Department of Mathematics, LNMIIT,Jaipur

MATH-3- Linear Algebra 204-15-Assignment-1

1. Let A and B be two square matrices of dimension n. Show that(A + B)

t
=
A
t
+ B
t
and (AB)
t
= B
t
A
t
.
2. Let A
1
, A
2
, ..., A
n
be n square invertible matrices of dimension n. Show that
the product A
1
A
2
...A
n
is also an invertible matrix.
3. Let A be an invertible matrix. Show that A cannot have a zero row or a
zero column.
4. Let A and B be symmetric matrices. Show that AB is symmetric i AB =
BA.
5. Let A be a square symmetric matrix with A
2
= 0. Is it necessary that A = 0.
6. Let x =

x
1
x
2

, y =

y
1
y
2

. Let A =

1 0
0 1

and B =

cos sin
sin cos

.
Geometrically interpret y = Ax and y = Bx.
7. For a square matrix A dene trace of A by
tr(A) = a
11
+ a
22
+ ... + a
nn
Show that tr(A + B) = tr(A) + tr(B) and tr(AB) = tr(BA). Also Show
that there do not exist 2 matices of dimension n such that AB BA = cI
n
for any c = 0.
8. Let A =

1 1 1
1 4 5
1 4 7

and b =

1
3
5

.
(a) Solve Ax = b by the row operation method.
(b) Find the inverse of A.
9. A square matrix A is said to be nilpotent if A
k
= 0 for a positive integer k.
(a) Show that any invertible matrix is not nilpotent.
(b) Show that any triangular matrix with zero diagonal is nilpotent.
(c) Show that if A is nilpotent with A
k
= 0, then I A is invertible with
its inverse I + A + ... + A
k1
.
10. Suppose A, B, C and D are nn matrices such that D = A
1
BA. Calculate
D
n
.

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For Students:
1. Lat A be matrix as in Problem 8 (above). Write A as a product of elementary
matrices.
2. Find all possible choices of a, b and c so that A =

a b
c 0

has an inverse
matrix such that A = A
1
.
3. Suppose A is a 21 matrix and B is a 12 matrix. Prove that the product
AB is not invertible.
4. Suppose that A
2
+ 2A + I = 0. Show that A is invertible.
5. Find all (real) 2 2 matrices such that A
2
= 0.
6. Let A and B be n n (real) matrices. Assume that A = B, A
3
= B
3
and
A
2
B = B
2
A. Is A
2
+ B
2
invertible ?
7. Let A and B be n n matrices. If I AB is invertible then show that
I BA is invertible.
8. If an n n real matrix A satises the relation AA
t
= 0 then show that
A = 0.
9. Let (M
3
(R) be the set of all real 33 matrices. Let A M
3
(R). If AB = BA
for all B M
3
(R), then show that A = I for some R.
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