LIGHT SOURCES

6-25
150
140
130
120
110
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PRIMARY VOLTAGE IN PER CENT
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ADMEDIUM
SCREW BASE
-STARTING
RESISTOR
STARTING
ELECTRODE
MAIN
ELECTRODES:

UPPER
LOWER
-ARC TUBE
t-OUTERTUBE
FIG.
6-18. Type A-H4,
vapor lamp.
mercury
-
FIG. 6-17. Effect of voltage on
the operating characteristics of type
A-HI, 400-watt, mercury-vapor
lamps.
Type H5 produces 40 lumens per watt. The type C-H5 lamp has been
employed to some extent for outdoor floodlighting and highway tunnel
lighting.
Type H6. The 1,000-watt, type A-H6 mercury lamp consists of a
capillary quartz tube about
If
inches long, having an outside diameter of
I
inch and a bore of
A
inch. Sealed into each end is a tungsten wire
which serves both as electrode and lead. The tips of these wires project
just through the surface of a small mercury pool in each end of the lamp.
The pressure in the capillary when the lamp is not operating is about one
fifteenth of an atmosphere, the pressure of the argon gas with which the
lamp is filled. The lamp reaches its full brightness in 1 or 2 seconds after
power is applied, the heat from the arc quickly vaporizing the mercury
and building up the pressure to about 110 atmospheres (1,620 pounds per
square inch).
24
Because of the high wattage concentrated in such a small volume, in
order to maintain reasonable operating temperature it is necessary that
water be passed over the capillary tube fast enough to prevent the forma-
tion of steam bubbles on its quartz surface. To accomplish this, a "ve-
locity tube" is placed around the lamp with a very small radial clearance
through which the water must flow. Because the cross section of the
water path is so restricted, sufficient velocity to prevent steam formation
is attained with a water flow of about 3 quarts per minute. More than
90 per cent of the infrared radiation is absorbed by the circulating water.
The lamp produces 65,000 lumens with a maximum surface brightness
of 195,000 candles per square inch (one fifth the brightness of the sun).
Because heat storage is small and cooling rapid, type H6 lamps may be
restarted at once after the current has been turned off. During life, the
lamp voltage gradually increases and the current and the wattage decrease.