7i,, 34ency $or /evelopment and
Cooperation in Mon4oliaL Gi, re,earc% $ocu,e, on rural and a4ricultural
development, includin4 %erder:, liveli%ood,, ri,8 mana4ement and pa,ture
land mana4ementL Currently, %e i, a completin4 %i, P%/ ,tudie, at t%e
9a4enin4en )niver,ity about a compari,on o$ in,titutional de,i4n, $or
pa,ture mana4ement in t%ree di,tinct eco,y,tem, in Mon4oliaL
"1