Pipes

Pipes are of very important field in almost in industry. Pipes are used
mainly to transfer fluids from placer to another. Its shape is a hollow
cylinder. There are many codes and standards used for piping
engineering design such as:
The most important and common code for pressure piping is
ASME B31
B31.1 for power piping
B31.2 for fuel gas piping
B31.3 for process piping
B31.4 for pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquid
Hydrocarbons and Other Liquids
B31.5 for Refrigeration Piping and Heat Transfer Components
B31.8 for Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems
B31.8S for Managing System Integrity of Gas Pipelines
B31.9 for Building Services Piping
B31.11 for Slurry Transportation Piping Systems
B31G Manual for Determining Remaining Strength of Corroded
Pipelines

I think the most important codes for water desalination industry are
ASME B31.3 and ASME B31.4



Pipes materials:-

1- Plastic pipes: Plastic pipe comes as either ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-
styrene) or PVC (polyvinyl-chloride). Most homes since mid-1970 have
plastic pipes and fittings because its inexpensive and easy to use.
Simply glue the joints using a primer and liquid cement.

ABS: This black pipe was the first plastic pipe to be used in
residential plumbing. Today, many areas dont allow ABS in new
construction because joints can come loose.

PVC: This white or cream-colored pipe is the most commonly used
pipe for drain lines. Its corrosion resistant and chemical resistant.

2- Metallic pipes:-
These pipes are mainly used for pressure piping and can withstand high
temperatures unlike the plastic pipes. Examples are at the below table





Pipe thickness selection:

Design criteria for thickness selection are Temperature, Pressure, and the
material of the pipe.

According to ASME B31.3, Section 304



After calculating the minimum thickness for design pressure and adding the
corrosion allowance, we choose the pipes according to ASME B36.10M
standard

we take the nearest largest thickness and get the schedule and the STD for
every nominal (inner) diameter



Pipe connection:

1- Welding: welding of pipes is very common to connect pipes. Its
permanent connection and should be inspected carefully using non-
destructive tests NDT tests (such as radiographic test).


2- Using flanges:

Flange is shown in the blow figure









Flanges are selected based on the temperature and pressure, for every group
of flanges there are ratings that specify the flange. According to ASME B16.5
standard
Example,










Pipe fittings:-
A fitting is used in pipe plumbing systems to connect straight pipe or tubing
sections, to adapt to different sizes or shapes, and for other purposes, such as
regulating or measuring fluid flow.

1- Elbow



2- Coupling





3- Reducer




4- Tee




5- Cross





6- Cap







7- Valves