Effective Reading Skills

MBA Program SBM-ITB

14 August 2014
Prof. Jann Hidajat Tjakraatmadja
Didin Kristinawati, ST. MSc
Dedy Sushandoyo, PhD
Nur Arief Putranto, ST. MHRMHons
Introduction
Learning nvironment
Learning Strategies
Reading Strategies
Tips for Reading
Tips in reading textbook, journal articles, and
case studies


Learning Environment
1. Finding a good place to study
Quite
Free of interruptions
Prepared with supplies/organized
2. Knowing your learning styles
Auditory
Visual
Kinesthetic

Learning Strategies
Learning Strategy for Visual Type
Use picture,
map, graph,
diagram
Visualize the
material inside
your mind
Give colours and
picture inside
your note
Understand material
through picture
Learning Strategy for Auditori Type
Listen
carefully the
explanation
from lecturer
Explain verbally the
lesson to your friend
You can use music or
songs to help you
remembering
Tape your lesson
Learn by imitating
and practices
Use as many as
possible your body
part
After class or study, try to write
the important points of the lesson
Learning Strategy for Kinesthetic Type
Reading Strategies
Reading Strategies
Previewing the text to get overview
Previewing a text means that you get an idea of what it is
about without actually reading the main body of the text.
Function
to help you decide whether a book or journal is useful for
your purpose; to get a general sense of the article
structure, to help you locate relevant information; to help
you to identify the sections of the text you may need to
read


Reading Strategies
How to do previewing
Start by reading:
the title and author details
the abstract (if there is one)
then read only the parts that jump out; that is:
main headings and sub headings, chapter
summaries, any highlighted text
the first sentence in each paragraph

Reading Strategies
Skimming
Skimming involves running your eye very quickly over
large chunks of text. It is different from previewing
because skimming involves the paragraph text.
Skimming allows you to pick up some of the main ideas
without paying attention to detail.
Function
to quickly locate relevant sections from a large quantity
of written material. Especially useful when there are few
headings or graphic elements to gain an overview of a
text. Skimming adds further information to an overview


Reading Strategies
How to skim
note any bold print and graphics.
start at the beginning of the reading and glide
your eyes over the text very quickly.
do not actually read the text in total. You may read
a few words of every paragraph, perhaps the first
and last sentences.

Reading Strategies
Scanning
Scanning is sweeping your eyes (like radar) over part of
a text to find specific pieces of information.
Function
to quickly locate specific information from a large
quantity of written material


Reading Strategies
How to scan
start scanning the text by allowing your eyes (or
finger) to move quickly over a page.
as soon as your eye catches an important word or
phrase, stop reading.
when you locate information requiring attention,
you then slow down to read the relevant section
more thoroughly.


Reading Strategies
Intensive Reading
Intensive reading is detailed, focused, study reading of
those important parts, pages or chapters
Function
When you have previewed an article and used the
techniques of skimming and scanning to find what you
need to concentrate on, then you can slow down and do
some intensive reading.


Reading Strategies
How to do intensive reading
start at the beginning. Underline any unfamiliar
words or phrases, but do not stop the flow of your
reading.
if the text is relatively easy, underline, highlight or
make brief notes. if the text is difficult, read it
through at least once before making notes.
be alert to the main ideas. Each paragraph should
have a main idea.
when you have finished go back to the unfamiliar
vocabulary. Look it up in an ordinary or subject-
specific dictionary.



Tips for Reading
Tips for Reading
Reading with Purpose
Always read with a purpose in mind. Before you begin,
you should have an idea of why you are reading and
what you are looking for/ what you want to achieve. Are
you reading:
to locate specific information?
to understand difficult ideas?
to gain an overview of something?
to enjoy words and descriptions (as in poetry and
some prose)?
to relax and escape into a novel?

Tips for Reading
Be Selective about what you read
Establish which readings are required for your
particular course and which are suggested (not
compulsory).
There will be times when you need to read an entire
article or chapter in detail. At other times you may be
looking for specific information relating to an
assignment topic and only a couple of pages or even a
couple of paragraphs in a text will be useful.

Tips for Reading
How to select your reading
Know what you are looking for (i.e. have a
purpose)
Identify key words to help you search
Look for these key words when browsing the table
of contents and index of a book for relevant pages
Obtain an overview to further narrow down the
possibly useful field

Tips for Reading
SQ3R Method
Survey a quick scan of the chapter
Question creating questions from the
survey
Read read the chapter
Recite talk about what you are reading
Review keep coming back to the material
Tips for Reading
Focus on the question/task
Ask yourself what it is you must find out. Identify
questions you want to answer; actively look for
those answers and evidence to inform them.
Identify a few topic key words to look for
If you are reading for a specific assignment, read
with a copy of the question/ task on hand so you
dont waste time reading irrelevant material.
Tips for Reading
Before you read, establish what you already
know
Ask yourself what you already know or think about this
topic
If you have a reading list, select a source that might
offer a good starting point.
Read any related questions to the reading before
doing the reading.
Identify your expectations - what do you think it will be
about?
Ask yourself questions about the topic. ask yourself
what you want to find out.

Tips for Reading
Break reading into manageable segments
Identify your purpose and the time you have
available
Set yourself a goal (for example, decide to read
for a set length of time or a certain number of
pages).
Reward yourself with a break when youve
completed it.
The tasks and goals may be large or small,
depending on what needs to be achieved.

Tips for Reading
Keep track what you read
Always note where information and ideas come
from. Record details of author, title, place of
publication, publisher and date so that you can
find the text again if necessary. Always record
page numbers with any notes you take.
Tips in reading textbook,
journal articles, and case
studies
Tips in reading Textbook
A lot of information can be gathered by
scanning the overall book before you begin to
read in depth. Some of the things to take note
of are the book's title, table of contents,
chapter headings, section headings, and
index.
Tips in reading Textbook
Title
The title of the book itself is the first item that can tell you about the
book.
Table of contents
The table of contents has the function of helping you to locate
information.
Chapter headings
Chapter headings tell us that the book will first detail the concepts
Section headings
Section headings presents subtopics that detail further the chapter
headings
Index
Index help you to find specific word in textbook



Tips in reading Journal Articles
Journal articles usually have a quite rigid
structure that is determined by the particular
journal in which they appear and by the type
of research being reported; this makes
extracting information from them sometimes
easier. The journal articles mostly follow the
format of abstract, introduction, methods,
results, discussion, conclusion.
Tips in reading Journal Articles
Abstract
Provides a complete overview of what the research is
about, what it did, how it did it, what it found and what
those results mean.
Introductions
Provides a brief review of previous research, a rationale
or reason for the research and an outline of exactly what
it is that the research is aiming to do.
Methods
Describe the methods used in the research.



Tips in reading Journal Articles
Results
Describe the results found
Discussion
provide an interpretation of what the results actually
mean in terms of the field and the original research
question or hypothesis
Conclusion
Provides a forum for a holistic discussion of the meaning
and implications of the research. It also details the
implications of the research and make recommendations
about further research or policy and practice in the
relevant area.



Tips in reading Case studies
Case studies are used in many professional education
programs, primarily in business school, to present real-
world situations to students and to assess their ability to
parse out the important aspects of a given dilemma. In
general, a case study should include, in order:
background on the business environment, description of
the given business, identification of a key problem or
issue, steps taken to address the issue, your
assessment of that response, and suggestions for better
business strategy.
Tips in reading Case studies
Background on the business environment
Describe the nature of the organization under consideration
and its competitors. Provide general information about the
market and customer base.
Description of the given business
Analyze its management structure, employee base, and
financial history. Describe annual revenues and profit. Provide
figures on employment. Provide a brief overview of the
business's leaders and command chain.
Identification of a key problem or issue
Decide which is the main concern of the case study by
examining what most of the data talks about, the main
problems facing the business, and the conclusions at the end
of the study.


Tips in reading Case studies
Steps taken to address the issue
Draw on the information you gathered and trace a
chronological progression of steps taken (or not taken).
Assessment of that response
Indicate whether or not each aspect of the response met its
goal and whether the response overall was well-crafted.
Suggestions for better business strategy
Suggest alternative or improved measures that could have
been taken by the business, using specific examples and
backing up your suggestions with data and calculations.

Thank You