Pathophysiology of Diabetes

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Precipitating Factor
Lifestyle
-Poor diet
-Sedentary lifestyle
-Poor hygiene
Obesity




Predisposing
factor
Heredity
Age

undergoing accelerated lipolysis,
generating free fatty acids
adipose tissue is metabolically active
stimulate glcose
production
Inhibiting muscle tissue
to take up glucose,
free fatty acids are toxic to the
beta cells of the pancreas
Elevated blood sugar
Increased tissue resistance
to insulin
impaired insulin
secretion
Glucose cannot enter target
cells and accumulates in the
bloodstream
glucose cannot be
used as energy, and
starts breaking
down protein from
the muscles as an
alternate source of
fuel.

The kidneys are also
working
Weight loss body cannot reabsorb all of
the sugar that is naturally
filtered through the kidneys
sugar is spilled in the urine.
Thirst & urinate frequently
Nerve damage
lose sensation in
parts of your feet
Blurred vision
No pain on
affected foot
Change the
shape and the
lens of the eye
Minor cut
on R foot


Worsen and
develop ulcer
Infection occurs
Gangren
e
BKA/AKA
Your nerves may not work as well as normal because even a slightly high blood sugar level can, over
time, damage some of your nerves. This is a complication of diabetes called peripheral neuropathy of
diabetes.

The nerves that take messages of sensation and pain from the feet are commonly affected. If you lose
sensation in parts of your feet, you may not know if you damage your feet. For example, if you tread on
something sharp or develop a blister due to a tight shoe. This means that you are also more prone to
problems such as minor cuts, bruises or blisters. Also, if you cannot feel pain so well from the foot, you
do not protect these small wounds by not walking on them. Therefore, they can quickly become worse
and develop into ulcers.

Development of arterial occlusion and thrombosis resulting in gangrene
As the blood sugar level goes up, the, and the sugar is spilled in the urine. This causes people who have
very high sugars to be very thirsty, and to have to urinate very frequently.



Fat can give you free fatty acids, and free fatty acids seem to be very toxic. They are
toxic to the beta cells of the pancreas, they are toxic to the liver, and they also tend
to cause insulin resistance and decrease glucose uptake by tissues that are
sensitive to insulin. Some of the therapies for diabetes are designed to reduce them
What happens? Fat cells produce cytokines, and the cytokines can affect the
adipocytes and the liver. Proinflammatory and proatherogenic mediators can be
secreted by these organs, which can lead to insulin resistance, which can ultimately
be associated with atherosclerosis. This, unfortunately, is the chain of events.

This usually happens because the blood vessels are being damaged by the excessive amounts of glucose
traveling the veins and arteries.
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contribution to insulin resistance by this active fat tissue.