INTRODUCTION

With advancement of technology things are becoming simpler and easier for us.
Automation is the use of control systems and information technologies to reduce the need for
human work in the production of goods and services. In the scope of industrialization,
automation is a step beyond mechanization. Whereas mechanization provided human operators
with machinery to assist them with the muscular requirements of work, automation greatly
decreases the need for human sensory and mental requirements as well. Automation plays an
increasingly important role in the world economy and in daily experience.
Automatic systems are being preferred over manual system. hrough this pro!ect we have
tried to show automatic control of a house as a result of which power is saved to some extent.
"peration, control and protection system can be implemented to cover various industries
starting from small scale industries to wide area operation and controlling. #ower $ontrol
operation with %upervisory $ontrol &ata Acquisition '%$A&A( %ystem is mandatory to run
smooth heater control in industries. )igh scale %$A&A system with enhanced features not only
used for wide area system operation, but also covers &istribution *anagement %ystem '&*%(,
+nergy *anagement %ystem '+*%(, various ,etwork Applications and *etering *anagement
systems. his implementation includes power management for such industries using #-$ and
%$A&A system. $ontrol algorithm measures critical parameters and ad!ust variable outputs to
optimize power by turning ",."// the heater with improved performance. /urther electricity
cost further reduces by around 01. #-$ and %$A&A is used to model and realize the complete
system and perform the experiment for result analysis.
BASIC IDEA
he basic idea behind the power management pro!ect is to manage the power in various loads
.hese loads are models for the different areas of the city. If the load in any area increases then
there is every chance that the power station may trip. )ence to avoid this from happening we
have proposed a hardware based circuit. When any one load increases then one of the load that is
connected out of many is disconnected.
he priority of disconnecting is variable and can be changed from time to time. he current
requirement of different load is different as the time varies. )ence according to that changing
priority we can assign different priority to different load. When the current in any one load
increases then the total load on the generation process increases. he excess load may cause the
power plant to trip. he cost involved for restarting a power plant is much more. %o when the
load increases it is advisable to disconnect any one of the loads that are connected. his process
is implemented in an automatic way in POWER MANAGEMENT pro!ect.
he process of disconnecting the loads is based on the priority that is provided by the computer.
he priority of disconnecting the loads can be changed at any point. We use computer for
assigning the priorities, a hardware circuit for disconnecting the load in a particular sequence
with the help of relay logic .he detailed explanation of each block is provided in the sections to
follow.
+nergy %aving is an important constraint in the design of induction heater in the industrial
revolution. We are using )ardware and #-$ ladder logic for optimization energy. We are
adopting this technique in order to reach strong conclusion about their actual impact on the
power consumption.
&ynamic power management2which refers to selective shutoff or shut2down of systems
components that are idle or underutilized2has proven to be a particularly effective technique for
reducing power dissipation in such systems. Incorporating a dynamic power management
scheme in the design of an already2complex system is difficult process that may require many
designs.
/inally we compare the power consumed by all heater when shut on simultaneously and when
shut on at different time sharing mode for the same purpose .
#ower management is also one of the important constraints for industry. his can also be
possible by managing the power of various loads. When any one load increases then one of the
loads that is connected out of many is disconnected, in this priorities is assigned to various loads
and with the help of hardware and relay logic we will try to manage the load automatically.
he priority of disconnecting is variable and can be changed from time to time. he current
requirement of different load is different as the time varies. )ence according to that changing
priority we can assign different priority to different load.
When the current in any one load increases then the total load on the generation process
increases. he excess load may cause the power plant to trip. he cost involved for restarting a
power plant is much more. %o when the load increases it is advisable to disconnect any one of
the loads that are connected. his process can be implemented in an automatic in this kind of
pro!ect.
NEED OF PROJECT
+arlier, we looked into the face of future when we talked about automated devices, which could
do anything on instigation of a controller, but today it has become a reality.
a( An automated device can replace good amount of human working force, moreover humans are
more prone to errors and in intensive conditions the probability of error increases whereas, an
automated device can work with diligence, versatility and with almost zero error.
3eplacing human operators in tasks that involve hard physical or monotonous work.
3eplacing humans in tasks done in dangerous environments 'i.e. fire, space, volcanoes, nuclear
facilities, underwater, etc(
#erforming tasks that are beyond human capabilities of size, weight, speed, endurance, etc.
+conomy improvement. Automation may improve in economy of enterprises, society or most of
humankind. /or example, when an enterprise that has invested in automation technology
recovers its investment, or when a state or country increases its income due to automation like
4ermany or 5apan in the 67th $entury.
b( his is why this pro!ect looks into construction and implementation of a system involving
hardware to control a variety of electrical and electronics system.
LITERATURE SURVEY
he first machines to be operated by remote control were used mainly for military purposes.
3adio2controlled motorboats, developed by the 4erman navy, were used to ram enemy ships in
World War I. 3adio controlled bombs and other remote control weapons were used in World War
II. "nce the wars were over, 8nited %tates scientists experimented to find non2military uses for
the remote control. In the late 9:;7<s automatic garage door openers were invented, and in the
9:07<s the first = remote controls were used. >enith began playing around with the idea of a
= 3emote control in the early 9:07<s. hey developed one in 9:06 called ?-azy @ones,A which
was a long cable that was attached to the = %et. #ushing buttons on the remote activated a
motor that would rotate the tuner in the set. his type of remote wasn<t popular for long
considering that, at the time, there were very few channels to choose from.
In 9:00, the /lashomatic was invented. A flashlight was shined toward light sensitive cells in
each of the four corners of the =. +ach corner had different function. hey turned the = on
and off, changed the channel, and controlled the volume. )owever, people often forgot which
corner of the = operated which control. Also, if the set was in sunlight, the sun<s rays would
affect the operations of the =. In 9:0B a group of engineers developed the >enith ?%pace
$ommand,A
a wireless remote control using ultrasonic waves. he problem with the ultrasonic control was
that clinking metal, such as dog tags, could affect the = set. )igh frequencies sometimes also
made dog bark. he ultrasonic remote was used for two decades until engineers discovered a
better way to operate =<s, the infrared remote control. "n the infrared control, each button has
it<s own command, and is sent to the = set in a series of signals. here is a digital code for each
button, and in the = there is a tiny sensor called a photo detector that identifies the infrared
beam, and translates the code into a command. *anufacturers used to only make remote controls
that operated one = set. )owever, they<ve recently begun making universal remote controls that
can operate any = set. +xpert predicts that someday remote controls will control almost every
device in the home. 3.$. 4oertz developed a mechanical manipulator in 9:;C to aid in
radioactive lab work. 4oertz gave the machine mechanically and geometrically similar ?masterA
and ?slaveA parts. he master was the part of the machine the 4oertz controlled, and used to send
the slave commands. he slave followed the master<s movements exactly. In 9:0; an electric
machine was made to replace 4oertz<s machine, which was operated by cables. %ince<0; better
design has been developed, but the electric manipulator remains relatively unchanged to this day.
BASIC BLOC DIAGRAM
PROJECT OBJECTIVE
he ob!ective of this pro!ect is to develop a device that can automatically regulate power surge in
the home and allow its users to remotely control and monitor multiple home appliances using a
cellular phone. his system is a powerful and flexible tool that will offer this service at any time,
and from anywhere with the constraints of the technologies being applied. #ossible target
appliances include 'but are not limited to( control system, security systems, lightsD anything with
an electrical interface.
he proposed approach for designing this system is to implement a %$A&A2based control
module that receives its instructions and command from a Industries.home to the %$A&A system
software.
o co2ordinate appliances and other devices through %$A&A system.
o effectively receive and transmit data
o eliminate the need of being physically present in any location for tasks involving the
operation of appliances within a household.office.
*inimize power and time wastage
SOFTWARE
+mbedded systems programming is different from developing applications on a desktop
computers. Eey characteristics of an embedded system, when compared to #$s, are as followsF
G +mbedded devices have resource constraints'limited 3"*, limited 3A*, limited stack
space, less processing power(
G $omponents used in embedded system and #$s are differentD embedded systems typically
uses smaller, less power consuming components. G +mbedded systems are more tied to the
hardware.
wo salient features of Eme!!e! Pro"ramm#$" are code speed and code size. $ode speed is
governed by the processing power, timing constraints, whereas code size is governed by
available program memory and use of programming language. 4oal of embedded system
programming is to get maximum features in minimum space and minimum time.
he use of $ language to program microcontrollers is becoming too common. And most of the
time its not easy to buld an application in assembly which instead you can make easily in $. %o
Its important that you know $ language for microcontroller which is commonly known as
+mbedded $. As we are going to use Eeil $09 $ompiler, hence we also call it Eeil $.
MONITORING AND CONTROL PC SIDE
=@.,et is a simple, modern, ob!ect2oriented computer programming language developed by
*icrosoft to combine the power of .,+ /ramework and the common language runtime with the
productivity benefits that are the hallmark of =isual @asic.
his tutorial will teach you basic =@.,et programming and will also take you through various
advanced concepts related to =@.,et programming language.
ItHs a computer programming system developed and owned by *icrosoft. =isual @asic was
originally created to make it easier to write programs for the Windows computer operating
system. he basis of =isual @asic is an earlier programming language called @A%I$ that was
invented by &artmouth $ollege professors 5ohn Eemeny and homas Eurtz. =isual @asic is
often referred to using !ust the initials, =@. =isual @asic is easily the most widely used computer
programming system in the history of software.
%$A&A stands for %upervisory $ontrol and &ata Acquisition. As the name indicates, it is not a
full control system, but rather focuses on the supervisory level . It is used to monitor and control
plant or equipment. he control may be automatic or initiated by operator commands. he data
acquisition is accomplished firstly by the 38<s scanning the field inputs connected to the 38
'it may be also called a #-$ I programmable logic controller.(. his is usually at a fast rate. he
central host will scan the #8<s 'usually at a slower rate(. he data is processed to detect alarm
conditions, and if an alarm is present, it will be displayed on special alarm lists.
%ARDWARE
%$A&A unit
#eripheral interface control '#.I.$( unit
&river unit.
#ower surge monitoring and control unit , 'A=3(
E&PECTED RESULT
In this study, an appropriate #rogrammable -ogic $ontrol '#-$( ladder diagram for a heater
system was created. Additionally, appropriate %$A&A software with the program to control and
monitor the system from a central point was realized. he messaging between the analogous and
digital data, %$A&A and #-$ was achieved successfully. he most important aspect of any
industry is the heater control. %everal techniques can be implemented to control the heater in
power plant. he method that has to be used relies on varied ob!ectives like superior quality,
increased efficiency, high profit and mainly power management. With the prime ob!ective of
catering to these necessities and the needs of the industrial sector, significance has been given
here to automation. he paper presented here has kept in mind, the ceaseless changes that are
relentlessly taking place in the contemporary scenario of the industrial segment. +mphasis has
been given to the automation process that is now rapidly taking its place in all the power plants
across the globe. he #aper has furnished itself to study the integral parts of the entire process
involved, their implementation and the problems that may show up have also been given their
due importance.
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