Nerd Girls: Maximum Power Point Tracker

Tufts University Senior Design 2003
Stephanie Chin, Jeanell Gadson, Katie Nordstrom

Nerd Girls Solar/MPPT Group May 12, 2003 1/
Tufts University
!epartment o" #le$tri$al #n%ineerin%
and Computer S$ien$e
NERD GIRLS
Maximum Poer Point Tra!"er
Stephanie Chin
Jeanell Gadson
Katie Nordstrom
Pro&e$t 'd(isor) Karen Panetta
Pro&e$t Consultants) Matthe* +eller, ,i$hard Colom-o, Mi$hael .ua%lia
Senior !esi%n Pro&e$t 2003
/inal ,eport
May 12, 2003
T#$LE %& '%NTENTS
() Pur*ose
2) Intro+u!tion
2010 Photo(oltai$ Cells and 'rray ,esear$h
2020 Po*er Supply ,esear$h
2030 MPPT ,esear$h
3) $asi! Design
3010 1hy are *e -uildin% a MPPT2
3020 +o* does it *or32
,) Im*-ementation
4010 5(erall !esi%n Considerations
4020 +ard*are
402010 Components
402020 6olta%e Control
402030 Char%in% 7nit
402040 Solar 'rray Prote$tion
4030 So"t*are
403010 Menu Stru$ture
403020 'l%orithm
.) #ssessment
8010 +ard*are
8020 So"t*are
/) 'on!-usion
010 /uture 1or3
0) #**en+ix
9010 +ard*are S$hemati$s
901010 MPPT :lo$3 !ia%ram
901020 Cir$uitry S$hemati$
9020 So"t*are /lo*$harts
902020 'l%orithm
902030 'l%orithm Su-menu /un$tion
9030 Code
903010 solar%irls0asm
903020 ;$d0asm
903030 Math0asm
903040 p2plsp1<0l3r
9040 !atasheets
904010 P=C Mi$ro$ontroller
904020 !C/!C Con(erter PT4122'
904030 !C/!C Con(erter TPS934=P
904040 P1M T;8><CN
904080 !iode 1CT704S
90400 ;TC !'C 1481CN<
904090 M5S/#T =?/?>0N20.
9040<0 M5S/#T !ri(er M'?4420CP'
1) Referen!es
2) #!"no-e+gements
() PURP%SE
The o-&e$ti(e o" the pro&e$t *as to desi%n a Ma@imum Po*er Point Tra$3er AMPPTB "or
a solarCpo*ered (ehi$le0 This $omponent optimiDed the amount o" po*er o-tained "rom
the photo(oltai$ array and $har%ed the po*er supply0 The solar $ar *ill -e $onstru$ted
-y the 2003/2004 Nerd Girls Team and *ill in$orporate the Ma@imum Po*er Point
Tra$3er unit into the "inal desi%n0
2) INTR%DU'TI%N
!e(eloped -y Pro"essor Karen Panetta, the Tu"ts 7ni(ersity Nerd Girls Pro&e$t -rin%s
to%ether a team o" multidis$iplinary under%raduate "emale en%ineers0 Their mission is
to -uild and ra$e a solarCpo*ered (ehi$le in /all 2003 and to use it as an outrea$h tool
to introdu$e en%ineerin% to youn% students0
2)( P3%T%4%LT#I' 'ELLS #ND #RR#5 RESE#R'3
Photo(oltai$ $ells are de(i$es that a-sor- sunli%ht and $on(ert that solar ener%y into
ele$tri$al ener%y0
Solar $ells are $ommonly made o" sili$on, one o" the most a-undant elements on #arth0
Pure sili$on, an a$tual poor $ondu$tor o" ele$tri$ity, has "our outer (alen$e ele$trons that
"orm tetrahedral $rystal latti$es0
The ele$tron $louds o" the $rystalline sheets are stressed -y addin% tra$e amounts o"
elements that ha(e three or "i(e outer shell ele$trons that *ill ena-le ele$trons to mo(e0
The nu$lei o" these elements "it *ell in the $rystal latti$e, -ut *ith only three outer shell
ele$trons, there are too "e* ele$trons to -alan$e out, and Epositi(e holesE "loat in the
ele$tron $loud0 1ith "i(e outer shell ele$trons, there are too many ele$trons0 The
pro$ess o" addin% these impurities on purpose is $alled Edopin%0E 1hen doped *ith an
element *ith "i(e ele$trons, the resultin% sili$on is $alled NCtype AEnE "or ne%ati(eB
-e$ause o" the pre(alen$e o" "ree ele$trons0 ;i3e*ise, *hen doped *ith an element o"
three ele$trons, the sili$on is $alled PCtype0 The a-sen$e o" ele$trons Athe EholesEB
de"ine PCtype0
The $om-ination o" NCtype and PCtype sili$on $ause an ele$trostati$ "ield to "orm at the
&un$tion0 't the &un$tion, ele$trons "rom the sides mi@ and "orm a -arrier, ma3in% it hard
"or ele$trons on the N side to $ross to the P side0 #(entually eFuili-rium is rea$hed, and
an ele$tri$ "ield separates the sides0
1hen photons Asunli%htB hit a solar $ell, its ener%y "rees ele$tronCholes pairs0 The
ele$tri$ "ield *ill send the "ree ele$tron to the N side and hole to the P side0 This $auses
"urther disruption o" ele$tri$al neutrality, and i" an e@ternal $urrent path is pro(ided,
ele$trons *ill "lo* throu%h the path to their ori%inal side Athe P sideB to unite *ith holes
that the ele$tri$ "ield sent there, doin% *or3 "or us alon% the *ay0 The ele$tron "lo*
pro(ides the $urrent, and the $ellGs ele$tri$ "ield $auses a (olta%e0 1ith -oth $urrent and
(olta%e, *e ha(e po*er, *hi$h is the produ$t o" the t*o0
Three solar $ell types are $urrently a(aila-le) mono$rystalline, poly$rystalline, and thin
"ilm, dis$erned -y material, e""i$ien$y, and $omposition0
:y *irin% solar $ells in series, the (olta%e $an -e in$reasedH or in parallel, the $urrent0
Solar $ells are *ired to%ether to "orm a solar panel0 Solar panels $an -e &oined to
$reate a solar array0
2)2 P%6ER SUPPL5 RESE#R'3
' -attery is a sour$e porta-le ele$tri$ po*er0 ' stora%e -attery is a reser(oir, *hi$h may
-e used repeatedly "or storin% ener%y0 #ner%y is $har%ed and drained "rom the reser(oir
in the "orm o" ele$tri$ity, -ut it is stored as $hemi$al ener%y0 The most $ommon stora%e
-attery is the leadCa$id -attery that is *idely used in automo-iles0 They represent a-out
0I o" all -atteries sold *orld*ide and are usually more e$onomi$al and ha(e a hi%h
toleran$e "or a-use0 ;eadCa$id -atteries are ine@pensi(e, relati(ely sa"e and easily
re$y$la-le, -ut ha(e a lo* ener%yCtoC*ei%ht ratio, *hi$h is a serious limitation *hen
tryin% to -uild li%ht*ei%ht (ehi$les0
Ne* -attery te$hnolo%ies are $onstantly -ein% e@plored that $an o""er -etter ener%yCtoC
*ei%ht ratios, lo*er $osts and in$reased -attery li"e0 The ni$3elCmetalChydride -attery
has re$ei(ed a %reat deal o" attention as a near "uture solution0 Ni$3elCmetalChydride
-atteries o""er a-out t*i$e the ener%y $apa$ity "or the same *ei%ht as a $urrent leadC
a$id -attery0 'nother -attery type *ith an e(en %reater ener%y density is ;ithium ion0
2)3 MPPT RESE#R'3
The Ma@imum Po*er Point Tra$3er AMPPTB is needed to optimiDe the amount o" po*er
o-tained "rom the photo(oltai$ array to the po*er supply0
The output o" a solar module is $hara$teriDed -y a
per"orman$e $ur(e o" (olta%e (ersus $urrent, $alled the =C6
$ur(e0 See /i%ure 10 The ma@imum po*er point o" a solar
module is the point alon% the =C6 $ur(e that $orresponds to
the ma@imum output po*er possi-le "or the module0 This
(alue $an -e determined -y "indin% the ma@imum area under
the $urrent (ersus (olta%e $ur(e0
3) $#SI' DESIGN
&igure (7 =C6 Cur(e
&igure 27 :asi$ :lo$3 !ia%ram
Nerd Girls Solar/MPPT Group May 12, 2003 /
3)( 635 #RE 6E $UILDING # MPPT8
There are $ommeri$ially a(aila-le MPPTs *hi$h are typi$ally used "or home solutions
and -uildin%s0 These are not desi%ned to *ithstand the harsh, "astC$han%in%
en(ironmental $onditions o" solar $ar ra$in%0 !esi%n o" the $ustomiDed MPPT *ill
ensure that the system operates as $losely to the Ma@imum Po*er Point AMPPB *hile
-ein% su-&e$ted to the (aryin% li%htin% and temperature0
3)2 3%6 D%ES IT 6%R98
The inputs o" the MPPT $onsisted o" the photo(oltai$ (olta%e and $urrent outputs0 The
ad&usted (olta%e and $urrent output o" the MPPT $har%es the po*er supply0 See /i%ure
20
' mi$ro$ontroller *as utiliDed to re%ulate the inte%rated $ir$uits A=CsB and $al$ulate the
ma@imum po*er point, %i(en the output "rom the solar array0 +ard*are and so"t*are
inte%ration *as ne$essary "or the $ompletion o" this $omponent0
,) IMPLEMENT#TI%N
,)( %4ER#LL DESIGN '%NSIDER#TI%NS
Many "a$tors in"luen$ed the $omponent sele$tion and the desi%n o" the MPPT0
=n terms o" optimal "un$tionality, the theory o" po*er $onser(ation needed to -e
applied0 The input and output (olta%e and $urrent *ere $al$ulated su$h that the
po*er into and out o" the MPPT *as eFual0
To prote$t the photo(oltai$ array "rom dama%e, prote$tion diodes *ere employed0
T*o 4<6 lead a$id -attery -an3s *ere utiliDed0 5nly one -attery -an3 *ill -e
$har%ed at a time0 AThe other *ill -e employed to run other $omponents o" the
$arB0
=n order to tri$3le $har%e the -atteries, a (olta%e e@$eedin% 4<6 must -e "ed to
the -an30 =n this desi%n, 806 *as $hosen to $har%e the po*er supply0
To pre(ent dama%e and o(er$har%in% o" the po*er supply, a /#T *as employed0
,)2 3#RD6#RE
The MPPT $ir$uitry $onsisted o" three se$tions J 6olta%e Control, Char%in% 7nit, and
Solar 'rray Prote$tion0 See 'ppendi@ 901010 The 6olta%e Control -lo$3 $onsisted o" t*o
!C to !C $on(erters that stepped do*n the solar array (olta%e0 The $on(erters
supplied the ne$essary (olta%e to run the (arious $omponents o" the system0 Se$ondly,
the Char%in% 7nit $onsisted o" the P=C mi$ro$ontroller, P1M, M5S/#T, and prote$tion
diodes0 =t $omputed the ma@imum po*er point and re%ulated the (arious inte%rated
$ir$uits that $har%ed the 4<6 po*er supply0 ;astly, the Solar 'rray Prote$tion -lo$3
$onsisted o" the prote$tion diodes used to pre(ent solar panel dama%e0
,)2)( '%MP%NENTS
Ta-le 1 sho*s the $omponents used "or ea$h o" the three se$tions o" the hard*are
desi%n0 See 'ppendi@ 904 "or datasheets0
'%MP%NENT P#RT NUM$ER
P=C Mi$ro$ontroller P=C/48<
!C to !C Con(erter A86B PT4122'
Nerd Girls Solar/MPPT Group May 12, 2003 </
!C to !C Con(erter A126B TPS934=P
Pulse 1idth Modulator AP1MB T;8><CN
!iode 1CT704S
!i%ital to 'nalo% Con(erter A!'CB ;TC1481CN<
M5S/#T =?/?>0N20.
M5S/#T dri(er M'?4420CP'
,)2)2 4%LT#GE '%NTR%L
The !C/!C :u$3 Con(erter stepped do*n the solar array output (olta%e Aappro@imately
4<6B to 8( in order to po*er the P=C, !'Cs, and ,SC2320 The !C/!C :oost Con(erter
stepped up the 8( output "rom the :u$3 Con(erter to 12( in order to po*er the P1M0
,)2)3 '3#RGING UNIT
The $har%in% unit $onsisted o" multiple $omponents, *hi$h *or3ed to%ether to po*er
the -attery array0 This unit $ontained the '!Cs, !'Cs, P=C mi$ro$ontroller, P1M,
M5S/#T, M5S/#T dri(er, indu$tor, and prote$tion diodes0
The '!C $han%ed the analo% output o" the solar array into a di%ital si%nal to -e
manipulated -y the P=C mi$ro$ontroller0 The !'C *or3ed in the opposite dire$tion o" the
'!C0 =t $han%ed the di%ital output "rom the P=C to an analo% si%nal, *hi$h re%ulated the
P1M0
The P=C mi$ro$ontroller per"ormed all o" the $al$ulations ne$essary to o-tain the
ma@imum po*er point0 The P=C re$ei(ed the input (olta%e dire$tly "rom the solar array
and $on(erted the (alue to a di%ital si%nal (ia the '!Cs0 =n order to determine the input
$urrent, the output (olta%e o" the (olta%e di(ider *as sent to the P=C as a di%ital si%nal
(ia the '!Cs0 /rom there, 3no*in% the resistan$e o" the (olta%e di(ider, the
$al$ulations *ere per"ormed *ithin the P=C0 +a(in% -oth the input (olta%e A6B and
$urrent A=B "rom the solar array, the po*er $ould -e determined APK6L=B0 Keepin% the
theory o" po*er $onser(ation in mind, the output po*er "rom the P=C needed to eFual
the input po*er "rom the solar array0 't the same time, the $har%in% (olta%e must
e@$eed the -attery array (olta%e, 4<6H there"ore 806 *as assumed "or the output
(olta%e0 The output $urrent *as $al$ulated usin% the input po*er and the output
(olta%e0 This (alue *as then $on(erted to an analo% si%nal (ia the !'Cs and sent to the
P1M0
The P1M re$ei(ed the ad&usted (olta%e and $urrent "rom the P=C, and $han%ed its duty
$y$le a$$ordin%ly0 This duty $y$le $ontrolled the M5S/#T0
Ta-le 1) Components
Nerd Girls Solar/MPPT Group May 12, 2003 >/
The M5S/#T a$ted li3e a s*it$h0 1hen it *as on, it $losed the $ir$uit and sent the
po*er to %round, pre(entin% the o(er$har%in% o" the -attery array0 't this time, $urrent
-uilt up in the indu$tor and it *as a-le to $har%e0 1hen it *as o"", the $ir$uit opened,
and the po*er *as sent throu%h the prote$tion diodes to the -attery array0 't this time,
the indu$tor dis$har%ed0
The prote$tion diodes pre(ented $urrent "rom "lo*in% -a$3 "rom the -atteries and
potentially dama%in% the solar array0 :y pla$in% the diodes in parallel, the o(erall
resistan$e de$reased, and allo*ed a %reater amount o" $urrent to pass throu%h0
,)2), S%L#R #RR#5 PR%TE'TI%N $L%'9
The (olta%e di(ider too3 the (olta%e "rom the solar array and stepped it do*n to a
ma@imum (olta%e o" 400<60 This pre(ented the '!C "rom M-lo*in% out0N 1ithout the
(olta%e di(ider, the solar array *ould send too lar%e o" a (olta%e "or the '!C to handle0
Prote$tion diodes *ere utiliDed to pre(ent the $urrent "rom "lo*in% -a$3 to the solar
array and $ausin% dama%e to it0
/i%ure 4) MPPT Cir$uit :oard
,)3 S%&T6#RE
The P=C Mi$ro$ontroller $hosen had su""i$ient memory to meet the demands o" the
desi%n0 The '!Cs *ere also in$luded in the P=C, *hi$h redu$ed the amount o"
additional e@ternal parts0
Pro%rammin% *as $ompleted in MP'SM 'ssem-ly0 See 'ppendi@ 902 and 903 "or
So"t*are "lo*$harts and $ode0
,)3)( MENU STRU'TURE
The P=C $ontains a ;C! s$reen, *hi$h ena-led us to display the input and output
(olta%es and $urrents0 This ena-led us to $on"irm the results o" the $al$ulations
per"ormed -y the P=C0 The stru$ture o" the ;C! output *as laid out as a menu0 There
*ere "our main menu items, 6olta%e input "rom the solar array, $urrent input "rom the
solar array, (olta%e output "rom the MPPT and $urrent output "rom the MPPT0 See
/i%ure 80
=nitially, the *el$omin% note *as displayed on the ;C! "ollo*ed -y the (olta%e input
"rom the solar array menu item0 ' re%ister $alled *hi$hOmenu *as used to or%aniDe the
in"ormation a-out *hi$h menu item the user *as (ie*in%0 :it 0 o" the *hi$hOmenu
re%ister indi$ated *hether or not the user *as *ithin the "irst menu item0 =" the -it (alue
*as 1, this meant the user *as loo3in% at the input (olta%e "rom the solar array0 ' 0 -it
(alue meant the user *as not *ithin this menu item0 The same system *as set up "or
the rest o" the menu items0 :it 1 *as allo$ated to the input $urrent "rom the solar array
menu item0 :it 2 *as allo$ated to the output (olta%e "rom the MPPT menu item0
/inally, -it 3 *as allo$ated to the output $urrent "rom the MPPT menu item0
:y pressin% ,'4, the user $ould s$roll throu%h the main menu items0 :y pushin% ,:0,
the user $ould (ie* the su-menu o" ea$h main menu item0 /or e@ample, i" the user
*anted to see the $han%in% input (olta%e (alues, the user *ould s$roll throu%h the
menu Ausin% the ,'4 -uttonB until the 6in Solar menu item *as displayed0 Then, the
user *ould sele$t this Apushin% ,:0B and the (olta%e *ould -e displayed on the ;C!0
The user $ould return to the main menu -y pushin% ,:0 a%ain0 The *hi$hOmenu
re%ister -it (alues *ere used to determine the return lo$ation on the main menu0
The "inal desi%n *as set up to per"orm the $al$ulations to determine the output po*er
ea$h time the user sele$ted the output $urrent "rom the MPPT menu item0 =n order to
test the "un$tionality o" the $al$ulation $ode, (alues *ere hardC$oded "or the input
(olta%e, input $urrent and output (olta%e0 /or e@ample, i" the (olta%e input *as 86 and
the $urrent input *as 10m', the t*o (alues *ere multiplied to%ether to determine the
po*er0 =" *e *anted a 26 output, this (alue *ould -e hardC$oded as the output (olta%e0
The input po*er *ould -e di(ided -y the 26 and the result *ould -e the output $urrent0
So, in this e@ample, the output $urrent *ould -e displayed as 28m'0 This *ay the
po*er output "rom the MPPT remained the same as the po*er input "rom the solar
panels, -ut the (olta%e and $urrent *ere ad&usted so that enou%h (olta%e *ould -e sent
to a po*er supply to $har%e it0 See 'ppendi@ 902010
Nerd Girls Solar/Mppt Group
Pi$ Mi$ro$ontroller Menus

/i%ure 8) P=C Mi$ro$ontroller ;C! Menu !isplay
The topmost "i%ure sho*s the *el$ome s$reen0 The le"t s$reens are the s$rolla-le main menus that display a
su-menu $ontainin% input/output data i" ,:5 is sele$ted0 Sample inputs *ere used to test the $al$ulation
al%orithm, as sho*n0
,)3)2 #LG%RIT3M
1hen the pro%ram started runnin%, the "irst steps ta3en *ere to $on"i%ure the P=C ports
-ein% used "or inputs and outputs and to set the '/! $on(ersion in"ormation0 See
'ppendi@ 902020 /rom there, the output (olta%e *as %i(en a set (alue0 This (alue
should -e 806, as this *as the amount o" (olta%e needed to $har%e the 4<6 -attery
array0
The *el$ome note *as then displayed to in"orm the user that the pro%ram *as runnin%0
/ollo*in% this, the "irst item on the main menu *as displayed A6in SolarB0 't this point
the user had the option to either sele$t the item usin% the ,:0 -utton Aand the (alue
*ould -e displayed on the ;C!B or to s$roll throu%h the "our menu items usin% the ,'4
-utton0
1hen the user sele$ted one o" the menu items -y pressin% ,:0, the pro%ram "irst
$leared the *hi$hOmenu -it that *as pre(iously 1 Aindi$atin% the last menu item that
*as (ie*edB0 See 'ppendi@ 902030 The la-el *as then displayed on the ;C! s$reen
and the *hi$hOmenu -it allo$ated to the $urrent menu item *as set to 10
The pro%ram then too3 the data and either $on(erted the (alue to a di%ital si%nal Ai" the
data *as re$ei(ed "rom port 'B and stored the (alue in a re%ister, or &ust stored the hardC
$oded (alue in a re%ister0 This *as the only in"ormation needed to display the (alues
"or the "irst three menu items0
=" the user sele$ted the $urrent output o" the MPPT menu item, the output $urrent *as
$al$ulated usin% the input (olta%e, input $urrent and output (olta%e (alues stored in the
re%isters0 The result *as then printed to the ;C! s$reen0
=n order to return to the $orre$t menu item, the pro%ram $he$3ed the -it (alues o" the
*hi$hOmenu0 /or e@ample, i" -it 0 o" *hi$hOmenu *as eFual to the (alue o" 1, the
pro%ram *ould return to the "irst menu item, 6in Solar0
.) #SSESSMENT
.)( 3#RD6#RE
!=P pa$3a%in% *as used -e$ause they are easier to *ire *rap0 1ire *rappin% "or a
ma&ority o" the $ir$uitry *as $hosen instead solderin% -e$ause it *ill "a$ilitate "uture
$han%es0
Chip so$3ets *ere used instead o" *ire *rappin% dire$tly to the $hipH thus i" the $hip
%oes -ad, it $an -e repla$ed and the does not ha(e to -e re*ired0
The (olta%e di(ider $ir$uitry *as determined -y assumin% that the ma@imum output
(olta%e o" the solar array is 986, and the ma@imum input o" the '!C is 8 (olts0 See
/i%ure 0 The "ollo*in% resistor (alues *ere used in order to o-tain a ma@imum output
o" 400<6) ,
1
K20K, ,
2
K<K, ,
;
K98K
#@tra diodes *ere not needed "or the Solar Prote$tion 'rray0 !iode prote$tion to 6
!!

and 6
SS
*ere in$luded in the '!Cs on the P=C mi$ro$ontroller0
The $apa$itors used do not support hi%h (olta%es "or an e@tended period o" time,
there"ore they *ill ha(e a short li"espan)
The pa$3a%in% "or the M5S/#T and diodes made it di""i$ult to atta$h to the $ir$uit
-oard0
The $ir$uitry *as pla$ed on multiple -oards0 This made it easier to (isualiDe the layout,
-ut %reatly in$reased the o(erall siDe o" the $omplete de(i$e0 =" the "inal the de(i$e *as
pa$3a%ed, the *irin% and $hips *ould -e prote$ted "rom dama%e0 'lso, the input and
output *ires *ould -e easily a$$essi-le0
/i%ure ) 6olta%e !i(ider Cir$uitry
.)2 S%&T6#RE
The $al$ulation se$tion o" the pro%ram *or3ed *ith only a "e* "la*s0 1e *ere a-le to
$al$ulate the input po*er and then determine the output $urrent 3no*in% the output
(olta%e desired and the input po*er0 +o*e(er, the $ode produ$ed in$orre$t results
on$e the test (alues *ere in$reased to num-ers lar%e enou%h to produ$e results
%reater than 280 The multipli$ation "un$tion *as set up to multiply an <C-it num-er -y
another <C-it num-er and the result *ould -e 1 -its total, stored in t*o <C-it re%isters0
1hen the t*o num-ers -ein% multiplied produ$ed a result %reater than 28, the (alue
stored in the hi%h -it re%ister *as in$orre$t0 't the same time, *e $ame a$ross
pro-lems *hen the result o" the di(ision "un$tion in$luded a "ra$tion0 The $ode *as set
up to print three de$imal (alues to the ;C! Aup to 28B0 Se(eral di""erent steps *ere
ta3en in an attempt to print out $orre$t results *ith "ra$tionsH ho*e(er, the %oal *as
ne(er a$hie(ed0
/i%ure 4) P=C Mi$ro$ontroller
The desi%n *as set up so that the P=C *ould re$ei(e an input (olta%e and $urrent "rom
the solar array0 +o*e(er, there *ere di""i$ulties *hen it $ame to readin% the input
(alues0 Kno*in% port ' *as the port used "or '/! $on(ersions, it *as set up so that
there $ould -e t*o inputs "or (olta%e and $urrent0 There *ere t*o re%isters used to
$on"i%ure the '/! $on(ersion in"ormation, '!C5N0 and '!C5N10 '!C5N0 -it 0 *as
set to ena-le the '/! $on(ersion and -its 3C8 *ere used to determine the $hannel "rom
*hi$h the P=C *as readin% the input to $on(ert0 #(entually, it should -e set up so that
-its 8C3 are s*it$hed -et*een 000 and 001, ta3in% turns readin% the input "rom $hannel
0 and $hannel 10 =n order to test this, ho*e(er, the -its *ere hardC$oded to 0000
'!C5N1 -its 3C0 *ere set "or t*o inputs A1101B0 1ith t*o inputs, there needed to -e
(olta%e re"eren$es to %round and P860 =deally, *ith this test, an input -et*een 0 and 8
(olts *ould -e used as the (olta%e input "rom the solar array Asmaller test (alues at
"irstB0 +o*e(er, the pro%ram $onstantly shutdo*n *hen this desi%n *as attempted0
=n order to sho* ho* the '/! $on(ersion *ould *or3, thou%h, the potentiometer (alues
*ere used as the (olta%e input0 The potentiometer *as de"aulted *ith a lin3 to $hannel
0 o" port ' and it seemed that this *as the only *ay to test the '/! $on(ersions0 =t *as
set to $on(ert num-ers 0 throu%h 180 So, in the "inal desi%n, the user $ould rotate the
3no- o" the potentiometer to test di""erent (alues A"rom 0 to 18B that a$ted as the input
(olta%e0
5(erall, the pro%ram *as a-le to meet the reFuirements o" the desi%n, -ut only to a
$ertain de%ree0 The "inal inte%ration o" the hard*are and so"t*are *as una-le to *or3
due to the trou-les en$ountered *hen attemptin% to input or output a (olta%e to or "rom
the P=C0 The '/! $on(ersion and the $al$ulations $ould -e tested *ith the "inal pro%ram
ho*e(er0 The "inished pro%ram $onsisted o" a hardC$oded (alue o" 4m' "or the input
$urrent and 26 "or the output (olta%e0 The user $ould test the pro%ram -y rotatin% the
potentiometer (alue Aa$tin% as the input (olta%eB and the result $ould -e (ie*ed under
the =out MPPT menu item0 /or e@ample, the user $ould turn the potentiometer so that
the (alue o" the input (olta%e *as 860 The pro%ram *ould $al$ulate the po*er usin%
this and the 4m' hardC$oded0 The output $urrent *ould then -e determined usin% this
po*er (alue and the output (olta%e o" 260 The result in this $ase *ould -e 10m'0

/) '%N'LUSI%N
=n order to $har%e a po*er sour$e at its ma@imum e""i$ien$y, a Ma@imum Po*er Point
Tra$3er AMPPTB de(i$e is utiliDed0 The MPPT desi%n in$orporated three systems C the
6olta%e !i(ider, Char%in% 7nit, and Solar 'rray Prote$tion0
'lthou%h the "inal MPPT did not $ompletely "un$tion as planned, the so"t*are al%orithm
did $omplete the $orre$t $al$ulation to "ind the Ma@imum Po*er Point0 's the pro&e$t
$ame to an end, (arious $han%es $ould ha(e -een made *hi$h $ould -ene"it the desi%n
and implementation pro$ess0 ' smaller output ran%e o" the solar array *ould ha(e
helped to desi%n a more e""i$ient MPPT0 'llo*an$e o" ample time is ne$essary0 Many
pro-lems *ith the $omponent pur$hasin% and so"t*are *ere en$ountered0
There *ere a "e* *ea3nesses in the $ode0 /irst, the P=C *as not pro%rammed to
$ontinuously loop0 ' pro%ram that automati$ally $he$3s and updates the ma@imum
po*er point $ould impro(e the desi%n0 Se$ondly, the pro%ram did not su$$ess"ully
$ommuni$ate *ith the hard*are0 1or3in% $ommuni$ation is a-solutely $ru$ial in the
"inal de(i$e that *ill -e in$orporated into the solarCpo*ered (ehi$le0
7se o" spa$e in the $ar is also an important "a$tor, as it $an -e $riti$al to the o(erall
desi%n0 ' more or%aniDed $ir$uitry layout on only one -oard *ould ena-le the de(i$e to
-e simply set into the $ar0
/)( &UTURE 6%R9
/astCs*it$hin% $omponents are ne$essary to operate the de(i$e intended "or solar $ar
ra$in%0 The $omponent $hoi$e is 3ey in the desi%n o" the MPPT0 +i%h po*er e""i$ien$y
is attained -y $are"ully resear$hin% and sele$ted the ri%ht $omponents0
0) #PPENDI:
'%NTENTS
901 +ard*are S$hemati$s
90101 MPPT :lo$3 !ia%ram
90102 Cir$uitry S$hemati$
902 So"t*are /lo*$harts
90202 'l%orithm
90203 'l%orithm Su-menu /un$tion
903 Code
90301 solar%irls0asm
90302 ;$d0asm
90303 Math0asm
90304 p2plsp1<0l3r
904 !atasheets
90401 P=C Mi$ro$ontroller
90402 !C/!C Con(erter PT4122'
90403 !C/!C Con(erter TPS934=P
90404 P1M T;8><CN
90408 !iode 1CT704S
9040 ;TC !'C 1481CN<
90409 M5S/#T =?/?>0N20.
9040< M5S/#T !ri(er M'?4420CP'
Nerd Girls Solar/MPPT Group May 12, 2003 1</
#PPENDI: 0)( 3#RD6#RE S'3EM#TI'S
Nerd Girls Solar/MPPT Group May 12, 2003 1>/
#PPENDI: 0)()( MPPT $L%'9 DI#GR#M
MPPT :lo$3 !ia%ram
Solar 'rray
;ead '$id
:atteries
!C to !C
Con(erter
!C to !C
Con(erter
P86
P86
To P=C, !/', ,S232
To P1M
6olta%e Control
=ndu$tor
M5S/#T
Prote$tion
!iodes
P1M
!'C
!'C
6olta%e
!i(ider
Prote$tion
!iodes
'!C
P=C
Mi$ro$ontroller
Solar 'rray Prote$tion
P126
Char%in% 7nit
#PPENDI: 0)()2 'IR'UITR5 S'3EM#TI'
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#PPENDI: 0)2 S%&T6#RE &L%6'3#RTS
;C! Menu Stru$ture
Start
!isplay
1el$ome Menu
!isplay
6=N ASolarB
Menu
!isplay
==N ASolarB
Menu
!isplay
657T AMPPTB
Menu
!isplay
=57T AMPPTB
Menu
!isplay
6=N Solar
data
in su-menu
!isplay
==N ASolarB
data
in su-menu
!isplay
657T AMPPTB
data
in su-menu
!isplay
=57T AMPPTB
data
in su-menu
,:0
,:0
,:0
,:0
,'4
,'4
,'4
,'4
#PPENDI: 0)2)( MENU STRU'TURE
#PPENDI: 0)2)2 #LG%RIT3M
Start
Con"i%ure ports
Con"i%ure '/!
Con(erter
Set MPPT
6outK 806
!isplay 1el$ome
Menu on P=C
Mi$ro$ontroller
;C!
!isplay Main
Menus A6in Solar,
=in Solar, 6out
MPPT, =out MPPTB
,'4 sele$ted2 ,:0 sele$ted2
Complete
su-menu "un$tion
Qes
Qes
'l%orithm /lo*$hart
#PPENDI: 0)2)3 #LG%RIT3M SU$MENU &UN'TI%N
Su-menu /lo*$hart
Start
Clear desi%nated
-its o" *hi$hCmenu
re%ister
!isplay
la-el
A(oltsK, $urrKB
Set *hi$hOmenu
re%ister
Get data
"rom ports
!o '/!
$on(ersion
Store (alue in
re%ister
Pre"orm
$al$ulation
Aas neededB
Print (alue to
;C! s$reen
Test -its o"
*hi$hOmenu
,eturn to
main menu
#PPENDI: 0)3 '%DE
#PPENDI: 0)3)( S%L#RGIRLS)#SM
HLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL
HL Mi$ro$hip Te$hnolo%y =n$0 2002
HL 'ssem-ler (ersion) 200000
HL /ilename)
HL solar%irls0asm Amain routineB
HL !ependents)
HL p1<l$d0asm
HL p1<math0asm
HL 1"<990l3r
HM'?=M7M P51#, P5=NT T,'CK#, P=C C5!#
HST#P+'N=#, K'T=#, J#'N#;;
list pK1<"482
Rin$lude p1<"4820in$
HPro%ram Con"i%uration ,e%isters
OOC5N/=G OC5N/=G2;, O:5,O5//O2; S OP1,TO5NO2;
OOC5N/=G OC5N/=G4;, OST6,O5//O4; S O;6PO5//O4; S O!#:7GO5//O4;
OOC5N/=G OC5N/=G8;, OCP0O5//O8; S OCP1O5//O8; S OCP2O5//O8; S OCP3O5//O8;
OOC5N/=G OC5N/=G;, O1,T0O5//O; S O1,T1O5//O; S O1,T2O5//O; S O1,T3O5//O;
OOC5N/=G OC5N/=G9;, O#:T,0O5//O9; S O#:T,1O5//O9; S O#:T,2O5//O9; S O#:T,3O5//O9;
Rde"ine s$rollOdir T,=S',4
Rde"ine s$roll P5,T',4 HPushC-utton ,'4 on PC:
Rde"ine sele$tOdir T,=S:,0
Rde"ine sele$t P5,T:,0 HPushC-utton ,:0 on PC:
#?T#,N ;C!=nit, tempO*r, dO*rite, iO*rite, ;C!;ineO1, ;C!;ineO2
#?T#,N 7M7;0<0<;, 7!=610<;, '',G:0, '',G:1, :',G:0, :',G:1, '',G:8, ,#M:0,
,#M:1, T#MP
sspr* ma$ro H$he$3 "or idle SSP module routine
mo(l* 0@00
and*" SSPC5N2,1
su-l* 0@00
-t"ss ST'T7S,T
-ra UC<
-t"s$ SSPST'T,,O1
-ra UC2
endm
(aria-les 7!'T'
*hi$hOmenu ,#S 1
ptrOpos ,#S 1
ptrO$ount ,#S 1
tempO1 ,#S 1
tempO2 ,#S 1
tempO3 ,#S 1
$mdO-yte ,#S 1
temperature ,#S 1
;S! ,#S 1
Ms! ,#S 1
MS! ,#S 1
se$onds ,#S 1
minutes ,#S 1
hours ,#S 1
Num+ ,#S 1
Num; ,#S 1
TenK ,#S 1
Thou ,#S 1
+und ,#S 1
Tens ,#S 1
5nes ,#S 1
(oltOin ,#S 1
$urrOin ,#S 1
-attO(olt ,#S 1
-attO$urr ,#S 1
ST',T7P C5!#
N5P
%oto start
N5P
N5P
N5P
P,5G1 C5!#
stanOta-le Hta-le "or standard $ode
H E????????????????E
H ptr)
data E 6in ASolarB E H0
data E =in ASolarB E H1
data E 6out AMPPTB E H32
data E =out AMPPTB E H4<
data E,'4KNe@t ,:0KSelE H4
data E Nerd Girls E H<0
data E MPPT ,o$3s E H>
data E,'4KSet ,:0KMenuE H112
data E,'4K CCV ,:5K PPE H12<
data E ,:0 K #@it E H144
data E6olts K E H10
data ECurrent K E H19
data E E H1>2
start
$all ;C!=nit
mo(l* :G10100100G HinitialiDe 7S',T
mo(*" T?ST' H<C-it, 'syn$, +i%h Speed
mo(l* 028
mo(*" SP:,G H>03-aud W 4M+D
mo(l* :G10010000G
mo(*" ,CST'
-$" T,=SC,2 H$on"i%ure CCP1 module "or -uDDer
H -$" T,=SC,
mo(l* 0@<0
mo(*" P,2 HinitialiDe P1M period
mo(l* 0@<0 HinitialiDe P1M duty $y$le
mo(*" CCP,1;
-$" CCP1C5N,CCP1?
-$" CCP1C5N,CCP1Q
mo(l* 0@08 Hposts$ale 1)1, pres$aler 4, Timer2 5N
mo(*" T2C5N
-s" T,=S',4 Hma3e s*it$h ,'4 an =nput
H'!!=T=5NS /5, '/! C5N6#,T=NG
$lr" P5,T: HClear P5,T:
$lr" T,=S: HP5,T: all outputs, display 4 MS:Gs
Ho" '/! result on ;#!s
-s" T,=S:,0 Hma3e s*it$h ,:0 an =nput
mo(l* :G01000001G H/os$/<, '/! ena-led
mo(*" '!C5N0
mo(l* :G00001110G H:G00001110GH;e"t &usti"y,1 analo% $hannel
mo(*" '!C5N1 H6!! and 6SS re"eren$es
H test re%ister (alue print -y puttin% a (alue into $urrOin
H mo(l* :G00000011G H put (alue in re%ister 1 A38B
H mo(*" (oltOin H put (alue o" re%0 1 into (oltOin
mo(l* :G00000100G H:G01100100G
mo(*" $urrOin H put (alue o" re%0 1 into $urrOin
mo(l* :G00000010G H put (alue 80 A80( output to -attB in re%0 1
mo(*" -attO(olt Hput (alue o" re%0 1 A80B into -attO(olt re%0
HLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL ST'N!',! C5!# M#N7 S#;#CT=5N LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL
H=ntrodu$tion
mo(l* 0<0 Hsend ENerd GirlsE to ;C!
mo(*" ptrOpos
$all stanO$harO1
mo(l* 0> Hsend EMPPT ,o$3sE to ;C!
mo(*" ptrOpos
$all stanO$harO2
$all delayO1s Hdelay "or display
menu
HCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 65;T'G# =N AS5;',BCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
-$" *hi$hOmenu, 3 H-it 3 o" re%ister *hi$hOmenu is $leared to 0
-t"ss s$roll H*ait "or ,'4 release
%oto UC2
-t"ss sele$t H*ait "or ,:0 release
%oto UC2
mo(l* 0@00 H!isplays ESolar 6outE A00B to ;C!
mo(*" ptrOpos
$all stanO$harO1
mo(l* 04 H,'4KNe@t ,:0KSel
mo(*" ptrOpos
$all stanO$harO2
(O*ait
-s" *hi$hOmenu, 0
-t"ss sele$t H(oltmeter measurement 22
-ra (oltmeter
-t"s$ s$roll Hne@t mode 22
-ra (O*ait HN5
-t"ss s$roll HQ#S
-ra UC2 H*ait "or ,'4 release
HCCCCCCCCCCCCCC S5;', C7,,#NT 57TP7T CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
menuO-uD
%oto UC2
-ra UC2
mo(l* 01 H!isplays ESolar =outE to ;C!
mo(*" ptrOpos
$all stanO$harO1
mo(*" ptrOpos
$all stanO$harO2
-O*ait
-s" *hi$hOmenu, 1
-t"ss sele$t H$urrent measurement22
-ra (oltmeter
-t"s$ s$roll Hne@t mode22
-ra -O*ait HN5
-t"ss s$roll HQ#S
HCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC MPPT 65;T'G# 57TP7T CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
menuOtemp
-ra UC2
-ra UC2
mo(l* 032 H!isplay EMPPT 6outE to ;C!
mo(*" ptrOpos
$all stanO$harO1
mo(*" ptrOpos
$all stanO$harO2
tO*ait
-s" *hi$hOmenu, 2
-ra (oltmeter
-ra tO*ait HN5
-t"ss s$roll HQ#S
HCCCCCCCCCCCCC CC MPPT C7,,#NT 57TP7T CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
menuO$lo$3
-ra UC2
-ra UC2
mo(l* 04< H!isplay EMPPT =outE to ;C!
mo(*" ptrOpos
$all stanO$harO1
mo(*" ptrOpos
$all stanO$harO2
HCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCdonGt need $lo$3 stu""CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
$O*ait
-s" *hi$hOmenu, 3
-ra (oltmeter
-ra $O*ait HN5
-t"ss s$roll HQ#S
H -t"ss sele$t H%oto time 22
H -ra $lo$3 HQ#S
H -t"s$ s$roll HN5, ne@t mode 22
H -ra $O*ait HN5
H -t"ss s$roll HQ#S
H -ra UC2 H*ait "or release
HCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCend o" $lo$3 stu""CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
-ra menu H-e%inin% o" menu
return
HLLLLLLLLLLLLL ST'N!',! 7S#, C5!# LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL
HCCCCCCCCCCCCC 6oltmeterCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
(oltmeter
-ra UC2
HCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
H'!!=T=5NS /5, '/! C5N6#,T=NG
H*rite in 001 "or -its 8C3 o" ad$on0
-s" '!C5N0,G5 HStart '/! $on(ersion A$han%es -it 2 o" '!C5N0 to 1B
1ait
-t"ss P=,1,'!=/ H1ait "or $on(ersion to $omplete
%oto 1ait
s*ap" '!,#S+,1 HS*ap '/! result ni--les
andl* 0@0" HMas3 o"" lo*er 4 -its
mo(*" (oltOin H1rite '/! result to P5,T:
HLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL
Hper"orm $al$ulations
-t"s$ *hi$hOmenu, 0 Hi" sele$ted solar (olta%e output A-it 0 o" re%0 *hi$hOmenu *ould then -e 1B
%oto tempOinput(oltprint
-t"s$ *hi$hOmenu, 2 Hi" sele$ted mppt (olta%e output A-it 2 o" re%0 *hi$hOmenu *ould then -e 1B
%oto tempOoutput(oltprint
-t"s$ *hi$hOmenu, 1 Hi" sele$ted solar $urrent output A-it 1 o" re%0 *hi$hOmenu *ould then -e 1B
%oto tempOinput$urrprint
-t"s$ *hi$hOmenu, 3 Hi" sele$ted mppt $urrent output A-it 3 o" re%0 *hi$hOmenu *ould then -e 1B
%oto tempOoutput$urrprint Hsend ECurrent K E to the ;C!
mo(*" ptrOpos
$all stanO$harO1
tempOinput(oltprint
$all ;C!;ineO1
Hmo(l* 0@20 Hspa$e
Hmo(*" tempO*r
H$all dO*rite
Hmo(l* 0@20 Hspa$e
Hmo(*" tempO*r
H$all dO*rite
mo(l* 'G6G Hprint E6E
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(l* 'G;G
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(l* 'GTG
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(l* 'GSG
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(l* 0@20 Hspa$e
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(l* 'G=G
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(l* 'GNG
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(l* 0@20 Hspa$e
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(l* 'GKG Hprint EKE
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(l* 0@20 Hspa$e
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(" (oltOin, 1 Hprint !i%ital =nput test (alue
$all -inO-$d H%et temp ready "or ;C!
mo(" MS!,1 Hsend hi%h di%it
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(" Ms!,1 Hsend middle di%it
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(" ;S!,1 Hsend lo* di%it
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(l* 'G6G
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(l* 0@20 Hspa$e
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
Hend o" sendin% unit to ;C!
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
%oto (oltsOa%ain
HCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
tempOinput$urrprint
$all ;C!;ineO1
Hmo(l* 0@20 Hspa$e
Hmo(*" tempO*r
H$all dO*rite
Hmo(l* 0@20 Hspa$e
Hmo(*" tempO*r
H$all dO*rite
mo(l* 'GCG Hprint ECE
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(l* 'G,G
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(l* 'G,G
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
Hmo(l* 'G#G
Hmo(*" tempO*r
H$all dO*rite
mo(l* 0@20 Hspa$e
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(l* 'G=G
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(l* 'GNG
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(l* 0@20 Hspa$e
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(l* 0@20 Hspa$e
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(" $urrOin, 1 Hprint !i%ital =nput test (alue
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(l* 'GmG
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(l* 'G'G
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(l* 0@20 Hspa$e
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
%oto (oltsOa%ain
HCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
tempOoutput(oltprint
$all ;C!;ineO1
Hmo(l* 0@20 Hspa$e
Hmo(*" tempO*r
H$all dO*rite
Hmo(l* 0@20 Hspa$e
Hmo(*" tempO*r
H$all dO*rite
mo(l* 'G6G Hprint ECE
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(l* 'G;G
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(l* 'GTG
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(l* 'GSG
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(l* 0@20 Hspa$e
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(l* 'G5G
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(l* 'G7G
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(l* 'GTG
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(l* 0@20 Hspa$e
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(l* 0@20 Hspa$e
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(" -attO(olt, 1 Hprint !i%ital =nput test (alue
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(l* 'G6G
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(l* 0@20 Hspa$e
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
%oto (oltsOa%ain
tempOoutput$urrprint
$all ;C!;ineO1
Hmo(l* 0@20 Hspa$e
Hmo(*" tempO*r
H$all dO*rite
Hmo(l* 0@20 Hspa$e
Hmo(*" tempO*r
H$all dO*rite
mo(l* 'GCG Hprint ECE
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(l* 'G,G
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(l* 'G,G
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
Hmo(l* 'G#G
Hmo(*" tempO*r
H$all dO*rite
mo(l* 0@20 Hspa$e
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(l* 'G5G
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(l* 'G7G
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(l* 'GTG
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(l* 0@20 Hspa$e
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(l* 0@20 Hspa$e
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(" (oltOin, 1
mo(*" '',G:0 H(olta%e in
mo(" $urrOin, 1
mo(*" :',G:0 H$urrent in
$all 7M7;0<0<; Hmultiply :',G:0 -y '',G:0 Aresult stored in :',G:1 Ahi%hB and
'',G:1 Alo*B
mo(" :',G:1, 1 Hhi%h -it re%ister result o" mult stored in :',G:0
mo(*" :',G:0
mo(" '',G:1, 1 Hlo* -it re%ister result o" mult stored in '',G:0
mo(*" '',G:0
mo(" -attO(olt, 1 Hstore 806 A(olt0 output to -atteriesB in :',G:1
mo(*" :',G:1
$all 7!=610<; HX:',G:0YX'',G:0Y/X:',G:1Y result stored in '',G:1
mo(" '',G:1, 1 Hstorin% result in '',G:1 and sendin% to re%0 1 to print
$all -inO-$d
mo(" MS!,1
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(" Ms!,1
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(" ;S!,1 Hsend hi%h di%it "rom the ;S! R0@@
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
H mo(" (oltOin, 1 Hmo(es input (olta%e into re%0 1
H mul*" $urrOin Hmultiplies the input (olt0 and input $urr, stores result in 1
H mo(" P,5!;, 1
H mo(*" '',G:0
H mo(" P,5!+, 1
H mo(*" '',G:1
H mo(" -attO(olt, 1 H
H mo(*" :',G:0
H $all 7!=610<;
Hmo(" '',G:0, 1 Hprepare "or 1C-it -inary to :C!
Hmo(*" Num+
Hmo(" '',G:1, 1
Hmo(*" Num;
H$all -in1O-$d H%et (olts ready "or ;C!
H $all ;C!;ineO2 Hdisplay '/! result on 2nd line
Hmo(" +und,1 H%et hunds
H$all -inO-$d
Hmo(" Ms!,1
Hmo(*" tempO*r
H$all dO*rite
Hmo(" ;S!,1 Hsend hi%h di%it "rom the ;S! R0@@
Hmo(*" tempO*r
H$all dO*rite
H mo(" '',G:1, 1
H $all -inO-$d
H mo(" MS!,1 Hsend hi%h di%it
H mo(*" tempO*r
H $all dO*rite
H mo(" Ms!,1 Hsend middle di%it
H mo(*" tempO*r
H $all dO*rite
H mo(" ;S!,1 Hsend lo* di%it
H mo(*" tempO*r
H $all dO*rite
mo(l* 'GmG
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(l* 'G'G
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(l* 0@20 Hspa$e
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
%oto (oltsOa%ain
(oltsOa%ain
mo(l* 0144 H!isplay E,:0 K #@itE to ;C!
mo(*" ptrOpos
$all stanO$harO2
mo(l* EZrE Hmo(e data into T?,#G
mo(*" T?,#G H$arria%e return
-t"ss T?ST',T,MT H*ait "or data T?
-ra UC2
-t"s$ sele$t He@it (olt measurement 22 C i" re%ister sele$t is 0, then s3ip ne@t instru$tion and e@it
-ra (oltmeter HN5, do $on(ersion a%ain
-t"s$ *hi$hOmenu, 0 HQ#S, i" -it 0 o" re%ister *hi$hOmenu is 0, then s3ip ne@t instru$tion
-ra menu H -ran$hes to ne@t menu item Asolar $urrent outputB
-t"s$ *hi$hOmenu, 1 HQ#S, i" -it 1 o" re%0 *hi$hOmenu is 0, s3ips ne@t instr
-ra menuO-uD H -ran$hes to ne@t menu item Amppt (olta%e outputB
-ra menuOtemp H -ran$hes to ne@t menu item Amppt $urrent outputB
-ra menuO$lo$3
HCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C;5CK CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
$lo$3
-t"ss sele$t H*ait "or ,:0 -utton release
-ra UC2
mo(l* 0@0/ HintitialiDe T=M#,1
mo(*" T1C5N
$lr" se$onds
$lr" minutes
$lr" hours
o(er"lo*
-$" P=,1,TM,1=/
mo(l* 0@<0
mo(*" TM,1+ Hload re%s "or 1 se$ o(er"lo*
$lr" TM,1;
in$" se$onds,/ Hin$rement se$onds
mo(" se$onds,1
su-l* 00
-t"ss ST'T7S,T Hin$rement minutes 2
-ra $l3Odone
in$" minutes,/
$lr" se$onds
mo(" minutes,1
su-l* 00
-t"ss ST'T7S,T Hin$rement hours 2
-ra $l3Odone
in$" hours,/
$lr" minutes
mo(" hours,1
su-l* 013
-t"ss ST'T7S,T
-ra $l3Odone
mo(l* 01 Hstart a ne* 12 hour period
mo(*" hours
$l3Odone
mo(" hours,1 Hsend hours to ;C!
$all -inO-$d
$all ;C!;ineO1 Hpla$e time on line 1
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(l* 0@3' Hsend ) $olon
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(" minutes,1 Hsend minutes to ;C!
$all -inO-$d
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(l* 0@3' H send ) $olon
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(" se$onds,1 Hsend se$onds to ;C!
$all -inO-$d
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(l* 0@20 Hsend 3 spa$es a"ter 00)00)00
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(l* 0@20
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(l* 0@20
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(l* 0112 Hsend E,'4K!n ,:0KMenuE to ;C!
mo(*" ptrOpos
$all stanO$harO2
-t"ss s$roll Hset time 22
-ra setOtime
-t"ss sele$t Hreturn to main menu 22
-ra menu
-t"ss P=,1,TM,1=/ Hhas timer1 o(er"lo*ed 2
-ra UC2 HN5, *ait til o(er"lo*
-ra o(er"lo* HQ#S
return
HLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL
HLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL ,57T=N#S LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL
HCCCCStandard $ode, Pla$e $hara$ters on lineC1CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
stanO$harO1
$all ;C!;ineO1 Hmo(e $ursor to line 1
mo(l* 01 H1C"ull line o" ;C!
mo(*" ptrO$ount
mo(l* 7PP#, stanOta-le
mo(*" T:;PT,7
mo(l* +=G+ stanOta-le
mo(*" T:;PT,+
mo(l* ;51 stanOta-le
mo(*" T:;PT,;
mo(" ptrOpos,1
add*" T:;PT,;,/
$lr" 1,#G
add*"$ T:;PT,+,/
add*"$ T:;PT,7,/
stanOne@tO$harO1
t-lrd LP
mo("" T':;'T,tempO*r
$all dO*rite Hsend $hara$ter to ;C!
de$"sD ptrO$ount,/ Hmo(e pointer to ne@t $har
-ra stanOne@tO$harO1
mo(l* EZnE Hmo(e data into T?,#G
mo(*" T?,#G Hne@t line
%oto UC2
%oto UC2
return
HCCCCStandard $ode, Pla$e $hara$ters on lineC2CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
stanO$harO2
$all ;C!;ineO2 Hmo(e $ursor to line 2
mo(l* 01 H1C"ull line o" ;C!
mo(*" ptrO$ount
mo(l* 7PP#, stanOta-le
mo(*" T:;PT,7
mo(l* +=G+ stanOta-le
mo(*" T:;PT,+
mo(l* ;51 stanOta-le
mo(*" T:;PT,;
mo(" ptrOpos,1
add*" T:;PT,;,/
$lr" 1,#G
add*"$ T:;PT,+,/
add*"$ T:;PT,7,/
stanOne@tO$harO2
t-lrd LP
mo("" T':;'T,tempO*r
$all dO*rite Hsend $hara$ter to ;C!
de$"sD ptrO$ount,/ Hmo(e pointer to ne@t $har
-ra stanOne@tO$harO2
mo(l* EZnE Hmo(e data into T?,#G
mo(*" T?,#G Hne@t line
%oto UC2
%oto UC2
return
HCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
HCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 100ms !elay CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
delayO100ms
mo(l* 0@//
mo(*" tempO1
mo(l* 0@<3
mo(*" tempO2
d100l1
de$"sD tempO1,/
-ra d100l1
de$"sD tempO2,/
-ra d100l1
return
HCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 1s !elay CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
delayO1s
mo(l* 0@//
mo(*" tempO1
mo(*" tempO2
mo(l* 0@08
mo(*" tempO3
d1l1
de$"sD tempO1,/
-ra d1l1
de$"sD tempO2,/
-ra d1l1
de$"sD tempO3,/
-ra d1l1
return
HCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC Set Current Time CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
setOtime
mo(l* 012< Hsend E,'4K CCV ,:5K PPE to ;C!
mo(*" ptrOpos
$all stanO$harO2
setOtimeOa%ain
-t"ss s$roll H*ait "or -utton release
-ra UC2
$all ;C!;ineO1 Hstart at 0@00 on ;C!
-ra UC2
$all delayO100ms
-t"ss sele$t Hin$rement hours AtensB 2
-ra in$Ohours
-ra ne@tOdi%it
in$Ohours
in$" hours
mo(" hours,1 H$he$3 i" hours has passed 12 2
su-l* 013
-t"ss ST'T7S,T
-ra ne@tOdi%it
$lr" hours HQ#S, reset hours to 00
ne@tOdi%it
-t"ss s$roll Hmo(e to ne@t di%it
-ra in$Omins
mo(" hours,1
$all -inO-$d H%et hours ready "or display
mo(" Ms!,1 Hsend tens di%it
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(" ;S!,1 Hsend ones di%it
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
-ra setOtimeOa%ain
in$Omins
-t"ss s$roll H*ait "or ,'4 -utton release
-ra UC2
$all ;C!;ineO1
mo(l* 0@14 Hshi"t $ursor to ri%ht 3 pla$es
mo(*" tempO*r
$all iO*rite
mo(l* 0@14
mo(*" tempO*r
$all iO*rite
mo(l* 0@14
mo(*" tempO*r
$all iO*rite
-ra UC2
$all delayO100ms
-t"ss sele$t Hin$rement minutes AtensB 2
-ra in$Ominutes
-ra ne@tOdi%it2
in$Ominutes
in$" minutes
mo(" minutes,1 H$he$3 i" hours has passed 12 2
su-l* 00
-t"ss ST'T7S,T
-ra ne@tOdi%it2
$lr" minutes
ne@tOdi%it2
-t"ss s$roll Hmo(e to ne@t di%it
-ra setOtimeOdone
mo(" minutes,1
$all -inO-$d H%et minutes ready "or display
mo(" Ms!,1 Hsend tens di%it
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(" ;S!,1 Hsend ones di%it
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
mo(*" tempO*r
$all dO*rite
-ra in$Omins
setOtimeOdone
-t"ss s$roll H*ait "or ,'4 -utton release
-ra UC2
-ra o(er"lo*
HCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC :inary A<C-itB to :C! CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
H 288 K hi%hest possi-le result
-inO-$d
$lr" MS!
$lr" Ms!
mo(*" ;S! Hmo(e (alue to ;S!
%hundreth
mo(l* 0100 Hsu-tra$t 100 "rom ;S!
su-*" ;S!,1
-t"ss ST'T7S,C His (alue %reater than 100
-ra %tenth HN5 %oto tenths
mo(*" ;S! HQ#S, mo(e su-tra$tion result into ;S!
in$" MS!,/ Hin$rement hundreths
-ra %hundreth
%tenth
mo(l* 010 Hta3e $are o" tenths
su-*" ;S!,1
-t"ss ST'T7S,C
-ra o(er H"inished $on(ersion
mo(*" ;S!
in$" Ms!,/ Hin$rement tenths position
-ra %tenth
o(er H0 C >, hi%h ni--le K 3 "or ;C!
mo(" MS!,1 H%et :C! (alues ready "or ;C! display
@orl* 0@30 H$on(ert to ;C! di%it
mo(*" MS!
mo(" Ms!,1
mo(*" Ms!
mo(" ;S!,1
mo(*" ;S!
retl* 0
HCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC :inary A1C-itB to :C! CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
H @@@ K hi%hest possi-le result
-in1O-$d
H Ta3es num-er in Num+)Num;
H ,eturns de$imal in
H TenK)Thou)+und)Tens)5nes
s*ap" Num+,1
andl* 0@0/
addl* 0@/0
mo(*" Thou
add*" Thou,/
addl* 0@#2
mo(*" +und
addl* 0@32
mo(*" 5nes
mo(" Num+,1
andl* 0@0/
add*" +und,/
add*" +und,/
add*" 5nes,/
addl* 0@#>
mo(*" Tens
add*" Tens,/
add*" Tens,/
s*ap" Num;,1
andl* 0@0/
add*" Tens,/
add*" 5nes,/
rl$" Tens,/
rl$" 5nes,/
$om" 5nes,/
rl$" 5nes,/
mo(" Num;,1
andl* 0@0/
add*" 5nes,/
rl$" Thou,/
mo(l* 0@09
mo(*" TenK
mo(l* 0@0' H Ten
;-1)
de$" Tens,/
add*" 5nes,/
-t"ss ST'T7S,C
-ra ;-1
;-2)
de$" +und,/
add*" Tens,/
-t"ss ST'T7S,C
-ra ;-2
;-3)
de$" Thou,/
add*" +und,/
-t"ss ST'T7S,C
-ra ;-3
;-4)
de$" TenK,/
add*" Thou,/
-t"ss ST'T7S,C
-ra ;-4
retl* 0
HCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC ##P,5M 1,=T# CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
*riteOeeprom
-s" SSPC5N2,S#N Hstart -it
-t"s$ SSPC5N2,S#N
%oto UC2
mo(l* :G10100000G Hsend $ontrol -yte A*riteB
mo(*" SSP:7/
sspr*
-t"s$ SSPC5N2,'CKST'T Ha$32
%oto UC2
mo(l* 0@00 Hsend sla(e address +=G+ -yte
mo(*" SSP:7/
sspr*
%oto UC2
mo(l* 0@08 Hsend sla(e address ;51 -yteA0@0008B
mo(*" SSP:7/
sspr*
%oto UC2
mo(" temperature,* Hsend sla(e !'T' K temperature
mo(*" SSP:7/
sspr*
%oto UC2
-s" SSPC5N2,P#N Hstop -it
-t"s$ SSPC5N2,P#N
%oto UC2
-$" P=,1,TM,1=/ H$lear T=M#,1 o(er"lo* "la%
$lr" TM,1; H$lear re%isters "or ne@t o(er"lo*
$lr" TM,1+
return
HLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL
end
#PPENDI: 0)3)( L'D)#SM
HLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL
HL /ilename)
HL p1<l$d0asm Amain routineB
HL !ependents)
HL p1<demo0asm
HL p1<math0asm
HL 1"<990l3r
list pK1<"482
Rde"ine ;C!O!4 P5,T!, 0 H ;C! data -its
Rde"ine ;C!O!8 P5,T!, 1
Rde"ine ;C!O! P5,T!, 2
Rde"ine ;C!O!9 P5,T!, 3
Rde"ine ;C!O!4O!=, T,=S!, 0 H ;C! data -its
Rde"ine ;C!O!8O!=, T,=S!, 1
Rde"ine ;C!O!O!=, T,=S!, 2
Rde"ine ;C!O!9O!=, T,=S!, 3
Rde"ine ;C!O# P5,T', 1 H ;C! # $lo$3
Rde"ine ;C!O,1 P5,T', 2 H ;C! read/*rite line
Rde"ine ;C!O,S P5,T', 3 H ;C! re%ister sele$t line
Rde"ine ;C!O#O!=, T,=S', 1
Rde"ine ;C!O,1O!=, T,=S', 2
Rde"ine ;C!O,SO!=, T,=S', 3
Rde"ine ;C!O=NS 0
Rde"ine ;C!O!'T' 1
!O;C!O!'T' 7!'T'
C57NT#, res 1
delay res 1
tempO*r res 1
tempOrd res 1
G;5:'; tempO*r
P,5G1 C5!#
HLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL
;C!;ineO1
mo(l* 0@<0
mo(*" tempO*r
r$all iO*rite
return
G;5:'; ;C!;ineO1
;C!;ineO2
mo(l* 0@C0
mo(*" tempO*r
r$all iO*rite
return
G;5:'; ;C!;ineO2
H*rite data
dO*rite
mo("" tempO*r,T?,#G
-t"ss T?ST',T,MT
%oto UC2
r$all ;C!:usy
-s" ST'T7S, C
r$all ;C!1rite
return
G;5:'; dO*rite
H*rite instru$tion
iO*rite
r$all ;C!:usy
-$" ST'T7S, C
r$all ;C!1rite
return
G;5:'; iO*rite
rl$d ma$ro MQ,#G=ST#,
=/ MQ,#G=ST#, KK 1
-s" ST'T7S, C
r$all ;C!,ead
#;S#
-$" ST'T7S, C
r$all ;C!,ead
#N!=/
endm
H LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL
;C!=nit
$lr" P5,T'
-$" ;C!O#O!=, H$on"i%ure $ontrol lines
-$" ;C!O,1O!=,
-$" ;C!O,SO!=,
mo(l* -G00001110G
mo(*" '!C5N1
mo(l* 0@"" H 1ait [18ms W 20 M+D
mo(*" C57NT#,
lil1
mo(l* 0@//
mo(*" delay
r$all !elay?Cy$les
de$"sD C57NT#,,/
-ra lil1
mo(l* -G00110000G HR1 Send $ontrol seFuen$e
mo(*" tempO*r
-$" ST'T7S,C
r$all ;C!1riteNi--le
mo(l* 0@"" H1ait [4ms W 20 M+D
mo(*" C57NT#,
lil2
mo(l* 0@//
mo(*" delay
r$all !elay?Cy$les
de$"sD C57NT#,,/
-ra lil2
mo(*" tempO*r
-$" ST'T7S,C
mo(l* 0@// H1ait [100us W 20 M+D
mo(*" delay
r$all !elay?Cy$les
mo(*" tempO*r
-$" ST'T7S,C
Htest delay
mo(l* 0@// H1ait [100us W 20 M+D
mo(*" delay
r$all !elay?Cy$les
mo(l* -G00100000G HR4 set 4C-it
mo(*" tempO*r
-$" ST'T7S,C
r$all ;C!:usy H:usy2
mo(l* -G00101000G HR8 /un$tion set
mo(*" tempO*r
r$all iO*rite
mo(l* -G00001101G HR !isplay K 5N
mo(*" tempO*r
r$all iO*rite
mo(l* -G00000001G HR9 !isplay Clear
mo(*" tempO*r
r$all iO*rite
mo(l* -G00000110G HR< #ntry Mode
mo(*" tempO*r
r$all iO*rite
mo(l* -G10000000G H!!,'M addresss 0000
mo(*" tempO*r
r$all iO*rite
return
G;5:'; ;C!=nit
;C!1riteNi--le
-t"ss ST'T7S, C H Set the re%ister sele$t
-$" ;C!O,S
-t"s$ ST'T7S, C
-s" ;C!O,S
-$" ;C!O,1 H Set *rite mode
-$" ;C!O!4O!=, H Set data -its to outputs
-$" ;C!O!8O!=,
-$" ;C!O!O!=,
-$" ;C!O!9O!=,
N5P H Small delay
N5P
-s" ;C!O# H Setup to $lo$3 data
-t"ss tempO*r, 9 H Set hi%h ni--le
-$" ;C!O!9
-t"s$ tempO*r, 9
-s" ;C!O!9
-t"ss tempO*r,
-$" ;C!O!
-t"s$ tempO*r,
-s" ;C!O!
-t"ss tempO*r, 8
-$" ;C!O!8
-t"s$ tempO*r, 8
-s" ;C!O!8
-t"ss tempO*r, 4
-$" ;C!O!4
-t"s$ tempO*r, 4
-s" ;C!O!4
N5P
N5P
-$" ;C!O# H Send the data
return
;C!1rite
H r$all ;C!:usy
s*ap" tempO*r,/
s*ap" tempO*r,/
return
G;5:'; ;C!1rite
;C!,ead
-s" ;C!O!4O!=, H Set data -its to inputs
-s" ;C!O!8O!=,
-s" ;C!O!O!=,
-s" ;C!O!9O!=,
-t"ss ST'T7S, C H Set the re%ister sele$t
-$" ;C!O,S
-t"s$ ST'T7S, C
-s" ;C!O,S
-s" ;C!O,1 H,ead K 1
N5P
N5P
N5P
N5P
N5P
N5P
-t"ss ;C!O!9 H Get hi%h ni--le
-$" tempOrd, 9
-t"s$ ;C!O!9
-s" tempOrd, 9
-t"ss ;C!O!
-$" tempOrd,
-t"s$ ;C!O!
-s" tempOrd,
-t"ss ;C!O!8
-$" tempOrd, 8
-t"s$ ;C!O!8
-s" tempOrd, 8
-t"ss ;C!O!4
-$" tempOrd, 4
-t"s$ ;C!O!4
-s" tempOrd, 4
-$" ;C!O# H /inished readin% the data
N5P
N5P
N5P
N5P
N5P
N5P
N5P
N5P
N5P
N5P
-t"ss ;C!O!9 H Get lo* ni--le
-$" tempOrd, 3
-t"s$ ;C!O!9
-s" tempOrd, 3
-t"ss ;C!O!
-$" tempOrd, 2
-t"s$ ;C!O!
-s" tempOrd, 2
-t"ss ;C!O!8
-$" tempOrd, 1
-t"s$ ;C!O!8
-s" tempOrd, 1
-t"ss ;C!O!4
-$" tempOrd, 0
-t"s$ ;C!O!4
-s" tempOrd, 0
-$" ;C!O# H /inished readin% the data
/in,d
return
;C!:usy
H Che$3 :/
rl$d ;C!O=NS
-t"s$ tempOrd, 9
-ra ;C!:usy
return
G;5:'; ;C!:usy
!elay?Cy$les
de$"sD delay,/
-ra !elay?Cy$les
return
#N!
#PPENDI: 0)3)3 M#T3)#SM
HL /ilename)
HL p1<math0asm Amain routineB
HL !esi%ned to run at 4M+D
HL P=C!#M 2 P;7S !#M5 $ode
list pK1<"482
Rde"ine OC ST'T7S,0
M'T+O6', 7!'T'
'',G:0 ,#S 1
'',G:1 ,#S 1
'',G:8 ,#S 1
:',G:0 ,#S 1
:',G:1 ,#S 1
,#M:0 ,#S 1
,#M:1 ,#S 1
T#MP ,#S 1
;55PC57NT ,#S 1
G;5:'; '',G:0, '',G:1, :',G:0, :',G:1, ,#M:0, '',G:8, ,#M:1, T#MP
P,5G2 C5!#
HCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC < L < 7NS=GN#! M7;T=P;Q CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
H Ma@ Timin%) 3P12PL<P9 K 90 $l3s
H Min Timin%) 3P9LP8P3 K 83 $l3s
H PM) 1> !M) 4
7M7;0<0<;
C;,/ '',G:1
M56;1 0@0<
M561/ ;55PC57NT
M56/ '',G:0,1
;55P7M0<0<'
,,C/ :',G:0, /
:T/SC OC
-ra ;7M0<0<N'P
!#C/ST ;55PC57NT, /
-ra ;55P7M0<0<'
C;,/ '',G:0
,#T;1 0@00
;7M0<0<N'P
:C/ OC
-ra ;7M0<0<N'
;55P7M0<0<
,,C/ :',G:0, /
:T/SC OC
'!!1/ '',G:0, /
;7M0<0<N' ,,C/ '',G:0, /
,,C/ '',G:1, /
!#C/ST ;55PC57NT, /
-ra ;55P7M0<0<
return
G;5:'; 7M7;0<0<;
HCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 1/< 7NS=GN#! !=6=!# CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

H Ma@ Timin%) 2P9L12P11P3P9L24P23 K 2>1 $l3s
H Min Timin%) 2P9L11P10P3P9L19P1 K 229 $l3s
H PM) 3> !M) 9
7!=610<;
G;5:'; 7!=610<;
C;,/ ,#M:0 H$lears $ontents o" re%ister ,#M:0
M56;1 < Hmo(es < into re%ister ;55PC57NT
M561/ ;55PC57NT
;55P710<' ,;C/ '',G:0,1 H$ontents o" re%0 '',G:0 rotated one -it to le"t throu%h $arry
"la% Aresult in 1B
,;C/ ,#M:0, / H$ontents o" re%0 ,#M:0 rotated one -it to le"t throu%h $arry "la%
M56/ :',G:0,1 Hmo(es $ontents o" :',G:0 to re%0 1
S7:1/ ,#M:0, /
:T/SC OC
-ra 75K<'
'!!1/ ,#M:0, /
:C/ OC
75K<' ,;C/ '',G:0, /
!#C/ST ;55PC57NT, /
-ra ;55P710<'
C;,/ T#MP
M56;1 <
M561/ ;55PC57NT
;55P710<: ,;C/ '',G:1,1
,;C/ ,#M:0, /
,;C/ T#MP, /
M56/ :',G:0,1
S7:1/ ,#M:0, /
C;,/ '',G:8
C;,1
:T/SS OC
=NC/ST '',G:8,1
S7:1/ T#MP, /
:T/SC OC
-ra 75K<:
M56/ :',G:0,1
'!!1/ ,#M:0, /
C;,/ '',G:8
C;,1
:T/SC OC
=NC/ST '',G:8,1
'!!1/ T#MP, /
:C/ OC
75K<: ,;C/ '',G:1, /
!#C/ST ;55PC57NT, /
-ra ;55P710<:
return
G;5:'; 7!=610<;
end
#PPENDI: 0)3), P2PLSP(1)L9R
// Sample linker command file for 18F452i used with MPLA !"# 2
// $!d% 18f452i&lkr'( 1&1 2))2/)2/2* 1*%55%21 sealep +,p $
L!PA-. &
"/#+PA0+ 1AM+2(ectors S-A3-2),) +1#2),24 P3/-+"-+#
"/#+PA0+ 1AM+2pa5e S-A3-2),2A +1#2),6#F
"/#+PA0+ 1AM+2de7u5 S-A3-2),6#") +1#2)86FFF P3/-+"-+#
"/#+PA0+ 1AM+2idlocs S-A3-2),2))))) +1#2),2))))6 P3/-+"-+#
"/#+PA0+ 1AM+2confi5 S-A3-2),9))))) +1#2),9))))# P3/-+"-+#
"/#+PA0+ 1AM+2de(id S-A3-2),9FFFF+ +1#2),9FFFFF P3/-+"-+#
"/#+PA0+ 1AM+2eedata S-A3-2),F))))) +1#2),F)))FF P3/-+"-+#
A""+SSA1: 1AM+2accessram S-A3-2),) +1#2),6F
#A-AA1: 1AM+25pr) S-A3-2),8) +1#2),FF
#A-AA1: 1AM+25pr1 S-A3-2),1)) +1#2),1FF
#A-AA1: 1AM+25pr2 S-A3-2),2)) +1#2),2FF
#A-AA1: 1AM+25pr9 S-A3-2),9)) +1#2),9FF
#A-AA1: 1AM+25pr4 S-A3-2),4)) +1#2),4FF
#A-AA1: 1AM+25pr5 S-A3-2),5)) +1#2),5F9
#A-AA1: 1AM+2d75spr S-A3-2),5F4 +1#2),5FF P3/-+"-+#
A""+SSA1: 1AM+2accesssfr S-A3-2),F8) +1#2),FFF P3/-+"-+#
S+"-!/1 1AM+2S-A3-;P 3/M2(ectors
S+"-!/1 1AM+2P3/01 3/M2pa5e
#PPENDI: 0), D#T#S3EETS
#PPENDI: 0),)( PI' MI'R%'%NTR%LER
#PPENDI: 0),)2 D';D' '%N4ERTER PT,(22#
#PPENDI: 0),)3 D';D' '%N4ERTER TPS/03,IP
#PPENDI: 0),), P6M TL.21'N
#PPENDI: 0),), P6M TL.21'N
#PPENDI: 0),). DI%DE (/'TU0,S
#PPENDI: 0),)/ LT' D#' (,.('M1
Nerd Girls Solar/MPPT Group May 12, 2003 /
#PPENDI: 0),)0 M%S&ET I:&:20N20<
#PPENDI: 0),)1 M%S&ET DRI4ER M#:,,20'P#
Nerd Girls Solar/MPPT Group May 12, 2003 </
1) RE&EREN'ES
:P Solar0 20020 :P Solar =nternational ;;C0 Mar$h 2003 \http)//***0-psolar0$om/V
M=nternational 7ltra"ast ,e$ti"ier 1CT704S !ata Sheet0N =nternational ,e$ti"ier, 20010
M=?QS +iPer/#T Po*er M5S/#Ts =?/? >0N20. !ata Sheet0N =?QS, 20020
M;inear Te$hnolo%y Mi$ropo*er !'Cs0N ;inear Te$hnolo%y Corporation, 1>>80
MP=C1</??< !ata Sheet0N Mi$ro$hip Te$hnolo%y =n$0, 20020
NMa@im +i%hCSpeed, ' Sin%le M5S/#T !ri(ers !ata Sheet0N Ma@im =nte%rated
Produ$ts, 1>>20
MMP'SM and MP;=NK P=Cmi$ro .ui$3 ,e"eren$e Guide0N Mi$ro$hip Te$hnolo%y =n$0,
20000
Pred3o, My3e0 Pro%rammin% and CustomiDin% P=Cmi$ro Mi$ro$ontrollers0 Ne* Qor3)
M$Mra*C+ill Companies, =n$0, 20020

MPT4120 Series !ata Sheet0N Te@as =nstruments =n$orporated, 20020
The :it :u$3et) Ma@imim Po*er Point Tra$3ers0 1>><0 Team Pr=S7m0 January 20030
\http)//***0dr%*0net/*or3shop/MPPT/mppt0htmlV
MT;8>< PulseC1idthCModulation Control Cir$uits0N Te@as =nstruments =n$orporated,
1>>>0
MTPS934= /i@ed 12C( 120Cm' :oostCCon(erter Supply !ata Sheet0N Te@as
=nstruments =n$orporated, 1>>>0
Nerd Girls Solar/MPPT Group May 12, 2003 >/
2) #'9N%6LEDGEMENTS
1e *ould li3e to than3 our pro&e$t ad(isor, Pro"essor Karen Panetta, "or her support
throu%hout the year and "or %i(in% us the opportunity to *or3 on a $hallen%in% and
uniFue pro&e$t *ith an amaDin% team o" en%ineers0
1e *ould also li3e to than3 our pro&e$t $onsultants, Matthe* +eller, ,i$hard Colom-o,
and Mi$hael .ua%lia, "or their %enerous time, patien$e, and %uidan$e *ith the MPPT
desi%n0 1e ha(e learned (alua-le en%ineerin% pro&e$t s3ills that *e $an apply to "uture
endea(ors0
Many than3s also %o out to Pro&e$t Mana%er ;arisa S$hel3in, Pro"essor Ste(en
Morrison, Geor%e Pre-le, and 1arren Ga%osian "or their undyin% *illin%ness to help
*ith any aspe$t o" the pro&e$t0

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