Examining the principles of heat and mass transfer in

Natural drying of clothes

CONCLUSIONS
1. The mass transfer coefficient has no dependence on the colour of the fabric
unlike the heat transfer coefficient.
2. The lesser the relative humidity of the surroundings, the faster it helps in
drying the clothes.
3. With the increase in the temperature of the surroundings, the time taken for
the clothes to dry is considerably reduced.
4. The variation in the rate of drying is not appreciable due to the colour
change as the effect of radiation heat transfer can be neglected.
IMPROVEMENTS
1. This experiment can be extended to include forced convection as well.
2. Instead of just using constant rate of drying, falling rates can be
incorporated in the drying curve.
REFERENCES
1. http://nptel.ac.in/courses/103103032/22
2. http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/air-properties-d_156.html
3. Treybal, R. E.: Mass Transfer Operation. 2nd ed.,McGraw-Hill Book Co.,
1968
4. http://www.eattheweeds.com/how-ungreen-of-us-2/
5. http://www.conservationphysics.org/wetstuff/wetstuff01.php
6. http://www.kwangu.com/work/psychrometric.htm
MONISH BHANGALE (11110056) & ANOOP PINJALA (11110016)
AIM
The prime objective of this poster was to analyze the effect of
drying process at different temperatures varying the relative
humidity and the change in the value of the mass transfer
coefficient due the variation the relative humidity and also
effect of absorptivity of different colors on the rate of drying.
CALCULATIONS
Assumptions: Constant rate of drying and natural convection on a vertical surface.
Area and effective length of the fabric is 1.5m
2
and 0.71m respectively. The weight of
the dry fabric is 150 gm and it is assumed to be completely saturated with the liquid.
(assumed to be at wet bulb temperature).
Let the temperature of the surroundings be T
G
and the relative humidity of the air be x
%. These data can be accessed from the weather report of the area. Then the moisture
content of the air can be calculated, Y
S
. The temperature of the wet cloth would be
assumed to be equal to the wet bulb temperature of T
G
, i.e. T
S
. Moisture content at the
temperature T
S
is Y.
Amount of heat transferred, Q = heat due to convection + heat due to radiation.
Therefore, Q = h
C
A(T
G
-T
S
) + A(T
G
4
-T
S
4
).
Let h
R
= A(T
G
+T
S
) (T
G
2
+T
S
2
) and q= Q/A
q = (h
C
+ h
R
) (T
G
-T
S
). Also, let H = (h
C
+ h
R
)
q = H (T
G
-T
S
) (i)
The value of h
C
can be calculated using Dittus-Boelter/ Sieder-Tate relations by
computing the values of Reynolds number and Prandtl number of ambient air.
Rate of mass transfer, N
C
= K
Y
(Y
S
- Y) (ii)
Equating heat and mass transfer, from equations (i) and (ii), we have,
N
C
= q/ . Therefore,
K
Y
=
H(TGT
S
)
(YS Y)
.
Hence the mass transfer coefficient of the material can be found out.
For the calculation of h
C
, the following equation is used:
CL352 Chemical
Engineering Lab -3
Lab Instructors: Prof. Nitin Padhiyar
Weather conditions Time taken to dry in minutes Mass transfer coefficient (kg/m.s2) Heat transfer coefficient due to convection (W/m2.K)
Temp RH(%) Black Blue Red White Silver Black Blue Red White Silver Black Blue Red White Silver
25
40 20.02 20.02 20.03 20.03 20.03 0.821 0.821 0.820 0.820 0.820 0.0021 0.0010 0.0017 0.0007 0.0013
55 30.26 30.26 30.27 30.27 30.28 0.720 0.720 0.720 0.720 0.720 0.0024 0.0012 0.0020 0.0008 0.0016
70 52.80 52.81 52.83 52.84 52.85 0.617 0.617 0.617 0.617 0.617 0.0028 0.0013 0.0023 0.0010 0.0018
90 221.26 221.34 221.42 221.50 221.56 0.438 0.438 0.438 0.438 0.438 0.0033 0.0016 0.0027 0.0011 0.0021
35
40 15.33 15.34 15.34 15.35 15.35 0.582 0.582 0.582 0.581 0.581 0.0060 0.0029 0.0049 0.0021 0.0039
55 23.62 23.63 23.65 23.66 23.67 0.500 0.500 0.499 0.499 0.499 0.0069 0.0033 0.0057 0.0024 0.0045
70 41.87 41.90 41.92 41.95 41.97 0.419 0.419 0.419 0.419 0.418 0.0078 0.0038 0.0064 0.0027 0.0051
90 178.31 178.49 178.66 178.83 178.96 0.292 0.292 0.292 0.291 0.291 0.0091 0.0044 0.0075 0.0032 0.0059
45
40 12.19 12.20 12.21 12.22 12.23 0.405 0.405 0.405 0.404 0.404 0.0131 0.0063 0.0108 0.0046 0.0085
55 19.10 19.12 19.14 19.16 19.17 0.340 0.339 0.339 0.339 0.338 0.0151 0.0072 0.0124 0.0053 0.0098
70 34.27 34.32 34.36 34.41 34.44 0.280 0.279 0.279 0.279 0.278 0.0170 0.0082 0.0139 0.0059 0.0110
90 147.62 147.93 148.22 148.51 148.73 0.191 0.190 0.190 0.189 0.189 0.0195 0.0093 0.0160 0.0068 0.0126
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
0 1 2 3 4 5
M
A
S
S
T
R
A
N
S
F
E
R
C
O
E
F
F
I C
I E
N
T
RELATIVE HUMIDITY
1-40% 2-55% 3-70% 4-90%
VARI AT I ON OF MAS S T RANS F E R
COE F F I CI E NT F OR BL ACK WI T H CHANGE I N
RH
25C 35C 45C
Black
blue
red
White
Silver
0
5
10
15
20
25
1 2 3
T
I M
E
I N
M
I N
U
T
E
S
TEMPERATURE
1-25C 2-35C 3-45C
ME AS URI NG T I ME WI T H CONS T ANT RH( 4 0 %)
F OR VARY I NG T E MP E RAT URE S F OR
DI F F E RE NT COL OURS
INTRODUCTION
Fabrics are usually dried up for the purposes of storing or setting. Using thermal
energy to dry up and perform setting has been the most traditional and effective
method. In this study, heated air is used as a processing agent. Its physical
properties will be changed when it gains moisture and loses thermal energy. The
moisture in the fabric will be heated to form vapors after gaining energy from the air
at higher temperature to initiate a mass transfer process.
40%
55%
70%
90%
0
200
400
1 2 3
T
I M
E
I N
M
I N
U
T
E
S
TEMPERATURE
1-25C 2-35C 3-45C
VARY I NG RH AND T E MP E RAT URE F OR
BL ACK CL OT H
Black
BLue
Red
White
Silver
0
50
100
150
200
250
1 2 3 4
T
I M
E
I N
M
I N
U
T
E
S
RELATIVE HUMIDITY
1-40% 2-55% 3-70% 4-90%
T E MP E RAT URE I S CONS T ANT AND VARY I NG
T HE RH F OR DI F F E RE NT COL ORS
BLack
Blue
Red
White
Silver
0
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02
1 2 3
D
R
Y
I N
G
R
A
T
E
( K
G
/
M
^
2
. S
E
C
)
TEMPERATURE
1-25C 2-35C 3-45C
CONS T ANT RH( 4 0 %) F OR VARY I NG
T E MP E RAT URE S F OR DI F F E RE NT COL OURS
25C
35C
45C
0
0.01
0.02
1 2 3 4
D
R
Y
I N
G
R
A
T
E
RELATIVE HUMIDITIES
1-40% 2-55% 3-70% 4-90%
VARY I NG RH AND T E MP E RAT URE F OR BL UE
CL OT H
Black
Red
Silver
0
0.005
0.01
1 2 3 4
D
R
Y
I N
G
R
A
T
E
RELATIVE HUMIDITIES
1-40% 2-55% 3-70% 4-90%
T E MP E RAT URE I S CONS T ANT AND VARY I NG
T HE RH F OR DI F F E RE NT COL ORS
Lab experiments related to
this poster
1. Calculation of mass
transfer coefficient.
2. Absorptivity of different
surfaces
3. Drying
Latent heat
Sensible heat