BRICKS BEADS AND BONES

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (TEXT BOOK)

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LIST THE MATERIAL USED FOR MAKING BEADS IN THE

HARAPPAN CIVILIZATION. DESCRIBE THE PROCESS BY WHICH
ANY ONE KIND OF BEAD IS MADE.
A variety of material was used to make beads
Stones like carnelian, jasper, crystal, quartz, and steatite.
Metals like copper ,bronze , gold
Shell fianc terracotta and burnt clay

Process of bead making

Techniques of making beads differed according to the material.
Steatite, a very soft stone, was easily worked with.
Some beads were moulded out of a paste made with steatite
powder. This helped in making a variety of shapes, unlike
geometrical shapes made of harder stones.
Colour of carnelian was obtained by firing the yellowish raw
material and beads at every stages of production
Nodules were chipped into rough shapes, and then flaked into
final forms.
Grinding polishing and drilling completed the process.

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS)

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DESCRIBE SOME OF THE DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF
MOHENJODARO
1 Mohenjodaro is one of the most well-known among the urban
settlements of Harappa.
2 The settlement is divided into two parts or sections. One of the
parts smaller but higher and is called the CITADEL. The other
one is larger but is lower, which is known as LOWER TOWN.
3 THE CITADEL
i A raised mud brick platform on which buildings were
constructed.
ii The Citadel was physically separated from the lower town with
the help of a wall built around it. This restricted the
construction area. The bricks used were immensely uniform in
size and were of a standardized ratio.
iii The structures found here were usually public places.
I The warehouse was a massive structure of which only the lower
v brick portion remains. The upper part was probably made of
wood which must have decomposed.
V The Great Bath: A large rectangular tank, in a courtyard which
was surrounded by corridors on all four sides. There were two
flights of steps on the north and the south leading to tanks
which were made water tight by setting bricks gypsum and

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mortar on the sides. There were rooms on three sides in one of

which was a large well. Water from the tank flowed into a huge
drain. Across a lane in the north was a building with eight
bathrooms, four on each side of the corridor
This massive structure was probably constructed for a ritual
bath.
THE LOWER TOWN was also walled. Buildings were constructed
on raised platform which served as foundation.
All building activities were restricted to the platform area.
The lower town was mainly a residential area. It had granary.
INDICATION OF TOWN PLANNING is evident when we find
backed or sun dried bricks of standardized ratio.
Carefully planned DRAINAGE SYSTEM.
Drains were built before constructing the houses which
indicates planning.
The house drains emptied itself to the street drains
DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE
Residential construction was mainly centred around a courtyard
to ensure privacy
There were no windows along the wall at the ground level.
The main entrance never gave a direct view of the interior of
the house or the courtyard.
Bathrooms were paved with bricks and drains were connected
through the wall to the street drain
Some houses had staircases to reach the second story or the
terrace.
There are about seven hundred wells found in Mohenjodaro.