This document provides an introduction to a lesson on music from Southeast Asian countries. It begins with an overview of the topics to be covered, including Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, Myanmar, Laos. The objectives are then outlined, such as listening to, singing, playing, analyzing and relating Southeast Asian music. A pre-assessment is conducted to gauge students' existing knowledge of Southeast Asian countries, vocal and instrumental music differences, and familiarity with songs and instruments. Goals are then set for what students want to learn. The lesson proper will discuss the vocal and instrumental music of each country, starting with Cambodia and its Pinpeat ensemble.
This document provides an introduction to a lesson on music from Southeast Asian countries. It begins with an overview of the topics to be covered, including Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, Myanmar, Laos. The objectives are then outlined, such as listening to, singing, playing, analyzing and relating Southeast Asian music. A pre-assessment is conducted to gauge students' existing knowledge of Southeast Asian countries, vocal and instrumental music differences, and familiarity with songs and instruments. Goals are then set for what students want to learn. The lesson proper will discuss the vocal and instrumental music of each country, starting with Cambodia and its Pinpeat ensemble.
This document provides an introduction to a lesson on music from Southeast Asian countries. It begins with an overview of the topics to be covered, including Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, Myanmar, Laos. The objectives are then outlined, such as listening to, singing, playing, analyzing and relating Southeast Asian music. A pre-assessment is conducted to gauge students' existing knowledge of Southeast Asian countries, vocal and instrumental music differences, and familiarity with songs and instruments. Goals are then set for what students want to learn. The lesson proper will discuss the vocal and instrumental music of each country, starting with Cambodia and its Pinpeat ensemble.
introduction about the topics in the module. This module will be about the countries listed below. Indonesia Malaysia Singapore Vietnam Thailand Cambodia Myanmar Laos Content Standard: The Learner Should Sub-topics Vocal Music Instrumental Music Cultural Context (istory and Traditions! Composition "ocial #unctions $er%ormance "tyles&Techni'ues demonstrate understanding o% musical elements and processes by synthesi(ing and applying prior )nowledge and s)ills demonstrate understanding o% salient %eatures o% "outheast Asian music by correlating musical elements and processes to our native %orms Perormance Standard: The Learner!!!per%orms examples o% "outheast Asian music, alone and with others, in appropriate tone, pitch, rhythm, expression and style " Introduction It#s more un in the Philippines$ These words remind us o% our wonder%ul experience in studying $hilippine music in our *rade + lessons. Truly we should be proud to be $inoy %or having a very rich culture especially in music and arts. ,e will now move on to our %riendly neighbours in "outheast Asia. Music in this Asian region is similar to our very own music. In this module you will %ind di%%erent activities where you can learn and show your understanding o% the basic concepts and principles o% "outheast Asian music. -ou will also discover how people %rom the "outheast Asian countries express their %eelings towards each other, towards the environment, their history and belie%s through vocal or instrumental music o% the %ollowing countries. % T&'C(&): .xplain the *+,&CTIV&S -*) T(& L&SS*.: ob/ectives %or this 'uarter. 't the end o this module/ you as a learner are e0pected to!!! listen&describe&compare the music o% "outheast Asia sing&play&improvise using the music o% "outheast Asia analy(e examples o% "outheast Asian music and describes how the musical elements are used relate "outheast Asian music in the lives o% the people explain the distinguishing characteristics o% representative "outheast Asian music in relation to history and culture o% the area per%orm available instruments %rom "outheast Asia, alone and&or with others. improvise simple rhythmic&harmonic accompaniments to selected "outheast Asian music explore ways o% producing sounds on a variety o% sources that would simulate instruments being studied evaluate the 'uality o% your own and others0 per%ormances and improvisations o% "outheast Asian music using developed criteria 1 P)&-'SS&SSM&.T +eore 2e ormally begin our lesson/ let#s 3nd out i you 4no2 something about the Southeast 'sian countries! 5p ne0t are a e2 acti6ities that 2ill assess 2hat you 4no2/ 2hat you can do/ and 2hat else you need to learn to achie6e your targets or this module! 're you ready7 Let#s tra6el$$$ .o2/ 2ouldn#t it be un to 6isit di8erent places7 In Southeast 'sia/ there are ele6en countries to 6isit! I you are gi6en a chance to 6isit these countries/ 2hich one 2ill you 6isit 3rst7 9hy7 In your noteboo4/ ma4e a list o Southeast 'sian countries you 2ant to 6isit! 'rrange it according to your top priorities do2n to the least and 2rite the reason 2hy you chose to arrange it in that 2ay! 5se the map to guide you in e0ploring Southeast 'sia! T&'C(&): .xplain the reason %or a $re1assessment and how they should answer the activity. : ; ,hen you travel especially in a %oreign country, you need to have an idea about their culture. -ou need to )now what )ind o% %ood they have, their mode o% transportation, type o% clothes to wear, important sights or places to visit, the religion, music and so many other things. ,hy do you need to )now about the country0s culture be%ore travelling2 .ach country has its distinct characteristics and )nowing about them helps you adapt and cope with their culture. 3ne way o% learning culture is through their music. Are you ready to learn "outheast Asian culture through music2 4et0s start5 ,e0ll be discussing music in 6 categories7 Vocal and Instrumental. It0s time to %ind out i% you0re %amiliar with any o% the "outheast Asian music. T&'C(&): #ind out i% the students )now the di%%erence o% Vocal music %rom Instrumental music. Their answers may be written in a sheet o% paper and discussed +! Vocal < Instrumental music: in the class. Can you recall the di%%erence o% Vocal music %rom Instrumental music2 ,rite their di%%erences. 8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888 88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888 = ,ere you able to identi%y the di%%erence o% Vocal music %rom Instrumental music2 Vocal music is music made speci%ically %or voices. It may be per%ormed with or without instruments while Instrumental music is made solely %or instruments. In the next activity, you will %ind out i% your answer above is correct. C! Vocal Music The songs listed below belong to the di%%erent countries in "outheast Asia. Chec) the box beside the songs that are %amiliar to you. T&'C(&): In this activity, you can chec) 9urung :a)a Tua ;asa "ayang Chan Mali Chan ;u Con 9ahay :ubo 4oi 4oi :rathong which songs should be taught and i% they have any idea in singing Asian songs. -ou may also as) some students to sing the songs that they )now so that you can chec) which students are good in singing. Can you sing any o% these songs2 <o need to worry i% you don0t )now all o% them. ,e /ust want to see i% you0re %amiliar with any "outheast Asian songs. Maybe you )now any o% the instruments on the next page. 4et0s chec) them out5 > T&'C(&): Chec) i% they can classi%y the instruments according to ornbostel1"achs C! Instrumental Music classi%ication which they have learned %rom *rade +. Answers are written here %or you. Are you %amiliar with the instruments below2 4oo) at the pictures and try to guess its name and its country o% origin. I% you cannot guess the name and its origin, you can also identi%y how it is played. Try to remember the ornbostel1"achs classi%ication o% instruments that you learned in *rade +. Is it an aerophone, chordophone, idiophone, membranophone or an electrophone2 $ut a =smiley> %ace ( ! beside the instrument to indicate i% you thin) you can play it. ?. chordophone - ?hhim 6. membranophone - S4or @.idiophone - 'ng4lung A. idiophone<s - @amelan < @ongs A B. aerophone- ?hene C. idiophone- 4ayu B2ooden 0ylophoneC +. aerophone - 4haen D. membranophone - BsamphorC E.idiophone - chhing ?F. chordophone - dannyuget 1D ow many instruments were you able to name2 ,ere you able to guess how they sound and how they are played2 -ou can chec) your answers as we go on with the lessons. The instruments above will be discussed later on. <ow, based on your answers in the pre1assessment activities, what do you thin) should you learn about "outheast Asian music2 ,rite your speci%ic goals in your noteboo) %ollowing the guide below. At the end o% this module, I would li)e to )now about 8888888888888888888888888888888888 I would li)e to be able to 88888888888888888888888888888888888 I would li)e to understand 8888888888888888888888888888888888 I would li)e to per%orm 8888888888888888888888888888888888888 T&'C(&): "tudents should write speci%ic goals %or each statement. ? st statement 1 )nowledge 6 nd statement 1 s)ills @ rd statement 1 understanding A th statement 1 per%ormance or product trans%er *ood /ob5 -ou0re done writing your goals %or this 'uarter. It0s time to %ormally start our lessons. As we move along, try to loo) bac) at your pre1assessment activities and chec) i% you were able to learn the things that you were not able to answer be%ore. Turn to the next page5 11 Part I! 9hat to ?.*9 This part o% the module will provide you a little tour o% "outheast Asia. It is very important %or you to learn the historical bac)ground and basic concepts that you will need as you go on with the lessons. 3ur discussion will %ocus on the vocal and instrumental music o% "outheast Asian countries particularly in Cambodia, Indonesia, 4aos, Malaysia, Myanmar, "ingapore, Thailand and Vietnam. T&'C(&): "tart discussing each country with a bac)ground on their culture. Then discuss the vocal and instrumental ensemble %ound in the country. '.@?*) 9'T Cambodia Cambodia is one o% the beauti%ul countries in "outheast Asia. It is also )nown as :GmpHchIa. It was the center o% the :hmer (Cambodian! )ingdom o% Ang)or, a great empire that dominated "outheast Asia %or CFF years. Their music gained a world1 wide reputation in the ?ECFs until the dramatic political problems in Cambodia. 'rt music is highly in%luenced by ancient %orms as well as indu %orms. Cambodian court music is roughly similar to that o% Java, Indonesia. i.e choruses with large orchestras based on struc) )eys and gongs. Cambodian people also absorbed and adopted Indian, Chinese, .uropean and other cultures to suit their own traditions and tastes that resulted in a distinct Cambodian culture. 1" The Pinpeat is a Cambodian musical ensemble or an orchestra that usually accompanies ceremonial music o% the royal courts and temples. Music is always part o% their court dances, mas)ed plays, shadow plays, and religious ceremonies. This group is similar to the Piphat ensemble o% Thailand and usually consists o% nine or ten instruments. T(& PI.P&'T *.&'T 1 xylophones S'MP(*) 1 a double1headed drum played with hands (membranophone! (idiophone! C((I.@ 1 %inger cymbals (idiophone! ?*.@V*.@ - gong circles (idiophone! S?*)T(*M 1 two big drums similar to Japanese (membranophone! T&'C(&)-'SSIST&E 'CTIVITF: T&'C(&): Assist the students in watching and process it with the 'uestions. I% you have access to the internet, visit www.youtube.com and type in the lin) below to watch video clips o% $in peat. I% in case you don0t have internet access, as) your teacher to lend you a CK copy o% the $inpeat ensemble per%ormances ta)en %rom the website. A%ter watching, answer the 'uestions %ound on the next page. ,rite your answers in your noteboo). http7&&www.youtube.com&watch2vL6t-a1<Cc:*- http7&&www.youtube.com&watch2vLVxBV(phVx;s 1% G5&STI*.S: ?. In @1B sentences, describe how the $inpeat musicians play their instruments. 6. ow many instrument players were needed to %orm the $inpeat2 @. Are their instruments made o% wood or metal2 -ou can also visit the %ollowing web pages %or additional re%erence7 http7&&www.istov.de&htmls&cambodia&cambodia8start.html http7&&en.wi)ipedia.org&wi)i&Cambodian8music http7&&www.)eosambathmusic.com&index.htm I% Cambodia has the $inpeat ensemble, do other "outheast Asian Countries have their own musical ensembles2 4et0s %ind out5 Indonesia T&'C(&): Muestions may be answered in their noteboo)s or on a sheet o% paper. It is an archipelago in "outheast Asia comprising approximately ?+,BFF islands. ,ith over 6@D million people, Indonesia is the worldNs %ourth most populous country and is the %ourth biggest nation o% the world. Through interaction with other culture such as Indian, Arabic, Chinese and .uropean, a wide range o% musical style has been developed. Today the contemporary music o% Indonesia is +*)*+5E5) popular not only in the region but also in the neighboring countries. T&'C(&): *ive samples o% B1tone and +1tone scales %or the There are two basic )inds o% Indonesian music scale7 o Slendro 1 %ive (B! eHuidistant tones in octave o PeloH 1 (eptatonic (+ tone! scale with semi tone countries. "how them with the use o% piano )eyboard or videos. 9oth vocal and instrumental music in Indonesia use slendro and peloH scales. $olyphonic strati%ication )ind o% melody is a result o% hoc4et<Interloc4. Interloc4ing is common techni'ue used in gong ensembles Irama 1 is an Indonesian term %or tempo 11 Vocal music is used as ornamentation o% the *amelan. It is as important as gamelan. ?. Pesindhen is a %emale soloist singer who sings with a *amelan 6. @erong re%ers to the unison male chorus that sings with the gamelan @amelan The *amelan or *amelan orchestra is the most popular %orm o% music in Indonesia. There are many types o% *amelan but the %amous Javanese and 9alinese *amelan are the most %amous. It contains a variety o% instruments such as metallophones, xylophones, )endang and gongsO bamboo %lutes, bowed and pluc)ed strings. T&'C(&): "how samples o% the per%ormances %or Vocal P Instrumental music. Videos are available through youtube or in the )emember: CK. I?ara2itanJ is the term %or every )ind o% *amelan music in Java. @amelan orchestras - are used to accompany dances, songs and ,ayang :ulit - Are believed to possess a supernatural powers - Its instruments are sacred there%ore stepping over the instrument is a sign o% disrespect - Musicians bow be%ore playing the instruments to show respect 1: -ou0re probably wondering how you can distinguish the Javanese gamelan %rom the 9alinese gamelan. #ollow the lin)s below each TV screen icon. ,atch and listen how they play. P')T.&) 'CTIVITF: A%ter watching&listening to the Javanese and 9alinese gamelan, write down your description o% each musical ensemble in a sheet o% paper. -ou may use the guide 'uestions below. As soon as you0ve %inished answering, compare your answers with your partner. Chec) i% you have the same description. The @amelan Music o Indonesia The +alinese @amelan http7&&www.youtube.com&watch2vLc?AiCTJEtDg http7&&www.youtube.com&watch2vL9mlAQxhaD$w The ,a6anese @amelan http7&&www.youtube.com&watch2vL%r3"J;Cs%M T&'C(&): Assist the students in accessing video materials %or this activity. Their answers should be aligned to the chart on the next page. G5&STI*.S: ?. In @1B sentences, describe how the Javanese and 9alinese musicians play their instruments. 6. ow many instrument players were needed to %orm each ensemble2 @. Are their instruments made o% wood or metal2 1; Are your answers in the previous activity similar to the chart below2 ,a6anese @amelan Rsed %or court music $ercussion dominated "tyle o% playing gives solemn character +alinese @amelan Rsed %or sacred music Consist o% idiophone and mostly (metal! gongs "udden change o% tempo and dynamics are the basic characteristic. "ounds are very bright and brilliant Rse o% %ast and rattling sounds o% cymbals ma)es distinctive characters "o, Cambodia has the Pinpeat ensemble while Indonesia has the ,a6anese and +alinese gamelans. owever, the Indonesian gamelans have singers per%orming with them. Ko other "outheast Asian countries have singers as well as their musical ensembles2 4et0s read on. Myanmar Myanmar was )nown as 9urma until ?EDEO the country0s name was o%%icially changed by the military government that too) over in ?EDD. .arly civili(ation in Myanmar dates bac) to the ? st century with archaeological evidences o% the $yu :ingdoms o% Thaye)hittaya ("ri :setra!, 9eithano (Visnu! and anlin. SC(9&E'@* The music o Myanmar (or 9urma! has similarities with many other musical traditions in the region, including Chinese music and Thai music probably because its longest land border is shared with China. The (saing 9aing is Myanmar0s traditional %ol) music ensemble. It is made up mainly o% di%%erent gongs and drums as well as other instruments depending on the nature o% the per%ormance. 1= Myanmar0s musical instruments are categori(ed into 6 types, the loud sounding and sot sounding! The loud sounding instruments are per%ormed in open1air ensembles at ceremonies and %estivals. Most o% the (saing 9aing instruments belong to the loud sounding category. 3ther instruments in the (saing 9aing may be the7 maung hne (a double reed pipe! pat 2aing (a set o% 6? drums in a circle! chau4 lon pat (a set o% D tuned drums! 4yi 2aing (small hsaing (larger bron(e gongs in a rectangular %rame! bron(e gongs in a <ot shown in the picture is the siand 2a (bell and clapper! T&'C(&): *ive samples video o% the (saing 9aing and Saung @au4. "how a picture o% the siand 2a! 1> #or more %ormal and classical per%ormances that are per%ormed indoors, the ensemble may be accompanied by the saung gau4 (?@1string angular harp with so%t sound and is considered the national instrument o% Myanmar!, the pattala B9urmese xylophone!, or the piano and violin, both introduced during colonial rule. S'5.@ @'5? Myanmar (arp Can you imagine how it is made o%2 Its body is made o% padau4, the %amous Myanmar mahogany, the %lat bar is made o% cutch 2ood, it is covered with the leather o% a emale deer and the strings are made o% sil4. Myanmar not only has their musical ensembles but they also have an extensive collection o% classical songs called the Mahagita. These songs are divided into di%%erent types li)e the oldest repertoires, royal court music, songs o% longing, horses0 dance songs, worship songs %or 9urmese spirits, songs o% sorrow and music adapted %rom Ayutthaya and the Mon people. The saung gau4 usually accompanies these songs. 1A Malaysia Malaysia is a constitutional monarchy in "outheast Asia. It is divided into two regions7 ?. 9est Malaysia 1 also )nown as $eninsular Malaysia "! &ast Malaysia It consists o% thirteen states and three %ederal territories. Chinese and Indian cultural in%luences made their mar) when P'('.@ ST'T& M*SG5& trade began in the country. Trading also increased with immigrants %loc)ed to Malaysia. The country is multi1ethnic and multi1cultural, which plays a large role in developing their culture. The constitution declares Islam the state religion while protecting %reedom o% religion. Multi-racial groups that inKuenced Malaysia#s music genre: ?. Malay B. Kaya) 6. Chinese C. :ada(andusun @. Indian +. .urasians A. Iban D. 3ther groups Malaysian music is largely based around percussion instruments. It has multicultural in%luence and is believed to have originated in the :elantan1$attani region with a mixture o% India, China, Thailand and Indonesian in%luences. Music o% Malaysia may be categori(ed into two types7 1! Classical and -ol4 music emerged during the pre1colonial period and still exists in the %orm o% vocal, dance and theatrical music. "! Syncretic Bor 'cculturated music! is developed during the post1$ortuguese period (?Cth century!. It contains elements %rom both local music and %oreign elements o% Arabian, $ersian, Indian, Chinese and ,estern musical and theatrical sources. "D Malaysian Musical Instruments Musical instruments o% Malaysia are greatly associated with their culture and roots. Kue to coloni(ation, the stages o% development o% Malaysian instruments are great. At %irst, it shares some common %eatures with Indian musical instruments. A%ter coloni(ation o% Malaysia by the 9ritish, the musical development is being in%luenced by ,estern music. Musical ensembles and types o perormances in Malaysia: 1! 'gung and ?ulintang It is a gong1based musical ensemble commonly used in %unerals and weddings in .ast Malaysia. This type o% ensemble is similar to the )ulintang o% the $hilippines, 9runei and Indonesia. T&'C(&): 4et the students listen to sample videos or music o% the vocal and instrumental ensembles in all the "outheast Asian countries. ;elate $hilippine instruments to other Asian instruments. http:<<222!themalaysiantimes!com!my<7pL:%"1> "! ?erto4 A musical ensemble %rom the Malay $eninsula that consists o% xylophones played swi%tly and rhythmically in traditional Malay %unctions. http:<<pelancongan-terengganu!blogspot!com<"D1D<DA<per4ampungan-budaya!html "1 %! Ei4ir +arat It is a type o% musical %orm that is important to Malaysia0s national culture. It is per%ormed by singing in groups and o%ten in a competitive manner usually with percussion instrumental accompaniment or sometimes without instruments at all. http:<<222!ageotostoc4!com<en<Stoc4-Images<)ights-Managed<PIL-MD1>1D=;1 1! Silat Melayu This is a %orm o% martial art that is similar to t#ai chi! It originated in the Malay $eninsula since the Christian .ra and is a mixture o% martial arts, dance and music usually accompanied by gongs, drums and Indian oboes. http:<<222!Kic4r!com<photos<isham<"D=";>>1;;< "" "o %ar, Cambodia, Indonesia, Myanmar and Malaysia have instrumental ensembles and vocal music. ave you noticed that these musical per%ormances are used in di%%erent manners in their culture2 They have a speci%ic type o% music %or %estivals, religious events, weddings, %unerals, etc. Ko you thin) the other countries have this too2 Ko they use instrumental and vocal music %or their cultural or religious events2 4et0s )eep on reading. Thailand #ormerly )nown as "iam, Thailand is )nown %or being the sole nation in "outheast Asia that has never been ruled by a ,estern power. It is %or this reason that the country is also called =Muang Thai,> which means =4and o% the #ree.> istory and geography indicates that Thai music is a conglomeration o% Asian in%luences. Its musical principles and elements are basically derived %rom Chinese music, while its musical instruments are inspired %rom the Indian and Indonesian strings and gong1chimes. 'F5TT('F' )5I.S The Thais combined and adapted them to their culture and created their own uni'ue music. Music is theoretically based on the 36e-tone or se6en-tone scale system. It is not con%ined only to the royal courts but is used extensively in dance, theatre and in ceremonies. Thai %ol) music consists o% simple songs with simple melodic lines. Its main %ocus in singing is the articulation o% the text rather than in the style or techni'ue o% execution. "% "ongs o% Thailand have inherently poetic lyrics which allow a singer or per%ormer to easily de%ine the melodic lines. It provides the singer the opportunity to improvise song text to suit the given occasion. The interpretation o% a singer gives meaning to the sacred and spiritual essence o% songs with %ree rhythm while melodies may either be interpreted or written in the high or low register with long or short durations. Thailand has @ primary instrumental ensembles that are similar to the other ensembles in "outheast Asia. 1! Piphat 1 It is a mid1si(ed orchestra that is per%ormed in either outdoor style with hard mallets or indoor style with padded mallets. This ensemble has di%%erent types but the highly ornate one is traditionally associated %unerals and cremation ceremonies. 3ther versions o% the piphat ensemble are used to accompany speci%ic %orms o% traditional Thai drama such as the large shadow puppet theater (nang yai! and the )hon dance drama. www.piano%ortephilia.blogspot.com "! ?hrueang Sai 1 It is an orchestra that combines some o% the percussion and wind instruments o% the $iphat with and expanded string section. This group is primarily used %or indoor per%ormances and %or the accompaniment o% stic)1 puppet theater. www.tube.+s1b.com "1 %! Mahori 1 This ensemble is traditionally played by women in the courts o% Central Thailand and Cambodia. 9ecause o% this instruments %or this ensemble are historically smaller. owever, regular1si(ed instruments are used today. A vocalist per%orming with the Mahori is usually accompanied by the so sam sai. www.thailandmusicpro/ect.weebly.com Laos This country is an independent state o% "outheast Asia and o%%icially )nown as 4ao $eople0s Kemocratic ;epublic. It is %ormerly part o% the Indochinese Rnion, also )nown as #rench Indochina. 9at Pha That Luang/ Vientiane is one o% its %amous landmar)s. The classical music and 9'T P(' T('T L5'.@ dance o% 4aos is highly in%luences by the India, Cambodia, and Thailand. Themes are drawn %rom indu mythology, the 9uddhist Jata)atales, and local legends. The royal entourage o% 4ao )ings traditionally included musicians, and a typical orchestra improvised songs with sets o% tuned gongs, xylophones, a bamboo %lute, and other wind instruments. The 4ao orchestra can be divided into two categories7 ?. Sep .yai - This is similar to the $iphat o% Thailand with instruments that are strictly percussive but also integrates the use o% an oboe. ": 6. Sep .oi - It is also )nown as the Mahori o% Thailand however it incorporates the use o% several ?hene which is a large bamboo mouth organ and is the most popular %ol) music instrument o% 4aos. Traditional music, called Mor lam, is largely based around the 4hene. ,ow5 It loo)s li)e most o% the countries in "outheast Asia have a lot o% similarities in their musical instruments and types o% music per%ormed. Their musical in%luences are similar to one another as well. Isn0t it ama(ing2 4et0s see i% the last 6 countries to be discussed have the same similarities to the other countries. "; Vietnam Vietnam is o%%icially )nown as the "ocialist ;epublic o% Vietnam. This country is located on the eastern coast o% the Indochinese $eninsula. Vietnamese music (nhSc ViTt <am! re%ers to the ethnic music that originated %rom the U:inhU people o% Vietnam. This term is also used to T(I&. M5 address the music o% any o% the numerous ethnic minorities including the Montagnard, Kegar, Tay, Cham, etc. Although Vietnam is geographically part o% "outheast Asia, ten centuries o% rule by the Chinese to the north have made the culture much closer to #ar .ast than to its "outheast Asian neighbors. Thus, early music theory was either based upon or adapted to the prevailing Chinese theory, and the ma/ority o% instruments used in the royal court were o% Chinese origin. 3n the other hand, other in%luences can be seen with the ethnic minorities, such as the ChVm or Montagnard peoples. This is possibly due to interaction with the other countries o% "outheast Asia. Vietnamese music shows signs o% Indian in%luences, noticeable in improvisation preludes o% chamber music ()nown as rao in the "outh and dao in the north! as well as usage o% onomatopoeia in drum playing. Traditional M -ol4 Music Vietnamese traditional music can be separated into a %ew ma/or categories, divided predominately by the way in which they are (or were! used in the peopleNs cultural lives. "= Categories o Vietnamese music: 1! Imperial court music 1 The most popular o% this )ind is the .ha nhac that was popularly per%ormed during the Tran Kynasty to the <guyen Kynasty. This %orm o% classical music is also per%ormed in honour o% the gods and scholars in temples. 3ther classical music %alling into this category is the Eai .hac (=great music>! and the Tieu .hac (=small music>! which was per%ormed as chamber music %or the )ing. www.vietnamonline.com "! -ol4 music 1 This category is extremely diverse because it includes music per%ormed both indoors and outdoors. $er%ormers o% this category are also diverse. They may be pro%essional musicians down to the blind artists in the streets who per%orm to earn their living. Vietnamese %ol) music are per%ormed in di%%erent occasions depending on its sub1category li)e musical theater, streets, %or courtship rituals, %or invo)ing spirits in ceremonies, and are sometimes in%luenced by ,estern elements. "ome Vietnamese music only has %emale singers and some have both male and %emale singers. www.tuoitrenews.vn %! )eligious and Ceremonial music 1 These are music per%ormed in religious rituals or at %unerals. "> Singapore The ;epublic o% "ingapore is an independent republic in "outheast Asia, comprising o% ? main island and about BF small ad/acent islands o%% the southern tip o% the Malay $eninsula. About three1%ourths o% the people o% "ingapore, )nown as "ingaporeans, are Chinese, but there are signi%icant Malay and Indian minorities. M&)LI*. "ingapore0s cultural li%e re%lects its coloni(ation by the 9ritish .mpire and its diverse population. 9eing the melting pot o% di%%erent cultures in Asia, %ol) music o% this country re%lects the culture and traditions o% speci%ic groups. The ethnic groups which made a prominent place in the musical world o% "ingapore have been Chinese, Indian Malays and Tamils. 3ther minority Asian ethnic groups which have also made a mar) in the #ol) Culture o% "ingapore are the Cantonese, o))ien and Malay 9angwasan. Through the years, the music industry in "ingapore grew having ,estern1 in%luenced per%ormances by the Singapore Symphony *rchestra as well as ethnic music per%ormances mainly by the Singapore Chinese *rchestra. 3ther per%orming groups with Malay and Indian in%luence are still prevalent until today. That0s "outheast Asian music5 Isn0t it ama(ing how rich their culture is2 Are you proud that our country is part o% this Asian region2 It0s time to learn how to per%orm "outheast Asian music5 9ut %irst, let us see i% you can describe "outheast Asia in your own words. Ko the %ollowing activities on your own. "A I.EIVIE5'L 'CTIVITF 1: T&'C(&): "tudents will answer the %ollowing activities IMar4 My 9ordJ on their own or you may give similar assessment . Eirection: In your noteboo), write words that describe "outheast Asian music that starts with the letters spelling out "outheast Asia. " 8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888 3 8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888 R 8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888 T8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888 8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888 .8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888 A8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888 "8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888 T8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888 A8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888 "8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888 I8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888 A8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888 I.EIVIE5'L 'CTIVITF ": Eirection: 3n a sheet o% paper, write the country where the %ollowing word is connected. 8888888888888888?. :hene 88888888888888886. <ha nhac 8888888888888888@. *amelan 8888888888888888A. $inpeat 8888888888888888B. $iphat 88888888888888888C. saing ,aing 88888888888888888+. "aung *au) 88888888888888888D. :ulintang 88888888888888888E. Mahori 88888888888888888?F. 3rchestra *ood /ob5 -ou0ve %inished answering the individual activities. To )now more about "outheast Asian per%ormances, you may %ollow the online lin)s on the %ollowing page. %D Suggested online materials )esources: http7&&www.youtube.com&watch2vL?Idle;"M41o ;anad (Traditional Thai Music Instruments! http7&&www.youtube.com&watch2<;L?PvL"ArRV4D?bQIP%eatureLendscreen http7&&www.youtube.com&watch2vLi*hcbyh9xWo http7&&www.youtube.com&watch2vL?@C$3u-.3:A http7&&www.youtube.com&watch2vLIAcVualK'g. http7&&www.youtube.com&watch2vLlv4t+RaQ-QD http7&&www.youtube.com&watch2vLI'K,b<"+AAc Laos Traditional Song "ong sung by man o% this village. The description o% the song given to me was UKecember is coming. "hould we get married to stay warm2> )esources B9eb sites/ Sot2are/ etc!C: International -ol4 Songs. (?EE+! al 4eonard Anderson, ,illiam and $atricia Campbell. (?EEC!. Multicultural Perspecti6es in Music &ducation/ " nd ed! Virginia, R"A7 M.<C. .ugenio, Kamiana. (?EED!. Anthology o% $hilippine 4iterature. Manila7 Kela "alle Rniversity $ress. .ugenio, Kamiana. (6FFD!. Anthology o% $hilippine 4iterature, 6 nd ed. Mue(on City7 Rniversity o% the $hilippines $ress. http7&&en.wi)ipedia.org&wi)i&Music8o%8Thailand http7&&en.wi)ipedia.org&wi)i&Music8o%8Cambodia http7&&en.wi)ipedia.org&wi)i&Music8o%8Myanmar http7&&en.wi)ipedia.org&wi)i&Music8o%84aos <ow, it0s time to experience "outheast Asian music5 "ome musical ensembles in "outheast Asia have singers per%orming with them. ;emember the songs we as)ed you about in the $re1assessment2 4et0s see i% we can sing and per%orm some o% the songs. %1 Part II Process T&'C(&) 'SSIST&E 'CTIVITF: T&'C(&): Teach the %ollowing songs. These may be sang individually or by group. Eirections: ,atch and listen to some songs %rom Indonesia and Malaysia. ,ith the guidance o% your teacher, learn how to sing the 6 songs. +urung ?a4a Tua: http7&&www.youtube.com&watch2vLiTC#"Fpg9psP%eatureLrelated +urung ?a4atua (9ahasa Indonesia! 9urung )a)atua inggap di /endela <ene) sudah tua *iginya tinggal dua Tredung, tredung, tredung tra la la Tredung, tredung, tredung tra la la Tredung, tredung, tredung tra la la Tredung, tredung, tredung tra la la 9urung )a)atua *iginya tinggal dua <ene) sudah tua inggap di /endela "eperti )a)atua5 Tredung, tredung, tredung tra la la Tredung, tredung, tredung tra la la Tredung, tredung, tredung tra la la Tredung, tredung, tredung tra la la 9urung )a)atua The Coc4atoo (.nglish ! The coc)atoo "its on the window sill My grandmother is already old And she only has two teeth Tredung, tredung, tredung tra la la Tredung, tredung, tredung tra la la Tredung, tredung, tredung tra la la Tredung, tredung, tredung tra la la 9urung )a)atua "he only has two teeth le%t *randma is already old "he sits on the the window sill 4i)e the coc)atoo5 Tredung, tredung, tredung tra la la Tredung, tredung, tredung tra la la Tredung, tredung, tredung tra la la Tredung, tredung, tredung tra la la 9urung )a)atua %" %% )asa Sayang: http7&&www.youtube.com&watch2%eatureLendscreenP<;L?PvLMMn "M+8)ssM )asa Sayang (Malay! ;asa sayang hey5 ;asa sayang sayang hey5 ey lihat nona /auh ;asa sayang sayang hey5 9uah cempeda) di luar pagar Ambil galah tolong /olo))an "aya buda) baru bela/ar :alau salah tolong tun/u))an $ulau pandan /auh )e tengah *unung dai) bercabang tiga ancur badan di)andung tanah 9udi yang bai) di)enang /uga Kua tiga )ucing berlari Mana sama si )ucing belang Kua tiga boleh )u cari Mana sama abang seorang $isang emas dibawa berlayar Masa) sebi/i di atas peti utang emas boleh dibayar utang budi dibawa mati I#6e @ot That Lo6ely -eeling (4iteral .nglish translation! I0ve got that loving %eeling hey5 I0ve got that loving %eeling hey5 "ee that girl in the distance I0ve got that loving %eeling hey5 The cempeda) tree is across the %enece $lease ta)e a stic) and po)e it down %or me I0m /ust a new guy trying to learn "o i% I0m wrong then please tell me $andan island %ar in midst ,ith the three pea)ed Kai) mountain ,hile the body decomposes in earth *ood deeds remain to be remembered Two or three cats are running around ,ith the striped one which can vie Two or three men woo I may ,hich o% them with you can vie $isang emas brought on a /ourney 3ne ripens on a box I% gold is owed, it can be repaid 9ut i% it is gratitude, it is carried to the grave %1 %: T&'C(&): 4et the ,ere you able to sing the 6 songs /ust li)e the Indonesians and Malaysians2 It0s time to learn how to accompany the songs. @)*5P 'CTIVITF: students per%orm the songs in class while accompanying it with musical instruments. ?. #orm a rhythmic instrumental ensemble using improvised instruments or any available musical instruments that sound li)e instruments %rom "outheast Asia. -ou may use metal discs that sound li)e gongs, bamboo %lutes, guitars, piano )eyboards, etc. 6. $er%orm the songs again using the available instruments in your group. T&'C(&): This is an additional activity %or I.EIVIE5'L 'CTIVITF: students who would li)e to per%orm on their own. "ing the song =9ahay :ubo> or accompany it using an improvised musical instrument. -our accompaniment should imitate the rhythmic patterns heard in the music o% "outheast Asia. ,hat is easier %or you, singing "outheast Asian songs or playing improvised instruments2 In the next part, you will be able to chec) i% you have %ully understood what "outheast Asian music is about. 4et0s see i% you can analy(e some o% the sample music. Part III: )&-L&CT '.E 5.E&)ST'.E T&'C(&) 'SSIST&E 'CTIVITF: 4oi 4oi *ratong is an example o% a %ol)song %rom Thailand. Visit www.youtube.com to watch the video presentation or listen to the sample music provided by your teacher to answer the 'uestion given below. ,rite your answers in your noteboo). ?. Kescribe the voice 'uality. 6. ow was the music per%ormed2 @. Is the per%ormance style e%%ective in bringing about the message2 A. ow were the varied musical elements used in bringing about the message o% the music2 T&'C(&): -ou should be able to draw the students0 understanding o% "outheast Asian music characteristics by describing the song based on the 'uestions. %; %= @)*5P<P'I) 9*)? 1: Rsing the music sheet and table as your guide, listen to the ways it was per%ormed. In a cartolina or manila paper, write down the di%%erences and similarities o% the per%orming styles as observed by your group or partner. http7&&www.youtu http7&&www.youtube.com& http7&&www.youtube.com&wa Characteristic be.com&watch2vL watch2vL4..eyF*8aCA WV?:3w#?pRo P%eatureLrelated Chan Mali Chan Chan Mali Chan BLagu )a4yatC The Stylers B1A>"C 9ac)ground & #unction Tempo Meter Tonality Texture #orm tch2vL?'FCn+33d.- Chan Mali Chan Marsiling Chinese *rchestra T&'C (&): This acti6it %> @)*5P<P'I) 9*)? ": Kivide the class into groups. .ach group will be given %ive minutes to discuss and share ideas about the characteristics o% Javanese and 9alinese *amelan. Rse graphic organi(ers as illustrated below or you can ma)e your own organi(er to present your ideas e%%ectively. %A I.EIVIE5'L 'CTIVITF 1: 4isten to the song =;u Con>. Analy(e the song by answering the 'uestions below. -ou may access the music sample through http7&&www.youtube.com&watch2vLQ69C9r.1 dw. Kraw and sing the scale used in the song =;u con>7 *uide Muestion7 ?. ,hat scale is use in this song2 P&.T'T*.IC SC'L& 6. ,hat %eeling is being conveyed upon hearing the song2 ('PPF *) S'E7 @. ow is it similar to the #ilipino song ="a Rgoy ng Kuyan>2 IT IS ' L5LL'+F! 1D I.EIVIE5'L 'CTIVITF ": *amelan is very popular in Indonesia. It is similar to the :ulintang o% the $hilippines. 3n sheet o% paper, ma)e a Kiagram that can describe both musical ensembles. Rse the guide below. @amelan ?ulintang -unctions -unctions Tuning Tuning System System )eligious )eligious +elies +elies Are you ready to share what you )now about "outheast Asian music2 -ou may choose any o% the 6 activities that would suit you. P')T IV! T)'.S-&) @)*5P 'CTIVITF: ISing it$ Mo6e it$J 3rgani(e yourselves into B groups. .ach group will be sing ? "outheast Asian song either learned %rom class or through research. .nhance your group per%ormance with the use o% improvised musical instruments as accompaniments and incorporate body movements. $lease re%er to the criteria given below. 9e%ore per%orming, brie%ly explain your answers to the 'uestions7 ?. Kescribe how a musical element re%lects the culture o% each country 6. ,hat is the di%%erence between the traditional and contemporary %ol) songs o% "outheast Asia2 11 Criteria B A @ 6 ? Correct expression and style Accurate rhythm Appropriateness o% accompaniment and movements Correct pitch "ensitive phrasing ,ell de%ined dynamic level Creativity )ubrics or Eesigning an Instrument Substitute +asic: InappropriateO Messy and incomplete materialsO "ound 'uality lac)s similarity with that o% the original instrument.. Ee6eloping: Most materials appropriateO Kecorated but messy <eat but %ragileO "ound 'uality somewhat similar but not exactly similar to that o% the original instrument. 'pproaching Pro3ciency: Appropriate materialsO decorated, neatO "ound 'uality almost similar to that o% the original instrument Pro3cient: Appropriate and creatively modi%ied materialsO Kecorated within the context o% the instrumentO <eat and KurableO "ound 'uality most similar to that o% the original instrument. T&'C(&): This activity is %or students who want to express their learning through non1musical ways. I.EIVIE5'L<P'I) 'CTIVITF: I-rom scrap to cratJ Ma)e a scrapboo) o% "outheast Asian musical instruments. Care%ully organi(e the pictures in your scrapboo) and include a brie% description about each instrument. $lease re%er to assessment rubric %or the criteria. Criteria: Scrapboo4 )ubrics Points 1 % " 1 .arned Assessment Advance Approaching Keveloping 9eginner "el% Teacher $ro%iciency Content In%ormation is Main points "ome main Main points complete and are covered points and are not is enhanced but lac) details are complete by accurate some detail missing. and are and greatly 1" appropriate lac)ing in details detail $ictures, <umber and More and Very little photographs, types o% better visual pictorial or other visuals are could be representati similar device ade'uate as usedO caption on is add to overall are caption only identi%y presentO e%%ectiveness and label caption are o% the rather than incomplete scrapboo)O explain caption are relevant and explanatory "pace, Kesign "hows There is no shapes and elements and evidence o% consideratio colors principles use o% some n o% design provide used are design elements in%ormation ade'uate elements and and themselves principles principles and add to the overall e%%ectiveness o% scrapboo) All sources The minimum "u%%icient The list o% are properly number&types number&types sources i% and o% sources o% sources inade'uate thoroughly are present are lac)ingO in citedO the and are cited citations are number&type number&types properly not all s and %ormat o% sources %ormatted o% items are exceeded properly Theme There is Most o% the 3nly a Con%using wholeness in%ormation portion o% the and &or about the relates to the in%ormation inconsistent scrapboo)O theme o% the relates to the in%ormation the theme is scrapboo). theme o% the consistent The cover is scrapboo). throughout. relevant to The cover is The cover the contents unclear in its clearly message. identi%ies the theme 3verall The All the 3nly some o% #ew o% the e%%ective re'uirements re'uirements the assignment 1ness o% the o% the assignment re'uirement 1% assignment assignment re'uirements s have been have been have been are %ul%illed. met. The exceeded. %ul%illed. The The presentation The scrapboo) is scrapboo) as a whole scrapboo) is neat and lac) lac)s very creative presentable neatness neatness and interesting. Summary<Synthesis<@eneraliNation The music o% "outheast Asia have been present since 6 nd 1 @ rd Century 9C. Music is an important part o% their lives because they use it %or rituals, ceremonies, courting, entertainment, etc. Instruments in "outheast Asia can be classi%ied according to ornbostel1"achs classi%ication. Most o% the instruments are percussive with an exception to some aerophones and chordophones. .ach country0s musical instruments and even some songs are somewhat similar to each other due to their history o% trading and migration. "ongs %rom "outheast Asia commonly use pentatonic (B1tone! scales or heptatonic (+1tone! scales. @lossary Any musical instrument that produces sound primarily by causing 'erophone Chordophone -orm Idiophone ?ulintang Membranophone Meter )asa Sayang body o% air to vibrate Any musical instrument that ma)es sound by way o% a vibrating string or strings stretched between two points The structure o% a musical composition Any musical instrument which creates sound primarily by way o% the instrumentNs 6ibrating by itsel. An ancient instrumental %orm o% music composed on a row o% small, hori(ontally1laid gongs that %unction melodically, accompanied by larger, suspended gongs and drums. Any musical instrument which produces sound primarily by way o% a vibrating stretched membrane The pattern o% beats that combines to %orm musical rhythm A song literally means Uloving %eelingU. This Malay %ol) song is popular in Indonesia, Malaysia and "ingapore. 11 Tempo Te0ture Timbre Tonality )eerences: The speed or pace o% a given piece. The e%%ect o% the di%%erent components o% a piece o% music such as melody, harmony rhythm, or the use o% di%%erent instruments. The 'uality or color o% tone o% an instrument or voice The relationship between the notes and chords o% a passage or wor) that tends to establish a central note or harmony as its %ocal point. http7&&www.youtube.com&watch2vLiTC#"Fpg9psP%eatureLrelated http7&&www.youtube.com&watch2%eatureLendscreenP<;L?PvLMMn"M+8)ssM http7&&cmt)@.webring.org&l&rd2ringLindoringOidL+OurlLhttpX@AX6#X6#wwwX6.mamalis aX6.comX6#X@#pX@KB@6X6CtX@KecX6CcX@K+@ http7&&en.wi)ipedia.org&wi)i&;asa8"ayang http7&&www.youtube.com&watch2vLc?AiCTJEtDg http7&&www.youtube.com& watch2vL@ve(,aMh@MF http7&&www.youtube.com&watch2vL9mlAQxhaD$w .ncarta .ncyclopedia <otation in Vietnamese court music http7&&www.vnmusicologyinst.vnn.vn&english&in%ormation&bai8T)yamtrongA<CK8+8FD.htm "hare the Music7 McMillan&Mc*raw1ill $ublishing Company <ew -or) ;u Con7http7&&www.youtube.com&watch2vLQ69C9r.1dw 1: