Regional Mathematical Olympiad 2012

Time : 3 hours December 02, 2012

1. Let ABCD be a unit square. Draw a quadrant of a circle with A as centre and B, D as end points
of the arc. Similarly, draw a quadrant of a circle with B as centre and A, C as end points of the
arc. Inscribe a circle I touching the arcs AC and BD both externally and also touching the side
CD. Find the radius of the circle I.
1.

Consider radius of circle as r
Then applying Pythagoras theorem in triangle GHB
we get ( ) ( )
2 2 1
1 r 1 r
4
+ = +
i.e.
1
r
16
=



2. Let a, b, c be positive integers such that a divides b
5
, b divides c
5
and c divides a
5
. Prove that
abc divides (a + b + c)
31
.

2. In the expansion of (a + b + c)
31
every term except those where at least one of the powers of a.b
or c is zero, shall be divisible by abc.
Further a
31
is divisible by abc as if c divides a
5
then c
5
divides a
25
and also b divides c
5
, therefore
b divides a
25

If any term is of the form
r 31 r
a b

then either r or 31 r is greater than 15, therefore clubbing the
5
th
power of the higher among r an 31-r we get these terms divisible by abc.


3. Let a and b be positive real numbers such that a + b = 1. Prove that a
a
b
b
+ a
b
b
a
s 1.

3.
( ) ( )
( )
1
atimes btimes
a b
a b
a a .......a b b................b
a b ...........(1)
a b
+
+ + + +
>
+



( ) ( )
( )
( )
1
btimes atimes
b a
a b
a a .......a b b................b
a b ........... 2
a b
+
+ + + +
>
+

Adding these inequalities
( ) ( )
2 2
a b b a
a b 2ab
a b a b
a b
+ +
> +
+


( ) ( )
a b b a
a b a b 1 + s

Regional Mathematical Olympiad 2012
Time : 3 hours December 02, 2012

4. Let X = {1, 2, 3, , 10}. Find the number of pairs {A, B} such that A _ X, B _ X, A = B and A
B = {5, 7, 8}.

4. In order to ensure A B = {5, 7, 8} all other elements have 3 choices i.e. either belong to A or
belong to B or none. This will happen in 3
7
ways of which 1 is when A=B, therefore the correct
answer is 3
7
-1

5. Let ABC be triangle. Let D, E be a points on the segment BC such that BD = DE = EC. Let F be
the mid-point of AC. Let BF intersect AD in P and AE in Q respectively. Determine the ratio of the
area of the triangle APQ to that of the quadrilateral PDEQ.

5.

Using Cevas theorem or Menelaus
theorem we get easily the ratio
AP 3
PD 2
= and
AQ 3
QE 1
=
Areas of triangle ADE and APQ can be
easily calculated by the formula
1
bc sin
2
where AD=b, AE=c and
DAE Z =
Thus the required ratio is 9/11


6. Find all positive integers n such that 3
2n
+ 3n
2
+ 7 is a perfect square.

6. Clearly
2n
3 is a perfect square, therefore
2n 2
3 3n 7 + + should be square of number bigger
than
n
3 .
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
n n n n 2n 2
3 p 3 p 1 ............. 3 2 3 1 3 3n 7 + > + > + > + > + +
The equality holds at n=2 for
( )
2
n 2n 2
3 1 3 3n 7 + = + +
Further
( )
2
n 2n 2
3 2 3 3n 7 + > + + yields
n 2
4.3 4 3n 7 + > +
n 2
4.(2 1) 3n 3 + > +
( ) ( )
2
4. 1 2n 2n n 1 ........... 3n 3 + + + > +
The logic is intuitive and I expect some decent solution..