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Some current evidence suggests that (1) …, and perform no adaptive role in maintaining
our psychological health. In fact, some researchers believe that (2) … - a developmental
cognitive achievement assigned to the healthy functioning of a complex neural network
located in specific areas of the forebrain.
Nevertheless, the way dreams reflect our emotional preoccupations or run parallel to our
awakened states of consciousness may explain why, throughout history, dreams have been put to
various uses. For example, in many societies dreams would be used by shamans or witch doctors
as a means to diagnose or cure illnesses, or to fend off evil spirits. (3) … In modern times dreams
have been used by psychotherapists as a means of understanding the patient's state of mind,
or (4) …. Dreams may even be used socially, as an ice-breaker, or as a way for some people to
express their fantasies. But these are emergent functions, coming about as a result of dreams
rather than causing them.
1. Four sentences have been removed from the text. Select the appropriate sentence for
each gap in the text. There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use. 4 points
4. Read the article again and answer the following questions. 6 points
3. What are the uses to which dreaming can be put to in a modern society?
A. People can dream at their desks.
B. People can express their inner feelings better.
Ministerul Educaţiei, Cercetării şi Inovării
Centrul Naţional pentru Curriculum şi Evaluare în Învăţământul Preuniversitar
C. People can sell dreams as a modern convenience.
D. People can ask their peers to share dreams on a regular basis.
5. Comment on the following statement: In modern times dreams have been used by
psychotherapists as a means of understanding the patient's state of mind. (100 words)
4 points