Trng i hc Bch Khoa H Ni

Vin in T Vin Thng

111

H Ni, 5-2014




1
Kin trc my tnh



Kin trc MultiProcessors

GVHD: Thy gio Nguyn Tin Dng
Vin in t Vin thng H BKHN

Nhm sinh vin:
Tng Thin V
Nguyn Vn T
Nguyn Kim Sn
Lp KSTN TVT k55
2
Ni dung trnh by

1. Tng quan
2. Multi processors
3. Thit k phn cng
4. Thit k phn mm
5. Nhn xt

3
1. Gii thiu chung
Single processor: h thng my tnh ch c duy
nht mt n v x l.
Multiprocessor:
h thng my tnh c nhiu n v x l.
Cc n v x l chia s b nh v cc thit b ngoi
vi
Multi-core processor:
l mt trng hp c bit ca multiprocessor.
Tt c cc processors u nm trong cng mt die
duy nht trn motherboard.
4 Kin trc multiprocessor 8/12/2014
1. Gii thiu chung
Kin trc tng
qut ca
Single-core
5 Kin trc multiprocessor 8/12/2014
1. Gii thiu chung
Kin trc tng qut ca multi-core processor
6 Kin trc multiprocessor 8/12/2014
2. Multi processor
2.1. Multi-core processor.
2.2. L do la chn multi-core
processor?
2.3. Cc m hnh b nh trong
multiprocessor
2.4. Cc xung t v cch khc
phc.
7 Kin trc multiprocessor 8/12/2014
2.1. Multi-core processors
8 Kin trc multiprocessor 8/12/2014
2.1. Multi-core processors
9 Kin trc multiprocessor 8/12/2014
2.2. Ti sao li la chn multi-core ?
Vi Single Core:
Kh khn trong vic tng tn s xung nhp ln
cao.
su pipeline cng ln dn n:
Nhit ta ra t b x l rt cao
Kh khn v tn km trong vic thit k v ch to
Nhu cu chy song song nhiu ng dng
Trong mi ng dng li c nhiu cng vic cn
c x l ng thi
10 Kin trc multiprocessor 8/12/2014
2.3. Cc m hnh b nh trong
multiprocessor
Cc n v x l s dng chung mt b nh.
11 Kin trc multiprocessor 8/12/2014
2.3. Cc m hnh b nh trong
multiprocessor
Mi mt n v x l s hu ring mt vng
nh v ni dng trong l c lp
12 Kin trc multiprocessor 8/12/2014
2.4. Xung t v cch khc phc
13 Kin trc multiprocessor

2.4.1. Cc vn xung
t
2.4.2. Gii php khc
phc
8/12/2014
2.4.1. Cc vn xung t
14 Kin trc multiprocessor
H thng private
caches
Lm th no d
liu trong cc caches
nht qun vi nhau?
8/12/2014
2.4.1. Cc vn xung t
15 Kin trc multiprocessor
Core 1 v
Core 2 c
gi tr x t
main
memory
8/12/2014
2.4.1. Cc vn xung t
16 Kin trc multiprocessor
Core 1 ghi gi
tr x mi vo
main memory.
Lc ny x c
gi tr 21660
trong main
memory
8/12/2014
2.4.1. Cc vn xung t
17 Kin trc multiprocessor
Tuy nhin lc
ny, gi tr x
trong core 2
vn l 15213
=> D liu
khng nht
qun trong
cc case v
main memory
8/12/2014
2.4.2. Gii php khc phc
18 Kin trc multiprocessor
Invalidation:
Khi mt core ghi d liu ln memory, th tt c cc
bn sao ca d liu ny trn cc caches khc s b
mt hiu lc.
Snooping:
Tt c cc core lin tc theo di, gim st (snoop)
ng bus kt ni gia cc core.
8/12/2014
2.4.2. Gii php khc phc
19 Kin trc multiprocessor
Core 1 ghi gi tr
mi ca x l
21660, ng
thi gi bn tin
invalidation ln
ng bus
8/12/2014
2.4.2. Gii php khc phc
20 Kin trc multiprocessor
Sau qu trnh
invalidation,
core1 v main
memory c gi
tr x mi l
21660, gi tr x
trong core 2 b
xa.
8/12/2014
2.4.2. Gii php khc phc
21 Kin trc multiprocessor
Phng php
thay th
invalidation
protocol l s
dng update
protocol
8/12/2014
3. Thit k phn cng
3.1. Gii thiu v FPGA.
3.2. Gii thiu v SOPC.
3.3. Kin trc NIOS II.
3.4. Thit k Multiprocessor.
3.4.1. Processor.
3.4.2. Memory.
3.4.3. Cc Module khc
22
3.1 Gii thiu v FPGA







Cng ngh FPGA (Field Programable Gate Array)
23
1. Cc khi logic
2. Cc lin kt kh trnh
3. Khi giao tip vo ra.
Cu trc bn trong
ca mt chip FPGA
3.1 Gii thiu v FPGA
24
KIT DE1 (Development Education)
Altera Corporation
3.2. Gii thiu v SOPC.








Mn hnh lm vic ca SOPC Builder
25
Mn hnh lm vic chnh
Component Library
Custom Sytem
Message Box
3.3. Gii thiu v NIOS II








Kin trc NIOS II
26
4.3. Thit k phn cng
NIOS II Processor.
CPU1
CPU2
Memory.
On Chip Memory
SDRAM Controller
Mutex.
Jtag-uart.
Performance counter
27
Multiprocessor
DualProcessor
Shared Resource
4.3. Thit k phn cng







S khi ca h thng
28
Processor 1 Processor 2
Shared
Memory
MUTEX
Qun l truy nhp
Shared Mem
Performance
Counter
Jtag-uart
In d liu ra
mn hnh
Console
4.3. Thit k phn cng







Cu hnh Nios II Processor
29
MultiProcessr
Chip Nios II/e
RISC 32 bit
600-700
logic block
3.3. Thit k phn cng







Onchip Memory
30
MultiProcessr
RAM
4Kbytes
Data width
32
3.3. Thit k phn cng
Mutex
Qun l truy nhp
Memory Shared
CPU no chim
c (LOCK)
Mutex th c
ghi vo Memory
Shared
31
MultiProcessr
3.3. Thit k phn cng
Performance
Counter Unit
o c thi gian
thc hin ca h
thng
Gm nhiu
counter ty chnh
ca ngi thit
k.
32
MultiProcessr
4. Thit k phn mm

4.1 NIOS 2 IDE
4.2 Cc th vin trong NIOS 2 IDE
4.3 So snh hiu sut 1 nhn vi 2 nhn
4.4 Nhn ma trn
4.5 Bin i DCT

33
4. Thit k phn mm
4.1 NIOS 2 IDE

34
S khi NIOS 2 IDE
4. Thit k phn mm
4.2 Cc th vin trong NIOS 2 IDE
Th vin chung: Math.h, Stdio.h
Cc th vin ring:
Io.h
System.h
Alt_types.h
altera_avalon_performance_counter.h
altera_avalon_mutex.h

35
4. Thit k phn mm
4.2 So snh hiu sut 1 nhn vi 2 nhn
tng c bn l thc hin chng trnh
prog_1 trn tng nhn 1 v thc hin song
song trn 2 nhn
Chng trnh s o thi gian thc hin trn 1
nhn v thc hin song song trn 2 nhn v
a ra kt qu so snh
36
4. Thit k phn mm
4.3 So snh hiu sut 1 nhn vi 2 nhn
Prog_1:
int prog_1 (int x, int y)
{
int result = 0;
int i;
for (i = x; i <= y; i++)
{
result = result + 2*i;
}
return result;
}
37
4. Thit k phn mm
38
Start
x = 100
y = 200
Reset flag = 0
CPU 0
Start
*Cpu0_start = 1
CPU 1
*Cpu1_start?
Start_mesuring
*Cpu0_start = 1
*s1 = (x+y)/2+1, *s2 = y
R0 = prog_1(x, (x+y)/2)
*Cpu1_done?
*Cpu0_start?
r1 = prog_1((x+y)/2, y)
*R1 = r1
*Cpu1_done = 1
End R = R0 + *R1
Stop_mesuring
End
Start
x = 100
y = 200
Start_mesuring
Result = prog_1(x,y)
Stop_mesuring
End
CPU 0
1 CPU 2 CPU
4. Thit k phn mm
4.3 So snh hiu sut 1 nhn vi 2 nhn
true result !!!
--Performance Counter Report--
Total Time: 0.0020119 seconds (100595 clock-cycles)
+---------------+-----+-----------+---------------+-----------+
| Section | % | Time (sec)| Time (clocks)|Occurrences|
+---------------+-----+-----------+---------------+-----------+
|one cpu | 61.5| 0.00124| 61842| 1|
+---------------+-----+-----------+---------------+-----------+
|two cpus | 38.3| 0.00077| 38481| 1|
+---------------+-----+-----------+---------------+-----------+
kt qu so snh hiu sut 1cpu vi 2cpus
39
4. Thit k phn mm
4.4 Nhn ma trn
i vi php nhn ma trn, do cc php tnh gi
tr tng s ca ma trn tch l c lp vi nhau
chia i khi lng tnh ton cho 2 cpu thc hin
cng 1 lc
40
Start
M1[10][10]
M2[10][10]
Reset flag = 0
CPU 0
Start
*Cpu0_start = 1
CPU 1
*Cpu1_start?
Start_mesuring
*Cpu0_start = 1
*m1 = M1, *m2 = M2
*Cpu1_done?
*Cpu0_start?
For (i = 5 to 9)
For(j = 0 to 9)
Tnh R1(i,j)
*r1=R1
*Cpu1_done = 1
End
For (i = 5 to 9)
For(j = 0 to 9)
R(i,j) = *r1(i,j)
Stop_mesuring
End
For (i = 0 to 4)
For(j = 0 to 9)
Tnh R(i,j)
Start
M1[10][10]
M2[10][10]
Start_mesuring
CPU 0
For (i = 0 to 9)
For(j = 0 to 9)
Tnh R(i,j)
Stop_mesuring
End
CPU 0 CPU 1
CPU 0
1 CPU 2 CPU
4. Thit k phn mm
4.4 Nhn ma trn

True Result !!!
--Performance Counter Report--
Total Time: 0.203229 seconds (10161455 clock-cycles)
+---------------+-----+-----------+---------------+-----------+
| Section | % | Time (sec)| Time (clocks)|Occurrences|
+---------------+-----+-----------+---------------+-----------+
|1cpu | 60.1| 0.12210| 6105144| 1|
+---------------+-----+-----------+---------------+-----------+
|2cpus | 39.9| 0.08112| 4056023| 1|
+---------------+-----+-----------+---------------+-----------+

kt qu so snh tnh ma trn thut ton song song
41
4. Thit k phn mm
4.4 Bin i Cosine ri rc

42
, =
() ()

(, )
( + )

( + )

=

4. Thit k phn mm
43
2 CPU lm vic cng
gii quyt bi ton DCT
4. Thit k phn mm
44
Qu trnh
chy Kt qu
So snh
hiu nng
5. Nhn xt
3 Bi ton chy thnh cng:
Tnh tng ca mt dy s.
Nhn 2 Ma trn.
Bin i Cosine ri rc DCT cho
mt khi d liu 8*8
Hiu nng ci thin ca mi bi
ton c trnh by chi tit
phn trn.
45
5. Nhn xt
Kt qu
Xy dng thnh cng kin trc
Multiprocessor (Harware - Sofware)
gm 2 Nios Processor
chy v so snh mi bi ton gia
2 kin trc Single Processor v
DualProcessor.
Gii quyt c cc vn lin
quan n xung t gia vic chia s
ti nguyn.
46
Kt thc

Cm n thy gio v cc bn lng nghe!
Demo trn KIT DE1 Altera
Q&A
47