Plane Geometry

1. In the triangle ABC, BF and CE are perpendicular to AC and AB respectively. D and G are
the midpoints of EF and BC respectively. Prove that GD is perpendicular to EF.
2.
In the diagram, XTPY is a tangent to 2 circles at P and ABTC is a tangent to the circle of
centre O at C.
The line AP is a chord of one circle and produced to meet the other circle at Q. Explain
why a circle passes through O, C, T and P.
3.
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line PQ is drawn through the vertex A of triangle ABC such that BP and CQ are
perpendicular to PQ. If M is the midpoint of BC and MR is perpendicular to PQ, prove that
MP ! MQ.
".
In the trape#ium ABCD, AD is parallel to BC, BC ! 3AD and the diagonals AC and BD
meet at E. The line through A is drawn parallel to DB to meet the extended line of CB at
F. Prove that
$a% FB ! AD, and
$&% EC ! 3AE.
'. The diagonals of cyclic (uadrilateral PQRS intersect at U. The circle)s tangent at R meets
PS produced at T. If QR ! SR, prove that
$i% *PSU and *PTR are similar,
$ii% ST + PT ! RT
2
, and
$iii% PR + ST
2
! UR + RT
2
.
~End~
Please check your workings clearly!
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1. draw a perpendicular line from , to -E and la&el it as .
draw a perpendicular line from , to /0 and la&el it as I
1ote that &y similar triangles $or &y intercept theorem%,
0onsidering triangles .-, and E-0
&ecause -, ! 2-0,
E. ! 2-E
., ! 2E0
0onsidering triangles ,I0 and -/0
&ecause -, ! 2-0,
/I ! 2/0
,I ! 2-/
Thus,
E,3 ! E.3 4 .,3
! 5-E3 4 5E03
! 5-03
,/3 ! ,I3 4 /I3
! 5-/3 4 50/3
! 5-03
! E,3
Thus, ,/ ! E,
6ince ,/ ! E,, and E7 ! 7/, then ,E/ is an isosceles triangle where ,7 is
perpendicular to E/.
2. 8et angle 09P ! 2x
.ence angle 0:P!x $angle at centre ! 2 angle at circumference%
angle P0- ! angle 0:P !x $alt. segment theorem%
lso, angle 0PT! angle 0:P!x $alt. segment theorem%
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.ence, angle 0TP! 1;< = 2x $sum of angles in triangle%
6ince angle 09P 4 angle 0TP ! 1;<, (uadrilateral 0TP9 is a cyclic (uad, at which a
circle will pass through all of the points. $shown%
3. >e can draw an auxiliary line $in red% to help us see easier.
7raw it such that 0. is perpendicular to ?@ and 0, perpendicular to -P
$1oteA -P is parallel to ?@ and parallel to 0: since all are perpendicular to P:%
>e can see that triangle -0, and ?0. are similar, with -? ! ?0
.ence, &y intercept theorem, ,. ! .0.
6ince P,.@ and @.0: are rectangles, P@ ! ,. ! .0 ! @:
P@ ! @:.
6ince P@ ! @: and ?@ is perpendicular to P:, then triangle ?P: is isosceles.
.ence, ?P ! ?:. $shown%
". $a% 6ince / is parallel to -7, and 7 is parallel to -0 $&ecause / is an extension of
-0, hence maBing &oth /- and /0 also parallel to 7 %, 7-/ must &e a
parallelogram, with /- ! 7.
$Extra notesA The opposite sides of a parallelogram are always of e(ual lengths.%
$&% 6ince -0 ! 37, and 7 is parallel to -0, triangle E7 and triangle -E0 must &e
similar triangles. s triangle E7 and triangle -E0 are similar triangles, all sides of
triangle -E0 must &e 3 times the similar sides of triangle E7, hence E0 ! 3E.
'. $i% angle @6: ! angle 6:@ $isos%
angle 6:@ ! angle 6@T $alt. segment%
.ence angle @6: ! angle 6:@
!!C 6: is parallel to @T
!!C P6D and PT@ are similar triangles
$ii% Dsing intercept theorem,
D@ E P@ ! 6T E PT
D@ E P@ ! 6T
2
E $PT%$6T%
Dsing tangent secant theorem,
6T + PT ! @T
2
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$iii% .ence,
D@ E P@ ! 6T
2
E @T
2
P@ + 6T
2
! D@ + @T
2
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