RESEARCH PROJECT REPORT

IMPORTANCE OF TRAVEL
AGENCIES IN THE HOTEL
INDUSTRY
SUBMITTED BY:SUMIT SHOKEEN
ROLL NO; 094622
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF:
MS. HARMANJOT KAUR
GUIDES CERTIFICATE

I have the pleasure to certify that
__________________________ a student of IHM MANDI
GOBINDGARH, has pursed his research or! and
prepared the present dissertation "ro#ect, under $y
supervision and %uidance & 'he present dissertation is the
result of this on research to the (est of $y !noled%e&
'his is (ein% su($itted to the Institute for Inte%rated in
)earnin% Mana%e$ent for the "artial ful*ll$ent of the
re+uire$ents of the three year full, ti$e de%ree in hotel
Mana%e$ent&
Guides -i%nature
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This Project Work is a successful out come of my hard work with the
help and guidance of my respected Sir.
I sincerely acknowledge the contribution of the suggestions
given by ___________________ without which his project could
never become a reality.
Last but not least I acknowledge all my friends who gave me suggestion
and full support in carrying out research for the topic.
CONTENTS
CHAPTER PARTICULARS
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
OBJECTIVES
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
LIMITATION OF STUDY
CHAPTER II
THEOROTICAL FRAMEWORK
CHAPTER III
DATA ANALYSE
CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX/ QUESTIONNAIRE
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
OBJECTIVES
RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
LIMITATION OF STUDY
INTRODUCTION
travel agency is a retail business, that sells travel related
products and services to customers, on behalf of suppliers,
such as airlines, car rentals, cruise lines, hotels, railways,
sightseeing tours and package holidays that combine several
products. In addition to dealing with ordinary tourists, most
travel agencies have a separate department devoted to making
travel arrangements for business travelers and some travel
agencies specialize in commercial and business travel only.
There are also travel agencies that serve as general sales
agents for foreign travel companies, allowing them to have
ofces in countries other than where their headquarters are
located.
OBJECTIVE
TO STUDY THE ROLE OF TRAVEL AGENCY IN THE
HOTEL INDUSTRY.
TO STUDY THE ROLE & RESPONSIBILITY OF TOURISM
AGENCY IN HOTEL INDUSTRY.
TO STUDY THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRAVEL &
HOTEL INDUSTRY.
TO FIND OUT THE WHY NEED TRAVEL AGENCY IN A
HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY.
TO FIND OUT THE ORIGION OF TRAVEL AGENCY.
TO FIND OUT THE TYPE OF TRAVEL AGENCY.
TO FIND OUT THE OPERATIONS OF TRAVEL AGENCY..
TO STUDY THE TRAVEL DESTINATION IN INDIA.
METHEDOLOGY
The Research Methods may be defned as those methods /
techniques that are used for conducting the research.
Research methods can be put into the following three groups.
a.In the frst group, we include those methods which are
concerned with the collection of data, these methods will
be used where the data already avail able are not
sufcient to arrive at the required solution.
b.The second group consists of those statistical
Techniques, which are used for establishing relationship
between variables.
c.The third group consists of those methods which are
used to evaluate the accuracy of the results obtained.
Research methods refer to the behaviour and
instruments used in selecting and constructing
research techniques.
LIMITATIONS
1. Small universe
The Universe for this study is too small therefore the
fndings may not truly represent the conditions in the entire
industry.
2. Problem of Accessibility
it was very difcult in approaching the executives or
the Guest as they would be busy, Despite prior
appointments, they were unaccessable at times being
engaged elsewhere.
3. Constraints of time
The respondents due to non availability of time could
not discuss many aspects of the topic in depth.
CHAPTER II
THEOROTICAL
FRAMEWORK
ROLE OF TRAVEL IN THE HOTEL INDUSTRY
As the name implies, a travel agency's main function is to act
as an agent, that is to say, selling travel products and services
on behalf of a supplier. Consequently, unlike other retail
businesses, they do not keep a stock in hand. A package
holiday or a ticket is not purchased from a supplier unless a
customer requests that purchase. The holiday or ticket is
supplied to them at a discount. The proft is therefore the
diference between the advertised price which the customer
pays and the discounted price at which it is supplied to the
agent. This is known as the commission. A British travel agent
would consider a 10-12% commission as a good arrangement.
In Australia, all individuals or companies that sell tickets are
required to be licensed as a travel agent.
In some countries, airlines have stopped giving commission to
travel agencies. Therefore, travel agencies are now forced to
charge a percentage premium or a standard fat fee, per sale.
However, some companies still give them a set percentage for
selling their product. Major tour companies can aford to do
this, because if they were to sell a thousand trips at a cheaper
rate, they still come out better than if they sell a hundred trips
at a higher rate. This process benefts both parties.
Other commercial operations are undertaken, especially by the
larger chains. These can include the sale of in-house
insurance, travel guide books and timetables, car rentals, and
the services of an on-site Bureau de change, dealing in the
most popular holiday currencies.
The majority of travel agents have felt the need to protect
themselves and their clients against the possibilities of
commercial failure, either their own or a supplier's. They will
advertise the fact that they are surety bonded, meaning in the
case of a failure, the customers are guaranteed either an
equivalent holiday to that which they have lost or if they prefer,
a refund. Many British and American agencies and tour
operators are bonded with the International Air Transport
Association (IATA), for those who issue air tickets, Air Travel
Organisers' Licensing (ATOL) for those who order tickets in,
the Association of British Travel Agents (ABTA) or the
American Society of Travel Agents (ASTA), for those who sell
package holidays on behalf of a tour company.
A travel agent is supposed to ofer impartial travel advice to
the customer. However, this function almost disappeared with
the mass-market package holiday and some agency chains
seemed to develop a 'holiday supermarket' concept, in which
customers choose their holiday from brochures on racks and
then book it from a counter. Again, a variety of social and
economic changes have now contrived to bring this aspect to
the fore once more, particularly with the advent of multiple,
no-frills, low-cost airlines.
Tour Operators
Creating tours and travel activities
Ofering these to customers
Through travel agencies or
Directly via the Web
Four main frms dominate:
TUI (Thomson)
Thomas Cook
MyTravel
First Choice
ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES
Travel and tourism organisations have
responsibilities to:
Customers
Other businesses that depend on them
The whole industry
TOURISM INDUSTRY
TOUR OPERATORS & DISTRIBUTORS
Providing the nuts and bolts of the industry:
Hotels, villas, apartments, B&B, camping parks
Packages of travel tours to popular locations
Selling the travel product/service to individual and
business consumers
Four dominant frms
TUI (Thomson)
First Choice
MyTravel
Thomas Cook
All vertically integrated, operating at more than one level
in market
TOUR DISTRIBUTORS
Usually includes business and leisure travel agents:
Some large and well-known
Some small and independent
Others in niche parts of market
Can you think of examples of each?
THE TRAVEL & TOURISM INDUSTRY
Travel and tourism is one of the worlds largest industries
It is also one of the most fragmented
The two aspects of the industry can be viewed separately,
as many of the players are involved in both
Lets look at each part of the industry on its own

DISTRIBUTORS
The people, groups or frms that deliver the products and
services of travel to consumers.
These include:
travel agents (business and leisure)
tour operators selling direct to the consumer
frms selling on the Internet
call centres handling customer service
PUBLIC SECTOR ORGANISATIONS
Government departments with responsibility for the industry:
Department for Transport (DfT)
Department for Culture, Media & Sport (DCMS)
Foreign and Commonwealth Ofce (FCO)
TRANSPORT
Delivery of travel products and services by:
Road
Air
Sea
Rail
REGULATORY BODIES
Consortium of Independent Tour Operators
Federation of Tour Operators
People1st (Skills Council for Tourism, Hospitality and
Leisure)
Regional Development Agencies (RDAs)
PUBLIC SECTOR ORGANISATIONS
DCMS
Visit Britain
Regional Development Agencies
FCO
English Heritage
Accommodation Providers
Hotel chains
New trends, such as budget hotels
Bed and breakfast
Youth Hostel Association
Villas and country houses
Regulatory Bodies
Regulators exist to control an industry to
ensure that public, business and consumers
rights are protected
The Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) is one of
the travel and tourism industrys main
regulators
Customers
Have expectations, such as:
Good service
Quality products and services
Efective complaints procedures
Protection from improper business practice
TRAVEL DESTINATION AT INDIA
Bounded by the majestic Himalayan ranges in the north and
edged by an endless stretch of golden beaches, India is a vivid
kaleidoscope of landscapes, magnifcent historical sites and
royal cities, misty mountain retreats, colourful people, rich
cultures and festivities.

The timeless mystery and beauty of India has been waiting for
you for 5000 years, always warm and inviting, a place of
infnite variety - one that favours you with diferent facets of its
fascination every time you visit India.
Indian Enchanted Circuits
Lose yourself in the wonders, that is India. Meander through
lands steeped in chivalry and pageantry that being before
recorded history. Explore modern cities that have grown,
organically from the roots of multi-hued past. Abandon
yourself to culture, art and aesthetics in a bewildering variety
of moods, forms and manifestations.
Make a pilgrimage to holy shrines that echo with tales of
antiquity. Frolic at a vast array of golden beaches that dot an
enviable coastline, washed by tow seas and an ocean. Sport
with adventure in style, whether on land, sea or air. Let the
jungle lure you to a fascinating world at a diverse array of
wildlife sanctuaries and national parks....
Indian travel agents ofers indian destinations tour packages,
neatly packed for you. Tours plan, you should logged on
itineraries page.
THE GOLDEN
TRIANGLE
THE HEART OF
HERITAGE
THE BEACHES OF
INDIA
THE BACK WATERS OF
KERALA
THE LURE OF
JUNGLE
THE NORTH EAST

DELHI - AGRA - JAIPUR
This triangle of three cities,
perfectly captures the
pageantry of India. A
gorgeous panorama of
majestic architectural
creation and a rich tradition
of wonderful breathtaking art and culture.
Here you can see some of the images that epitomize India. The
marble symphony of Shahjahan's Taj Mahal, the imperial
elegance of Lutyens' New Delhi, the splendor of the desert city
of Jaipur. Every city ofers its unique blend of sights, sounds
and experiences. From the opulence of modern India. We
would recommend that you start your tour at Delhi, which is
connected to most cities in the world.

A Capital Way To Begin Your Discovery Of India
Delhi - a canvas that refects the complexities, contradictions,
beauty and dynamism of a city where the past co-exit with the
present. Many dynasties ruled from here and the city is rich in
architecture of its monuments. In the three thousand years of
its existence. Seven cities have risen where the present capital
of India stands. Where medieval palaces and bazaars exist
beside a modern metropolis. Delhi is a city waiting to be
explored.
Reach: By Air - connections to all major world cities and
important Indian cities. By Rail - linked with most Indian
destinations. By Road - Agra 200 kms, Jaipur 250 kms and
links to neighbouring states.
Places Of Interest : Qutab Minar, Purana Qila, Humayun's
Tomb, Jama Masjid, Red Fort, India Gate, Jantar Mantar,
Parliament House, Lakshmi Narayan Temple, Raj Ghat, Teen
Murti House and Lotus Temple.

The Land Of World's Wonder - Taj Mahal
Agra is the quintessential Mughal city, that was the capital of
their empire in the 16th and 17th centuries. Agra is not
merely rich legacies of Mughal history - it is the fnest
examples of architecture which combined Hindu and Muslims
traditions and culture. Discover Agra's other architectural
marvels. And in narrow lanes that still carry the favuor of
their Mughal past, discover the dazzling creations of their
craftsmen.
Reach : By Air - connected by daily Boeing fights. By Rail -
well connected to Delhi, Jaipur and other major towns. By
Road - links from Delhi and Jaipur.
Places Of Interest : Taj Mahal, Agra Fort, Itmad- Ud-Daulah's
Tomb, Chini-Ka-Rauza, Ram Bagh, Sikandra, Fatehpur Sikri.

The City Of Lobe Legends And Lore
The capital of Rajasthan, this picturesque city is a symphony
in pink, known as 'Pink City'. Built by Raja Jai Singh in the
18th century, it is surrounded by hills topped with rugged
fortresses, dotted with fairy- tale palaces. Ambling camels and
brightly- dressed peasants, refect Jaipur's desert heritage.
While teeming markets display a profusion of handlooms and
crafts.
Reach : By Air - connected by air from Delhi, Bombay,
Jodhpur. Udaipur. Aurangabad and Bombay By Rail - services
from Delhi, Bikaner, Jodhpur, Udaipur, Ahmedabad. By Road
- linked with Bombay, Delhi and major towns.
Places Of Interest : City Palace, Amber Fort, Jaigarh Fort,
Nahargarh Fort, Sisodia Garden, Hawa Mahal, Jantar Mantar,
Central Museum, Maharaja Sawai Man Singh Museum.
ALLEPPEY-COCHIN-KUMARAKOM--QUILON
Kerala is said to have sprung
from the ocean. All along its
coast, these exotic
backwaters, canals, lagoons
and inlets create an intricate
maze that stretches for
1900km across the land. Begin your journey at Allapuzha
foating slowly past coconut palms dipping down towards the
water and serene villages, as the moving landscape creates a
living portrait of Kerala's rural life. Other country crafts will go
by some carrying a load of fresh bananas or coir, others flled
with people traveling to nearby villages.
Another exciting snake boat Race is held during the Great
Elephant March in January. The luxurious way to enjoy the
backwaters of Kerala is on one of the luxury cruises. Elegantly
furnished and completely equipped to handle anything from a
conference to a holiday cruise. If you are looking for a relaxing
idyllic holiday in a picturesque setting the palm trees and sun
dipped waterways of Kerala waits for you.
The boundless Beauty Of Back Waters
Alleppey known as Allapuzha is the most important city of the
state, has earned for the place its sobriquet " The Venice Of
The East". The large network of the canals provides Alleppey
its life line. It has a long sand beach, which is very
spectacular. This busy city, a center for coir and carpet
industries. It is an ideal headquarter for backwaters touring.
Alleppey is also known for its spectacular Snake Boat races
held on the second Saturday of August every year.
Reach : By Air - nearest airport is Cochin 70 kms. By Rail -
well connected with major towns. By Road - one and half hour
drive from Cochin By Ferry - connected with Kumarakom,
Kottayam, Quilon, and Cochin.
Places of Interest : Backwaters Tour, Krishnapuram Palace,
Ambalappuzha, Sri Nagaraja Temple 32 kms. enroute to
Quilon.

The Queen of Arabian
Sea
Come to Cochin. Queen of the Arabian sea. Believed to be the
fnest natural harbour in the world. With ferry rides
commanding its breathtaking view. As you cruise around man-
made islands with lush green lawns sloping down to the
water's edge. Giant Chinese fshing nets that billow from
massive teak and bamboo poles dot the entrance to the
harbour. Silhouetted against the setting sun, they present a
magnifcent sight of the water front. Cochin is the oldest
European settlement in India.
Reach : By Air - linked with direct air services from Delhi,
Bombay, Madras, Goa, Trivandrum, Hyderabad . By Rail -
Ernakulam Junction and Ernakulam town stations are
connected by all major cities. By Road - well connected with
all major destination of India.
Places Of Interest : Mantacherry Palace, Synagogue,
Museum, Vypeen and Gundu islands, Chinese Fishing Nets
and Kath Kali Centers.

The Birds Retreat
One of the shores of enchanting Vembanad lake 16 kms from
Kottayam, an ideal place for backwaters cruises. There is 14
acre Bird Sanctuary situated on eastern banks of Vembanad
Lake. Bound by Vembanad Lake on two sides, the swaying
paddy felds, on one side and a Bird Sanctuary on the other.
You could sail the backwaters in houseboats, which are poled
by local oarsmen and are simply furnished with living room a
bedroom and bath, together with raised central platform
creating private sit-out for you. A unique experience of stay
and joy.
Reach : By Air - nearest airport is Cochin 76 kms. By Rail -
nearest Railhead is Kottayam 16 kms. By Road - well
connected with major destinations of Southern India. By Ferry
- one & half hour journey by speedboat.
Places Of Interest : Kumarakom Bird Sanctuary and
backwaters tour.

The Picturesque City Of
Ports
The picturesque city of ports is on the banks beautiful
Ashtamudi lake. Quilon is an inviting gate way to backwaters.
Traces of once prosperous trade with China are still seen in
form of Chinese fshing nets, water pots, blue & white
porcelain and sampan-like boats. For the most intense
backwater experience, take a house boat tour to Alleppey - a
rigorous ride lasting more than 8 hours. As the boat putters
from one village on the water front to another you are treated
to a full range of lives and activities.
Reach : By Air - nearest airport is Trivandrum 71 kms. By
Rail - nearest railhead is Trivandrum. By Road - Trivandrum
71 kms, well connected with other major town of Southern
India.
Places of Interest: Backwater village tours, Thirumullavaram,
Palaruvi Water Falls, Shasthancottah Lake: the largest fresh
water lake in Kerala (29 kms).
CORBETT- KANHA- BANDHAVGARH- SARISKA-
RANTHAMBHOR - KEOLADEO- PERIYAR- BANDIPUR- GIR-
MANAS
The total area of India's protected wilderness is approximately
140,000sq km and
constitutes 4 percent of the
country's total land area. The
emphasis has not only been
on protecting wildlife in
reserved forests, but in areas
where man and animal continue to live in harmony.
The country's protected wilderness consists of 75 National
Parks and 421 Sanctuaries, of which 19 fall under the purview
of Project Tiger. Its climatic and geographic diversity makes it
the home of over 350 mammals and 1,200 bird species, many
of which are unique to the subcontinent. The land of the tiger
and the elephant, the peacock and the rhinoceros, India's
wildlife is a delight for the nature lover. The wildlife parks and
sanctuaries spread across the country ofer a fascinating
diversity of terrain, fora and fauna.

The Wild Land Of Himalayas
Located in the Patlidun Valley at the base of the Himalayas in
Uttar Pradesh, Corbett was established in 1936 in area of 520
sq. kms. , as the Hailey National Park. India's frst national
park and the frst sanctuary to come under project Tiger,
Corbett supports a variety of vegetation making it the ideal
habitat for the tiger and its prey. The prominent fauna: Tiger,
leopard, elephant, sloth bear, jungle cat, fshing cat, dhole,
yellow-throated marten, Himalayan palm civet.
Reach : By Air - nearest airport is Delhi. . By Rail - nearest
railhead is Ramnagar By Road - Ramnagar 50 kms. Delhi 290
kms.

The Density Of Fauna
No other wildlife reserve in India ofers the density of fauna,
found at Kanha in the state of Madhya Pradesh. Often called
Tiger Land. Kanha is located in a horse shoe shaped valley
bound by two distinct spurs, and supports 22 species of
mammals in the central parkland and the adjoining plateaus.
Over the years, animals at Kanha have become bolder and
more confdent, making the park excellent for wildlife viewing
and photography of tiger, leopard, barasingha, gaur, sambhar,
chausingha, nilgai, barking deer, black buck, red jungle fowl.
Reach : By Air - nearest airport is Nagpur. By Rail - nearest
railhead is Jabalpur 160 kms. By Road - Mandla 65 kms.
Nagpur 266 kms.
Recalling The Past
Located in the Vindhya Hills, Bandhavgarh encompasses hills
covered with a mixed forest of sal, dhobin and saga and large
stretches of grassland with bamboo groves. Dominated by a
large fort said to have been built by Lord Rama, the hero of the
Indian epic Ramayana, Bandhavgarh is famous for its tigers.
jungle cat, hyena.
Reach : By Air - nearest airport is Khajuraho. By Rail -
nearest railhead is Umaria. By Road - Umaria 35 kms.
Khajuraho 210 kms.
The Home Of
Tigers
The landscape of Sariska is dominated by sharp clifs of hills
and narrow valleys of the Aravali. The forests are dry
deciduous. Within the sanctuary there are the ruins of
medieval buildings. The ruins of temples of Garh- Rajor of the
10th centuries are scattered in the jungle. A 17th century
castle on a sharp hilltop at Kankwari, provides a panoramic
view of fying Egyptian vultures and eagles.
Reach : By Air - Nearest airport is Jaipur. By Rail - Nearest
railhead is Alwar. By Road - Alwar 37 kms, Delhi 200 kms
and Jaipur 107 kms.
Gateway To The Tigers' Den
Experience of royal past and encounter with majestic tiger. The
great Ranthambhor Fort perched atop a creek 200 mts. high.
Ranthambhor is said to have India's friendliest tigers. Assured
of protection, they have changed their nocturnal habits and
are seen quite frequently during the day. Sprawled over the
Aravali and Vindhya mountain ranges. A system of three
artifcial lakes enhances beauty of the park.
Reach : By Air - Nearest airport is Jaipur 132 kms. By Rail -
Nearest railhead is Sawai Madhopur. By Road - Nearest town
is Sawai Madhopur 14 kms.

Exotic Migratory Birds
Sanctuary
The frst wildlife park on the Golden Triangle of tourism is
Keoladeo, 55km from the Agra. The rich aquatic plant and
animal life in the shallow, fresh-water marsh of Bharatpur has
been attracting resident and migratory aquatic birds in
thousands since times immemorial. It has a recorded history
of 100 years of duck shoots. There are over 353 species,
belonging to 56 families. The Siberian Cranes visit no other
waters in India, except the marshes of Keoladeo. For the
number and variety of birds to be seen, Keoladeo is matchless.
Reach : By Air - nearest airports are Agra & Jaipur. By Rail -
nearest railhead is Bharatpur 3 kms. By Road - Agra 55kms,
Delhi 212 kms.

Most Picturesque Reserve
Periyar is one of India's most picturesque reserves. A dam
constructed on the periyar river led to the submersion of a
large forest area and the formation of a 55 sq. kms lake, which
assured the local wildlife a perennial source of water and led
to its rapid growth. The home of elephant, tiger, mouse deer,
wild dog porcupine, lion tailed macaque, fying squirrel.
Reach : By Air - nearest airport is Kochi By Rail - nearest
railhead is Kottayam 114 kms. By Road - Kumily 4 kms. Kochi
200 kms.
Evergreen Open Forest
Part of the lushly-forested Deccan Plateau, Bandipur in
Karnataka, ofers a rich and varied wildlife habitat. Covered
with a mix of deciduous forests, evergreen forests and scrub
well irrigated by the Moyar river, the prominent fauna: Asian
elephant, wild pig, four-horned antelope, black-napped hare.
Bandipur has a fairly open forest foor, making it easy for
visitors to spot wildlife.
Reach : By Air - Nearest airport is Bangalore. By Rail -
Nearest railhead is Nanjangud . By Road - Bangalore 60 kms,
Gundulpet 20 kms, Nanjangud 55 kms.
The Wild Palace Of The King
The last surviving population of the Asiatic lion can be seen at
the Gir National park. Located in the Saurashtra peninsula in
Gujarat .Gir is composed of terrain with steep rocky hills, deep
ravines and occasional stretches of grasslands. Irrigated by
many rivers, the park supports a mixed semi-arid deciduous
forest.
Reach : By Air - nearest airport is Keshod. By Rail - nearest
railhead is Sasan. By Road - Veraval 42 kms, Keshod 80 kms.

Blend Of Flora And Fauna
The Manas river divides the lush mixed deciduous forests that
run through India to Bhutan. On both sides, the habitat is
zealously protected as it houses no less than 20 species of
birds and animals that are highly endangered and listed in the
IUCN Red Data Book 'Manas' is also the primary habitat of the
rare golden langur, wild bufalo, hispid hare, pigmy hog,
capped langur, India one-horned rhinoceros, water bufalo,
elephant, tiger and hog deer.
NORTH INDIA - LAND OF ROMANCE
Youve arrived at Delhi. The months of planning and curiosity
are over; youre actually in India. Every experience, every
sound, every smell shouts that youve arrived somewhere
magical, somewhere Special. It is here that the deep love of
one man for one woman created the Taj Mahal; where the King
of Kings ruled; where the sacred Ganges fows past holy cities;
where the Himalayas stand silent and magnifcent; where
5000 years of culture waits to be absorbed.
Delhi - the Old and the New
Delhi is above all an historic city, an elegant capital, content to
leave to Calcutta and Bombay the roles of commercial and
business supremacy. It is in fact really two distinct cities; the
energy and colour and the thronged bazaars and Moghul
architecture of Old Delhi contrast with the formal splendour of
New Delhi, whose wide boulevards ofer ever-changing
perspectives of Lutyens landscaped city. Delhi has several
world-famous luxury hotels, with the comfort and style to
ensure relaxation after your journey; from here, set forth to
experience the sights and sounds of the city. The gracious Red
Fort, the Jama Masjid (the largest mosque in India), the Qutab
Minar complex with its soaring tower - all are waiting to be
explored. Allows some time to wander round the inexpensive
modern shops and handicraft centres. Magicians and dancing
bears entertain crowds in the marketplaces, while fortune
tellers may ofer glimpses of the future. The heat of the day
gives way to balmy evenings; enjoy a meal in one of the many
splendid restaurants, the exotic music of sitars and veenas
and the subtle rhythms of the tabla accompanying the
delicious cuisines from throughout the country. Flights and
trains and buses run from Delhi all over north India, so it is
always easy to reach the next destination.
The Romance of the 'Golden Triangle'
There are so many wonders in the area south of Delhi known
as the Golden Triangle; in this area is the sublime, world
famous Mahal, the old ghost city of Fatehpur Sikri, and the
exotic pink city of Jaipur in Rajasthan. Agra can be visited
frst, as it is only 200 kilometres south of Delhi, Weep at the
beauty of the Taj where love created the worlds most beautiful
building, and spend a day wandering around the huge and
truly magnifcent Red Fort. Here the romantic emperor who
built the Taj was imprisoned by his own son, and one can sit
in the room where he died looking at his own masterpiece. The
road from here leads to Fatehpur Sikri. The glorious Moghul
courtyards and palaces conjure up dreams of the mysterious
wonders of the past - a golden age of tragedy and love, the
harem of beautiful wives enclosed in the womens quarters, of
powerful emperors, of magical prophesies and potent charms.
Southeast of Delhi, in the state of Madhya Pradesh, are the
sculptured temples of Khajuraho where enormous friezes of
entwined human fgures practise the arts of love. Nowhere
else in the world is mankinds sensual nature celebrated in
such intriguing and graceful tableaux. By now one will
understand a tiny part of India, but even this will not prepare
the traveller for the exotix fantasy of the State of Rajasthan.
The region was controlled for thousands of years by a warrior
race of honour and valour who would fght to certain death to
protect their homeland, and the landscape is dotted with their
impressive battle-scarred forts. A proud and beautiful people
in their many-coloured garments will extend a warm welcome
in this powerful land of kings. Nowadays, anyone can be a king
or queen for a while by staying in a fairy-tale palace on one of
the beautiful lakes in Udaipur. From here, the Arabian nights
fantasy can be extended to magical Jaisalmer a yellow city
with every building radiating the colour of the sun. Every
dream of riding a camel or seeing a tiger stalking in the
distance will come to life in glorious Rajasthan.
The Timeless Ganga
It is commonly believed that bathing in the Ganges (Ganga) at
certain holy places purifes the soul. The Ganges is a sacred
and holy river, worshipped by the Hindus, and numerous holy
towns line its banks, all waiting to be explored: Varanasi,
Allahabad, Rishikesh and Hardwar are some of the more
famous, and it is a delightful experience to mingle with the
thronging crowd of pilgrims. This is yet another experience of
India, no less fascinating and no less mysterious. It is uplifting
to see one of the oldest religions in the world still so alive and
passionately followed. The eternal city of Varanasi is quite
diferent again a mass of winding narrow alleys and
picturesque lanes full of colourful pilgrims, wandering sadhus
(holy men), Hindu priests (Brahmins) giving oferings to the
gods, sights and sounds all mingling with the aroma of
incense wafting from ancient Hindu temples. In the clear early
morning light pilgrims perform their devotions on the steps
leading down to the river, women bathe discreetly in their
colorful saris and groups of children, no less colourful with
fashing smiles and dark shining eyes, play nearby. The
delightful holy towns of Rishikesh and Hardwar can be visited
in the way up to the cool of the mountains, the shimmering
grandeur of towering peaks, the fragrant fresh air...
The Majesty of the Himalayas
On the journey towards the peaks of the Himalayas yet
another totally diferent and magnifcent experience beckons.
Imagine standing alone in the top of the world with the
swirling white clouds beneath you and yet another snowy ridge
towering ahead. Journeys can easily be made to silvery
Kashmir, cool and beautiful Shimla, or the lush green Kulu
Valley, Relax sitting on the balcony of one of the beautiful
hotels in the mountains, breathing in the clear mountain air.
WEST INDIA - THE WARM WEST
After the vibrant atmosphere of Bombay, allow the palm-
fringed beaches of Goa to warm your spirit in the sun and
relax your mind. Or meditate in cool and ancient Buddhist
caves tunnelled out of solid rock on the craggy hillsides - a
dramatic contrast from the colourful fairs and festivals in
unspoiled Gujarat. The choice is once again tremendous in
this land that ofers everything.
Mumbai - Gateway of India
There is a powerful life force at work in this thriving, modern
commercial city, with its plateglass skyscrapers and hectic
colorful street life. The pace and confusion is vibrant, with
businessmen hurrying to work, hooting trafc, fsherwomen in
their bright sarees and tifnwallahs hurrying with their metal
containers to deliver the businessmans lunch direct from his
home to his ofce. After relaxing on Chowpatty beach under
the cool evening sky, sipping refreshing milk from a large green
coconut, you will start to love Bombay. You will feel ready to
visit the elegant and world famous Taj Mahal hotel for a
delicious snack or drink while watching the sunset over the
many boats in the harbour. In the luxury and quiet of a hotel
room, sightseeing can be planned. Consider a visit to the lofty
Hanging Gardens next door to the intriguing Towers of Silence;
or maybe win a million at the beautiful Mahalaxmi
Racecourse, one of the fnest in India. A glamorous day visiting
the famous Bombay flm studios can be arranged, and perhaps
a chat with one of the many flm stars. Relive the ancient
stories of the Hindu gods sculpted on the walls of caves at
Elephanta. This well known island, where monkeys scamper
across your path, is a short and pleasant boat ride from the
famous landmark in Mumbai - the Gateway of India. When
ready to leave this city of tycoons, commerce, skyscrapers and
flm stars, prepare for adventures of a very diferent kind
which await at its doorstep.
The Magic Around Mumbai
There is so much choice and so many wonders to see around
Bombay. Northwest lies Gujarat, the birthplace of Mahatma
Gandhi, the father of the nation. The region is famous for
exclusive garments and hand made silk saris, and for being
the last refuge of the Asian lions, found deep in the Gir Forest.
Join in with the village people in their brightly coloured
costume rejoicing in one of the many festivals and fairs that
abound in this state.
Ahmedabad, the principal textile city of the country, is well
known for the Sabarmati Ashram founded by Mahatma
Gandhi, where his ideals of peace and non-violence are still
promoted; visitors are welcome. As Jawaharlal Nehru
observed, this great man of indomitable spirit was certainly
not of the common clay that all of us are made of. Mahatma
Gandhis birthplace can be seen at the fshing village of
Porbandar. A greater and even more ancient wonder awaits
east of Bombay in Maharashtra, where the thirty Buddhist
caves at Ajanta which are cut into the steep face of a deep rock
gorge sit in silent contemplation. Feel the aura and power left
behind by the Buddhist monks living 2000 years ago.
Compare them with the dynamism and energy radiating from
the huge Hindu caves in nearby Ellora. Imagine the workers
carving a way at solid rock on the hillside to form the thirty-
four Hindu, Buddhist and Jain Caves with the stories of their
religions and beliefs etched onto the walls. Stay at one of the
cool and relaxing hill stations such as Matheran or
Mahabaleshwar, popular with the inhabitants of Bombay. Take
an evening stroll around the peaceful Bund Gardens in
pleasant and airy Pune. All these adventures will entertain
and fascinate in the magic and beauty around Mumbai.
Goa - Sun, Sand and Sea
Relax and experience the idyllic peace that only India can give
in sunny Goa. If you have ever dreamt of a warm land of space
and light, where the beaches stretch for silvery miles, where
the glittering sea always beckons you, where the people are
always smiling, where the succulent juice from a bite of ripe
pineapples or papaya drips on your hot skin as you luxuriate
lazily on the white sand, then Goa, a fascinating blend of Latin
and Indian cultures, will be a place where the wish to linger
will be overpowering.
Decide when to sit in the shade under the palm trees sipping
the feni, or lemonade, or when to return to the hot sand to
deepen your tan, or when to swim in the cool refreshing water.
What a problem.
As well as being a place for relaxation, Goa is also lively and
modern, with many westernstyle entertainments. there is a
choice of luxurious hotels with plenty of night life, or simplicity
and tranquillity in one of the inexpensive, clean and
comfortable rooms with their own charm, right on the beach.
The Portuguese infuenced food is mouthwatering. Choose
massive fsh steaks fresh from the sea or a wide and delicious
choice of both continental and Indian dishes. Panaji, the
capital, is an easy-going town with Portuguese styled cafes,
whitewashed churches and overhanging balconies; a delight
after your journey. 0ld Goa, east of Panaji, was once the
capital of the eastern Portuguese Empire. Now, it is little more
than a fascinating small village surrounded by huge convents
and churches dedicated to the zeal of Christianity, including
the Convent and Church of St. Francis of Assisi and the
famous Basilica of Bom Jesus. The mortal remains of St.
Francis Xavier, who spread Christianity among the subjects of
the Portuguese colonies, are entombed here. Which beach to
choose from along the 100km long coastline of silvery sand.
Possibly Colva with its warm turquoise sea and fshermen
hauling in their nets by hand in the clear morning light as
they chant an ancient sea song; or maybe sophisticated
Aguada, with its jet-set beach and sixteenth century fort. Try
the experience of a full-moon party at Anjuna, or mingle with
the variety of people in Calangute selling handicrafts, jewellery
and modern fabrics. Enjoy the old Portuguese fort in Chapora,
surrounded by secluded and sandy beaches and dense green
coconut palms. Visit all the beaches or just adopt one and
make it your home. Wild boar and sambar in their natural
habitat in the hills of the Western Ghats can be seen in
Bondla, one of the Goan wildlife sanctuaries. In addition, the
region is justly famous for its many colourful festivals,
including Mardi Gras, celebrated with Christian fervour.
There are so many delights in Western India and so many
glorious choices; from the vibrant life of commercial Bombay to
the home of the indomitable Mahatma Gandhi then down to
the peace and magic of sunny Goa - the choice is yours.
SOUTH INDIA - A HERITAGE OF CENTURIES
The delightful south; almost untouched by invasions
throughout its history, the Indian heritage is more intact here
than in other regions of the country. This is a land of temples,
a land of the devout where new wonders await - the profusion
of orange fowers, the shade of the banyan tree, and the soft
beat of distant drums as yet another festival starts...
Chennai - A Kaleidoscope of Moods
Chennai is the centre of the Hindu tradition of Bharata
Natyam (classical dancing) the art of temple sculpture also
comes from this part of the country, and gives expression to
both the devoutness and the artistic skills of the Tamil people.
Chennai is the home of the ancient Dravidian civilisation, one
of the oldest articulate cultures in the world. It is a city where
the landscape of the past lives easily with more recent history.
This busy, efcient metropolis is a good centre to plan a
journey over South India. Make use of the international and
domestic airport and the massive network of trains and buses.
The friendliness, sincerity and colourfulness of the people can
slowly be absorbed while taking a stroll over the sandy stretch
of beach known as the Marina, or visiting Fort St. George,
built by the British East India Company. So many of the street
names refect the citys long association with other cultures;
China Bazar Road, Armenian Street, Portuguese Church Street
for instance. In 78 AD, the Apostle St Thomas was martyred in
the city, but the Christian faith now fnds graceful expression
in the many churches, particularly the San Thome Cathedral.
View the whole panorama from the Chennai lighthouse, or
experience the culture from ground level in the temples, art
galleries or museums. Head of in any direction from Chennai
even east, across the Bay of Bengal by boat or plane to Port
Blair in the Andaman Islands; a paradise archipelago, lush
and forested, home of some of the most exotic plant-life in the
world. The crystal clear waters shimmer with tropical fsh, and
the islands are famous for their corals and water-sports
facilities. North of Chennai is the large state of Andhra
Pradesh, rich in archeological and architectural treasures. The
capital, Hyderabad, was once the seat of the fabled Nizams.
The Charminar is a national symbol, and the Salar Jung
Museum a rich repository of the Raj.
A Myriad of Temples
The devout Dravidian people of the south live and breathe
their ancient religion. Nothing, however, can really prepare a
visitor for the temples, where images of the quiet bustle of the
vast halls, the huge gopurams completely covered by coloured
sculptures of gods and goddesses, the sight of bare feet
walking across cool slabs, the heady smell of incense and the
chime of the temple bell rung by priests and the faithful leave
entrancing impressions. Rustic carts drawn by oxen with their
brightly coloured painted horns, smiling villagers harvesting
the hay at the side of the road - these will be some of the
memorable features of the short journey from Chennai to the
famous temple town of Mahabalipuram. A swim of the
glorious beach will refresh you after absorbing the wonders of
the romantic shore temples and of Arjunas Penance, the huge
rock carvings of animals and gods, There are so many
impressive temple towns in South India - nearby Kanchipuram
with its spectacular gopurams, visible from miles away, or
other magical sounding places - Chidambaram, Tanjore,
Tiruchirapalli, and, most of all, the pilgrim centre of Madurai -
one of the oldest cities in Southern India - with its dramatic
and lively Meenakshi temple, dedicated to the fsh-eyed
goddess. Alternatively, for a diferent style of relaxation, visit
the attractive French-style coastal town of Pondicherry, south
of Chennai. In the neighbouring state of Karnataka lie the
stone-carved temples of Belur and Halebid. Relive the exciting
era of the Hoysalas, who fourished around the 12th century,
by examining the endless stories which the sculptural detail
portrays the war, the hunt, the animals, the dancing girls and,
of course the gods. Situated on top of a hill in Sravanabelagola
is the massive statue of Lord Bahubali, dwarfng the
landscape. Lose yourself in the strange and beautiful ruins at
Hampi. Visit Bangalore, the state capital, for another, diferent
taste of Indian urban life; the city is afuent, bustling and
vibrant and -splendidly adorned with trees, parks and
gardens. It is also the most important centre of Indias
nonsmoke industries, including aerospace, machine-tools and
electronics. Further delights are waiting in the gracious
sandalwood city of Mysore, where it is possible to stay in the
one-time home of an ex-Maharajah, now the Lalitha Mahal
Hotel of gleaming white beauty. Incense is manufactured in
the city, and the sweet and fragrant smells of jasmine and rose
and musk will linger in the air and in the memory.
AST INDIA - EXCITEMENT AND TRANQUILLITY

In no time at all the stimulating bustle and heat of Calcutta is
left far behind, opening out to the cool and luscious
mountains of refreshing Darjeeling. Encounter the mighty
range of the Himalayas in Sikkim, the one-horned rhinoceros
in wonderful wildlife reserves, then dream of a forgotten age in
the ancient holy towns on the plains of rural India.
Discover the Soul of Calcutta
Calcutta is the largest city in India, indeed one of the largest in
the world. Established as a British trading post in the 17th
century, the city rapidly grew, acquiring a life and vibrancy of
its own. Its glory is still refected in the buildings of
Chowringhee and Clive Street, know as Jawaharlal Nehru
Road and Netaji Subhash Road respectively. It is a city which
leaves no-one indiferent-fascinating, efervescent, teeming
with life, peoples, cultures. The impact can be a shock at frst;

the rickshaws, cars, brightly painted lorries, trolley buses, the
cries of the street vendors, labourers hard at work on the
construction of the vast underground railway, the noise and
colour of the huge New Market, the bustle of the crowds...but
soon the jumbled impressions will sort themselves out.
Central Calcutta is best viewed in perspective around the
rolling green of the Maidan, 3 square kilometres of parkland
where the early-morning yoga sessions provide for the city
dwellers a relaxation from the stresses of urban life. For
relaxation of another kind, visit the Indian Museum, one of the
fnest in Asia. Other attractions include the huge white marble
Victoria Memorial, the Octherlony Monument and the
headquarters of the Rama Krishna mission. To the north of
the city is the silent beauty of the Belur Math and, across the
river, the Botanical gardens (with a 200 years old Banyan tree,
reputedly the largest in the world)and the Kali temple of
Dakshineshwar. Calcutta has a soul. The Bengalis are poets
and artists of India and this has afected their city. Calcutta
will certainly grow on you. For a complete change, take a plane
or boat from Calcutta to Port Blair in the Andaman and
Nicobar Islands, the peaceful sun-soaked paradise in the Bay
of Bengal.
CHAPTER III
DATA ANALYSE
DATA ANALYSE
Foreign tourist arrival and the foreign exchange earnings
The year 2007 has seen a steady growth in both the tourist
arrivals as well as the foreign exchange earnings. Even the
traditionally of-season months of June, July, August and
September have seen an increase of tourist arrivals in India.
For example, August 2007 recorded 3, 60,089 foreign tourist
arrivals in the country compared to 3, 04,387 tourists in
August 2006, a whopping increase of 18.3 per cent. Those
months also showed the highest increase in foreign revenue
earnings, an increase of 26.8 per cent.
If one looks at the diferences in foreign tourist arrivals and
revenue earned in the last two years, it is clear that the gap is
slowly decreasing and very soon, India may not have an of-
season.
Foreign exchange earnings in India ( 2006 / 05 )
Foreign exchange earnings in India ( 2007 / 06 )

FOREIGN TOURIST
ARRIVAL (Nos.)
PERCENTAGE
CHANGE
MONTHS 2005 2006* 2007* 2006/052007/06
January 385977 459489 532088 19.0 15.8
February 369844 439090 498806 18.7 13.6
March 352094 391009 444186 11.1 13.6
April 248416 309208 333945 24.5 8.0
May 225394 255008 267758 13.1 5.0
June 246970 278370 310104 12.7 11.4
July 307870 337332 377474 9.6 11.9
August 273856 304387 360089 11.1 18.3
September257184 297891 325893 15.8 9.4
October 347757 391399 440715 12.5 12.6
November423837 442413 510987 4.4 15.5
Total 34391993905596440204513.6 12.7
TOURIST ARRIVALS TO INDIA FROM TOP FIFTEEN
COUNTRIES OF 2005 FOR THE PERIOD 1981 TO 2005
Year U.K. U.S.A Canaa Fran!e Sr" Lan#a $er%an& 'a(an Ma)a&*"a
2001 405472 329147 88600 102434 112813 80011 80634 57869
2002 387846 348182 93598 78194 108008 646891 59709 63748
200+ 430917 410803 107671 97654 109098 76868 77996 70750
200, 555907 526120 135884 131824 128711 116679 96851 84390
2005 651803 611165 157643 152258 136400 120243 103082 96276
CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
CONCLUSION
Tourism is an intensely geographic phenomenon. It stimulates
large-scale, global movement of people and forges distinctive
relationships between people and the places they visit. It
shapes processes of physical development and resource
exploitation, whilst the presence of visitors exerts a range of
economic, social, cultural and environmental impacts that
often have important implications for local geographies.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Internet
www.gooogle.conm
www.ask.com
www.indiatourism.com
Books
Franklin, A and Crang, M (2001) 'The trouble with tourism and travel theor!'
in Tourist Studies 1(") #$"%22
&arsen, ', (rr, ' and A)hausen, * (200+) Mobilities, Networks, Geographies
Aldershot,Ashgate
Newspaper
Hindustan Times
The Times of India
Magazine
India Today
Hospitality
Travel Outlooks
QUESTIONAIRE :
1) -ere .am#aigns laun.hed b the government to attra.t tourists / make 0ndia the desired
tourist destination hel#1ul!
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2) The im#rovement o1 the .ondition o1 roads in the tourist destinations will attra.t more
tourists$
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8) The ear 2009 is e)#e.ted be a more #ro1itable ear 1or the 0ndian Tourism 0ndustr as
.om#ared to last ear$
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CA57T 4A2
:) 4hould the room rents o1 the lu)ur ;otels in 0ndia be redu.ed!
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") 0s the standard o1 0ndian hotels .om#arable to that o1 the 1oreign ;otel .hains!
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