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(a)
+1 or Cu+ (1)
2
10
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d or Ar 3d
10
(1)
Cu C1 4 (1)
Tetrahedral (1)
(c)
(d)
(e)
2
CuC1 4
1
2+
+4C1 (1)
2
[9]
2.
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
[Al (H2O)6]
3+
(i)
2+
(c)
+ 3Cl (1)
[Al(OH) (H2O)5]
(iii)
3+
3+
effervescence (1)
brown
ppt (1)
(1)
or [Cr(OH)4(H2O)2]
6
[11]
3.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
3+
+ 2Cl (1)
3
[3]
4.
[Co(H2O)6]
2+
(1)
AgCl (1)
+
[Ag(NH3)2] (1)
[CoCl4]
(1)
2+
[Co(NH3)6]
3+
(1)
5.
(a)
(b)
2
(d)
2
(e)
Same number (1), and same type of bonds (1), broken and made
(f)
ClNH3CH2CH2NH3Cl (1)
2+
OR (NH3CH2CH2NH3) 2Cl
Allow C2H10N2Cl2 and NH3ClCH2CH2NH3Cl
1
[11]
6.
(a)
octahedral (1)
(b)
[Fe(H2O)6]
3+
+ H2O [Fe(OH)(H2O)5]
2+
+ H3O (1)
(or any base)
(protonated base)
1
(c)
[Fe(OH)(H2O)5]
2+
or
[Fe(OH)2(H2O)4]
(1)
(d)
HNO3 H3O+ addition or increases concentration of acid (1)
reverses equilibrium or forms [Fe(H2O)6]3+ (1)
2
(e)
(f)
Identity H2 (1)
Fe(OH)3(H2O)3 or Fe(OH)3 (1)
3Mg + 2[Fe(H2O)6]
3+
3Mg
2+
3
[10]
7.
(a)
3d
1
2+
(b)
[Co(H2O)6]
Pink
(c)
(i)
[Co(NH3)6]
Pale brown or straw
(ii)
[Co(H2O)6]
(d)
1
1
2+
2+
1
1
+ 6NH3 [Co(NH3)6]
2+
+ 6H2O
3+
[Co(NH3)6]
An oxidising agent
1
1
[8]
8.
(a)
(b)
copper-containing species:
+5;
+4;
oxygen;
2+
[Cu(H2O)6] ;
1
octahedral;
1
shape:
(c)
(i)
precipitate B:
equation:
2+
OR
+
2+
1
1
1
(d)
(ii)
(i)
identity: [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2] ;
colour: deep blue;
equation:
2+
1
1
(ii)
(e)
1
2+
identity:
[CuCl4] ;
1
yellow-green;
1
tetrahedral;
1
colour:
shape:
(f)
10
(i)
Is 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d ;
(ii)
role of Cu:
1
a reducing agent;
1
[17]
9.
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
3+
1
1
NaOH
(or KOH)
+6
(or 6 or +VI or VI)
H2O2
(orNa2O2 or BaO2)
3
1
+
(c)
(i)
3+
H
N
H 2N
N H
N H
Cr
N
H
H 2N
(ii)
(iii)
(d)
Correct 3+ charge
(Mark independently but must not have 6 monodentate ligands)
1
1
[Cr(H2O)6]
2+
Reducing agent
(mark independently)
1
1
(e)
(i)
(ii)
1
[18]
10.
1
1
1
Species
Balance
1
1
Max 4
NB
11.
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(i)
(ii)
2+
(iii)
1
1
1
1
[Co(H 2 O) 6 ] 2 3C 2 O 24 [Co(C 2 O 4 ) 3 ] 4 6H 2 O
Complex ions
Balanced
Allow all substitution except
(i) NH3 by H2O
1
1
(iv)
4
or H2O orNH3 by C 2 O4 and NH 3 or Cl by EDTA
(c)
2+
(i)
[Fe(H2O)6]
(ii)
(iii)
Fe is oxidised to Fe
By oxygen in the air
2+
1
1
3+
or Fe(OH)3
1
1
1
[15]
12.
(i)
2+
(1)
(ii)
[Co(NH3)6]
(1)
(iii)
Type of reaction: Co
2+
oxidised to Co
3+
(1)
13.
(a)
(i)
10
2+
Cu
(b)
Cu 3d 4s / 4s 3d
3d
10
) (1)
) mark independently
) (1)
(i)
(ii)
octahedral (1)
(c)
(i)
(ii)
[Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]
2+
only (1)
1
[10]
14.
(a)
(i)
(ii)
Equation 1
[Al(H2O)6]
Equation 2
3+
+ 3H2O [2]
5
C l /B r re a g e n t
sta te d (1 )
filte r o ff A g X (1 )
d is s o lv e in N H 3
or N a 2S 2 O 3
o r K C N (1 )
X S (1 )
N H 3 (1 )
f ilte r o f f
A l(O H )3
o r p r e c ip ita te s
(1 )
X S N a O H (1 )
filte r o ff A g 2 O
(1 )
d is s o lv e in N H 3
o r N a 2S 2 O 3
or K C N
o r H N O 3 (1 )
(b)
+
linear (1)
5
[10]
15.
(i)
Yellow-green species
[CuCl4] (1)
Shape
tetrahedral (1)
+2 (1)
(ii)
[CuCl4] + 6H2O
[Cu(H2O)6]
(iii)
2+
+ 4Cl (1)
10
5
[5]
16.
(a)
(b)
Fe (1)
2+
[Fe(H2O)6] (1)
[Fe(OH)2(H2O)4] (1)
[Fe(OH)3(H2O)3] (1)
Cu (1)
2+
[Cu(H2O)6] (1)
2
[CuCl4] (1)
[Cu(OH)2(H2O)4] (1)
[Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]
2+
(1)
5
[9]
17.
(a)
(i)
[Cr(H2O)6]
3+
+ H2O [Cr(H2O)5(OH)]
3+
2+
2+
+ H3O (1)
+
OR [Cr(H2O)6] [Cr(H2O)5(OH)] + H
DO NOT allow reactions with bases other than water
Allow loss of up to 2 H
(ii)
Cr
3+
is smaller than Cr
OR Cr
Cr
3+
3+
2+
(1)
3
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
3+
(aq) given an
4
[9]
18.
(a)
3+
(i)
(ii)
2 5 (1)
+
Ga 3 ion or high change density (1)
hydrolysis or polarises H2O or OH bond (1)
+ 3Cl (1)
(i)
effervescence (1)
ppt (1)
penalise if coloured
[Ga(H2O)6]
3+
2H3O + CO3
3+
ppt (1)
not if coloured
dissolves in excess (1)
[Ga(H2O)6]
3+
or [Ga(H2O)6]
3+
or
or
8
[12]
19.
(a)
electron donor (1)
electron pair acceptor (1)
2
(b)
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 (1)
no lone pair or not a Lewis base (1)
or H N O 3
Z n o r S n o r F e /H C l H C l o r H 2 S O 4 B a C l 2 /H c l
n o th in g
n o th in g
w h ite p p t
c o lo u r
c o lo u r
n o th in g
seen
seen
(c)
(1 )
(1 )
(1 )
(i)
N aO H or N H
(ii)
alternatives:
(K 2 C r 2 O 7 /H + )
o r N a 2 C O 3 K M n O 4 /H + N a 2 C O
(g re e n )
g re e n p p t d e c o lo u rise d n o fiz z
b ro w n p p t n o th in g n o
fiz z
conc H C l
n o th in g
y e llo w
(1 )
(1 )
(1 )
K I
n o th in g
re d /b ro w n
6
[13]
20.
(i)
greenblue
or pink ppt (1)
[Co(OH)2(H2O)4] or Co(OH)2 (1)
(ii)
21.
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
4
[12]
22.
Formula of P
Shape of P
Formula of B
Shape of B
2+
[CO(H2O)6] (1)
octahedral (1)
2
[CoCl4] (1)
tetrahedral (1)
Equation
[Co(H2O)6]
2+
+ 4Cl
23.
(a)
(i)
Formula of precipitate
Equations
[Co(H2O)6]
2+
or [Co(H2O)6]
2+
[Co(NH3)6]
2+
(1)
2+
3+
(1)
8
[8]
24.
(a)
(i)
(ii)
e.g. [Co(H2O)6]
+
2+
e.g. 2Br + Cl2 Br2 + 2Cl ; 2HBr + H2SO4 Br2 + SO2 + 2H2O
(b)
2+
2Cr
3+
+ 7H2O + 6Fe
3+
(2)
2+
+ 7H2O + 4Zn
2+
(2)
9
5
[18]
25.
(a)
Ligand: atom, ion or molecules which can donate a pair of electrons to a metal ion.
co-ordinate bond:a covalent bond
in which both electrons are donate by one atom
(b)
1
1
1
(i)
1
1
2
(ii)
1
1
1
1
1
Max 2
(c)
1
1
Oxidation state
Ligand
Co-ordination number
Apply list principle to incorrect additional answers
1
1
1
[16]
26.
(a)
b lu e
ppt
(1)
[Cu(H2O)6]
2+
2+
+ 2H2O (1)
Cr2(SO4)3
g re e n
ppt
(greygreen) (1)
[Cr(H2O)6]
3+
3+
3+
+ 3OH + 3H2O
formula (1)
(1)
11
(b)
[C u (N H 2 C H 2 C H 2 N H 2 ) 2 (H 2 O )2 ] 2+
( o r 'e n ')
(1 )
(1 )
(i)
[C o (N H 2C H 2 C H 2 N H 2 ) 3 ]
3+
(1 )
(1 )
(ii)
4
[15]
27.
CuBr2 (1)
[Cu(H2O)6]
Br (1)
[Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]
[CuCl4] (1)
AgBr (1)
[Ag(NH3)2] (1)
Ag(S2O3)2] (1)
2+
(1)
2+
(1)
2+
2+
+ 2Br (1)
max 6
[15]
28.
(a)
H2O or OH broken (1) H+ formed (1)
[M(H2O)6]2+ + H2O [M(H2O)5(OH)]+ + H3O+ (1)
any metal
[M(H2O)6]
any base
protonated base
3+
+ H2O [M(H2O)5(OH)]
2+
2+
+ H3O (1)
3+
3+
2+
2+
weaker acid than H2CO3 or not enough H3O to react with CO 3 (1)
3+
stronger than or displaces H2CO3 or more H3O so can react with CO 3 (1)
or eq showing CO 3 CO2
(b)
12
2+
2+
Max 8
[20]