PROBLEM 3.

28
In Problem 3.21, determine the perpendicular distance from point O to
cable BC.
Problem 3.21: Before the trunk of a large tree is felled, cables AB and
BC are attached as shown. Knowing that the tension in cables AB and BC
are 777 N and 990 N, respectively, determine the moment about O of the
resultant force exerted on the tree by the cables at B.

SOLUTION






Have | |
O BC
T d = M
where perpendicular distance from to line . d O BC =
/ O B O BC
= M r T
/
8.4 m
B O
= r j
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2 2 2
5.1m 8.4 m 1.2 m
990 N
5.1 8.4 1.2 m
BC BC BC
T
+
= =
+ +
i j k
T
( ) ( ) ( ) 510 N 840 N 120 N = + i j k
( ) ( ) 0 8.4 0 1008 N m 4284 N m
510 840 120
O
= =

i j k
M i k
and ( ) ( )
2 2
| | 1008 4284 4401.0 N m
O
= + = M
( ) 4401.0 N m 990 N d =
4.4454 m d =
or 4.45 m d =






PROBLEM 3.29
In Problem 3.24, determine the perpendicular distance from point D to a
line drawn through points A and B.
Problem 3.24: A wooden board AB, which is used as a temporary prop to
support a small roof, exerts at point A of the roof a 228 N force directed
along BA. Determine the moment about C of that force.

SOLUTION





Have | |
D BA
F d = M
where perpendicular distance from to line . d D AB =
/ D A D BA
= M r F
( ) ( )
/
0.12 m 0.72 m
A D
= + r j k
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2 2 2
0.1m 1.8 m 0.6 m
228 N
0.1 1.8 0.6 m
BA BA BA
F
+
= =
+ +
i j k
F
( ) ( ) ( ) 12.0 N 216 N 72 N = + i j k
0 0.12 0.72 N m
12.0 216 72
D
=

i j k
M
( ) ( ) ( ) 146.88 N m 8.64 N m 1.44 N m = i j k
and ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
| | 146.88 8.64 1.44 147.141 N m
D
= + + = M
( ) 147.141 N m 228 N d =
0.64536 m d =
or 0.645 m d =





PROBLEM 3.30
In Problem 3.24, determine the perpendicular distance from point C to a
line drawn through points A and B.
Problem 3.24: A wooden board AB, which is used as a temporary prop to
support a small roof, exerts at point A of the roof a 228 N force directed
along BA. Determine the moment about C of that force.

SOLUTION






Have | |
C BA
F d = M
where perpendicular distance from to line . d C AB =
/ C AC BA
= M r F
( ) ( ) ( )
/
0.96 m 0.12 m 0.72 m
AC
= + r i j k
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2 2 2
0.1m 1.8 m 0.6
228 N
0.1 1.8 0.6 m
BA BA BA
F
+
= =
+ +
i j k
F
( ) ( ) ( ) 12.0 N 216 N 72 N = + i j k
0.96 0.12 0.72 N m
12.0 216 72
C
=

i j k
M
( ) ( ) ( ) 146.88 N m 60.48 N m 205.92 N m = + i j k
and ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
| | 146.88 60.48 205.92 260.07 N m
C
= + + = M
( ) 260.07 N m 228 N d =
1.14064 m d =
or 1.141m d =






PROBLEM 3.31
In Problem 3.25, determine the perpendicular distance from point A to
portion DE of cable DEF.
Problem 3.25: The ramp ABCD is supported by cables at corners C
and D. The tension in each of the cables is 360 lb. Determine the moment
about A of the force exerted by (a) the cable at D, (b) the cable at C.

SOLUTION

Have
A DE
T d = M
where perpendicular distance from to line . d A DE =
/ A E A DE
= M r T
( )
/
92 in.
E A
= r j
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2 2 2
24 in. 132 in. 120 in.
360 lb
24 132 120 in.
DE DE DE
T
+
= =
+ +
i j k
T
( ) ( ) ( ) 48 lb 264 lb 240 lb = + i j k
0 92 0 N m
48 264 240
A
=

i j k
M
( ) ( ) 22, 080 lb in. 4416 lb in. = i k

PROBLEM 3.31 CONTINUED
and ( ) ( )
2 2
22, 080 4416 22, 517 lb in.
A
= + = M
( ) 22, 517 lb in. 360 lb d =
62.548 in. d =
or 5.21ft d =





PROBLEM 3.32
In Problem 3.25, determine the perpendicular distance from point A to a
line drawn through points C and G.
Problem 3.25: The ramp ABCD is supported by cables at corners C
and D. The tension in each of the cables is 360 lb. Determine the moment
about A of the force exerted by (a) the cable at D, (b) the cable at C.

SOLUTION

Have
A CG
T d = M
where perpendicular distance from to line . d A CG =
/ A G A CG
= M r T
( ) ( )
/
108 in. 92 in.
G A
= + r i j

CG CG CG
T = T
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2 2 2
24 in. 132 in. 120 in.
360 lb
24 132 120 in.
+
=
+ +
i j k

( ) ( ) ( ) 48 lb 264 lb 240 lb = + i j k
108 92 0 lb in.
48 264 240
A
=

i j k
M
( ) ( ) ( ) 22, 080 lb in. 25, 920 lb in. 32, 928 lb in. = + + i j k
and ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
22, 080 25, 920 32, 928 47, 367 lb in.
A
= + + = M
( ) 47, 367 lb in. 360 lb d =
131.575 in. d = or 10.96 ft d =



PROBLEM 3.33
In Problem 3.25, determine the perpendicular distance from point B to a
line drawn through points D and E.
Problem 3.25: The ramp ABCD is supported by cables at corners C
and D. The tension in each of the cables is 360 lb. Determine the moment
about A of the force exerted by (a) the cable at D, (b) the cable at C.

SOLUTION

Have
B DE
T d = M
where perpendicular distance from to line . d B DE =
/ B E B DE
= M r T
( ) ( )
/
108 in. 92 in.
E B
= + r i j
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2 2 2
24 in. 132 in. 120 in.
360 lb
24 132 120 in.
DE DE DE
T
+
= =
+ +
i j k
T
( ) ( ) ( ) 48 lb 264 lb 240 lb = + i j k
108 92 0 lb in.
48 264 240
B
=

i j k
M
( ) ( ) ( ) 22, 080 lb in. 25, 920 lb in. 32, 928 lb in. = i j k
and ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
22, 080 25, 920 32, 928 47, 367 lb in.
B
= + + = M
( ) 47, 367 lb in. 360 lb d =
131.575 in. d =
or 10.96 ft d =





PROBLEM 3.34
Determine the value of a which minimizes the perpendicular distance
from point C to a section of pipeline that passes through points A and B.

SOLUTION



Assuming a force F acts along AB,
( )
/ C AC
F d = = M r F
where
perpendicular distance from to line d C AB =
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
8 m 7 m 9 m
8 7 9 m
AB
F F
+
= =
+ +
i j k
F
( ) ( ) ( ) 0.57437 0.50257 0.64616 F = + i j k
( ) ( ) ( )
/
1m 2.8 m 3 m
AC
a = r i j k
1 2.8 3
0.57437 0.50257 0.64616
C
a F =

i j k
M
( ) ( ) 0.30154 0.50257 2.3693 0.57437 a a = + +

i j
] 2.1108 F + k
Since ( )
2
2 2
/ /
or
C AC AC
dF = = M r F r F
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2
0.30154 0.50257 2.3693 0.57437 2.1108 a a d + + + =
Setting
( )
2
0
d
d
da
= to find a to minimize d
( )( ) 2 0.50257 0.30154 0.50257a +
( )( ) 2 0.57437 2.3693 0.57437 0 a + =
Solving 2.0761m a =
or 2.08 m a =

PROBLEM 3.35
Given the vectors P = 7i 2j + 5k, Q = 3i 4j + 6k, and S = 8i +
j 9k, compute the scalar products , P Q , P S and . Q S

SOLUTION
( ) ( ) 7 2 5 3 4 6 = + + P Q i j k i j k
( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) 7 3 2 4 5 6 = + +
17 =
or 17 = P Q
( ) ( ) 7 2 5 8 9 = + + P S i j k i j k
( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) 7 8 2 1 5 9 = + +
9 =
or 9 = P S
( ) ( ) 3 4 6 8 9 = + + Q S i j k i j k
( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) 3 8 4 1 6 9 = + +
82 =
or 82 = Q S





PROBLEM 3.36
Form the scalar products B C and , B C where , B B = and use the
results obtained to prove the identity
( ) ( )
1 1
2 2
cos cos cos cos . = + +

SOLUTION



By definition
( ) cos BC = B C
where ( ) ( ) cos sin B = +

B i j
( ) ( ) cos sin C = +

C i j
( )( ) ( )( ) ( ) cos cos sin sin cos B C B C BC + =
or ( ) cos cos sin sin cos + = (1)
By definition
( ) cos BC = + B C
where ( ) ( ) cos sin =

B i j
( )( ) ( )( ) ( ) cos cos sin sin cos B C B C BC + = +
or ( ) cos cos sin sin cos = + (2)
Adding Equations (1) and (2),
( ) ( ) 2cos cos cos cos = + +
or ( ) ( )
1 1
cos cos cos cos
2 2
= + +