This document contains information about a paper exam consisting of 3 sections. Section A contains questions about enzyme reactions, plasma membranes, human circulatory systems, terrestrial ecosystems, and hormone regulation. Section B requires answering one long-form question about muscle cell processes, respiratory system adaptations, or coordination systems. Section C requires answering one long-form genetics question about Mendelian inheritance or a mouse population control experiment. The document includes diagrams to accompany some questions.
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This document contains information about a paper exam consisting of 3 sections. Section A contains questions about enzyme reactions, plasma membranes, human circulatory systems, terrestrial ecosystems, and hormone regulation. Section B requires answering one long-form question about muscle cell processes, respiratory system adaptations, or coordination systems. Section C requires answering one long-form genetics question about Mendelian inheritance or a mouse population control experiment. The document includes diagrams to accompany some questions.
This document contains information about a paper exam consisting of 3 sections. Section A contains questions about enzyme reactions, plasma membranes, human circulatory systems, terrestrial ecosystems, and hormone regulation. Section B requires answering one long-form question about muscle cell processes, respiratory system adaptations, or coordination systems. Section C requires answering one long-form genetics question about Mendelian inheritance or a mouse population control experiment. The document includes diagrams to accompany some questions.
Section A [6O marhsl Answer all qu.estions in this section. Figure 1(a) shows a reaction catalysed by lipase. (a) (i) (ii) Figure 1(a) Label P, Q, R and S in Figure 1(a). State two characteristics of P. 14 marksl 1 [2 marks] (b) (i) State the principle of exzymic reaction as shown in Figure 1(a). IL markj (ii) What can you deduce about the enzyme lipase based on Figure L(a)? IL marhl (c) Enz5rmes are used widely State one use of lipase in in industries. food industry. [1 markJ (d) The temperature at which a lipase reaction takes place is increased to more than 60"C. State the effect on the quantity of the product. Explain your enswer. (e) Figure (b) shows a box of washing powder. Brond X Washing powder with added eruzyme 0 ,," Figure 1(b) A housewife uses cold water to wash her clothes with brand X washing powder. The cleaning is less effective. Using the above information, explain why. [2 marksl 101 12 marksl 2 Figure 2 shows a fluid mosaic model of a plasma membrane. Figure 2 (a) Label any two structures J, K, L or M in Figure 2 using the following terms: Protein carrier Hydrophilic head Protein pore Hydrophobic tail Cholesterol (b) Molecules can pass through structure L in Figure 2 by facilitated diffusion. (i) State one characteristic of the molecule that can pass through structure L. (ii) Explain how molecules pass through structure L. [l marlzl [1 mark] tl r) 13 marhsl (c) State one characteristic of the plasma membrane based on the model in Figure 2. [1 markl (d) Using the mechanism of movement of a substance across the plasma membrane through osmosis: (i) Explain why food is preserved using concentrated sugar solution. lSmnrksl (ii) Sketch a diagram to show the movement of the substance that you have described in (dxi). [3 marks] Figure 3(a) shows the human circulatory system. Figure 3(a) 105 (a) circulations R and S. Describe each circulation. Name (i) R: Description: (ii) s: Description: 14 marlesl (b) On Figure 3, mark the following flow of blood to illustrate the circulations R and S. o Oxygenated blood with the arrow ( o Deoxygenated blood with the arrow (--------|) ll markl (c) The pacemaker of a patient's heart fails to function. An electronic pacemaker is used to replace the original pacemaker. Explain how the electronic pacemaker works. 13 marh,sl (d) Table 1 shows the volume of blood and the blood pressure in blood vessels X and Y. Blood vessel Volume /cm3 Pressure /kPa x 100 13.3 Y 300 0.3 Table 1 Based on Figure 3(a) and Table 1, what conclusion can you make about the rate of blood flow in the blood vessels X andY? I i l,i I 'i 'i (i) Explain your answer. [2marksl (ii) Explain how vigorous exercise increases the blood flow in the blood vessel X. 12marksl Figure 4 shows a terrestrial ecosystem. yl .reY Abiotic tr";;"# components: r.------:------ -r ljrotrc i-^-l . I Uecomposer ll I ComPonentS: L------:-------- Figure 4 109 (a) (b) Abiotic and biotic components influence the lives of organisms. Fill in the boxes in Figure 4 to show two more abiotic components and two more biotic components. 12 marksl On Figure 4, mark and label one example of the following organisms. (i) Producer (ii) Consumer (iii) Decom'oser IJ marksl Based on Figure 4, construct one food chain consisting of four trophic level. lst trophic______>2nd trophic ,3rd trophic th trophic level - level - level -level [2mnrks] (d) An organism in the 3rd trophic level in Figure 4 has decreased in number. (i) Based on the food chain you have constructed in (c), suggest a way to increase the numbers of this organism again. [lmark) (ii) Explain your suggestion in (dXi). (c) 'Ll ta [2 marksl (e) The organisms in the trophic level in Figure 4 absorbs 15 000 kJ solar energ"y. Energy loss at each trophic level is 90Vo. Calculate the total every transferred to the organisms in the 3rd trophic level. t2 mc.rhsT KJ 111 5 Figure 5 shows the regulation of specific hormones towards the development in the ovary. Pituitary gland Hormone X Hormone Y 12 L4 16 18 Rajah 5 22 24 26 28 (a) Based Hormo ne X: on Figure 5, name hormone X and state its role. isi"-@ @ # Pnmary follicle (b) Role: 12 rnarksl Explain how an imbalance of hormones P and Y causes the disruption of the ovulation process. 13 marksl (c) {i) (ii) In Figure 5, draw the change that occurs to structure T on the 26th day. tf markl Based of Figure 5, state the relationship between the changes in structure T and the level ofhormone Q from the 16th to the 26th day. 12marksl (d) Based on Figure 5, explain the importance of the pituitary gland in the menstrual cycle. 13 marksl Section B 120 marksl Answer any one questions frorn this section- (a) Figure 6 shows energ"y releasing process in a human muscle cell. ii il 1ili. Glucose ,.' ,: ,,.. \ .',^'ii' \ r1l'@ ilj \Procesb ]Q i*rjj !i| i! r\'1-S.\ I \\WJ. ,i ,iii j;, )r.t, ,/ "'i 2 ATP ... Explain how Figure 6 processes P and Q occur in hdman muscle cells. [4 marks] 115 An athlete has just completed a 400 metre track event. His leg muscles are painful due to muscle fatigue. The athlete then carries out the followi ng actions. o Wears a track suit . Takes a few long deeP breaths . Walks freely as a'cooling down'activity Explain why the athlete carries out these actions. 16 marhsl Human and fish respiratory systems are adapted Compare and explain the adaptions. to function in their respective habitats. ILO marhsl Figure 7(a) shows a reflex arc and Figure 7(b) shows the regulation of glucose in the blood. Both figures illustrate coordination systems in the human body. Blood glucose level normalises Figure 7(a) Glucose t Glycogerl From the heart I I Aorta I To the heart I Vena cava 1 <- Hepatic vein nieh r"uur ol blood Slucos{ Hepatic portal vein Mesenteric artery (ii) Figure 7(b) Describe the reflex action in Figure 7(a). Compare the coordination systems shown 117 in Figure 7(a) and 7(b). 14 marhsl 16 marksl High level of insulin (b) Figure 7(c) shows the organs and glands involved in regulating the human body temperature. Drop in environmental temperature- _ \ A student skates Based on Figure Adrenal Figure Z(c) on an ice skating rink. 7(c), explain how regulation of the student's body rtu ,,h) temperature occurs. -[10 marhsl Section C [20 marhsl Answer any orne questions from this section. Mendel's First Law: A characteristic of an organism is determined by a pair of genes located at the same locus of a pair of homologous chromosomes. Only one of the pair of genes can be present in a gamete. lllustrate the above statements using the following cross: Mice are pests to household properties and crops. An experiment to control mice population is conducted. In the experiment, a type of chemical, K which causes mutation to the mice is use. Discuss the control of mice population using the chemical K. [lO marksl l l fit l (. fi1 3 (a) (b) Hypothalamus Skin Parent Female Black mouse X Male Black mouse Il0 marks) 4 (a) Fieure 8(a) shows the different characteristics among members of a family. Based on Figure B(a), identi$r the different characteristics among the family members. Discuss how the difference in characteristics is inherited. ftO marh,sl (b) Fieure 8(b) shows a genetic pedigree of haemophilia in three generations. ffi Figure 8(a) XIIY XH)O Generation I Generation II Generation III Keys: h- Haemophilia allele Normal male Normal female Carrier female Haemophiliac female statements mentioned, based on Figure g(b). [1O marks] I kan ahl ! Uu"-ophiliac male o @ o Figure 8(b) 721 Haemophilia is a genetic disease that could be inherited and occurs within a specific gender. Inheritance of haemophilia can be prevented in a family. State your opinion and explain both the J