Polytechnic University of the Philippines

Bansud Campus
Poblacion, Bansud Oriental Mindoro

I. Course Title: STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY
Course Code: STAT 2053
Course Credit: 3 units

II. Course Description:
This course is designed for the students to develop the ability to think logically,
clearly and critically within mathematical and non-mathematical situations. Learning
probability and statistics concepts will enable the student to maximize his/her
knowledge in different situations. The course involves topics about the nature of
statistics, presentation and summarizing data, measures of central tendencies and
spread, probability, normal distribution, confidence intervals and sample size,
hypothesis testing, correlation and regression, analysis of variance and chi-square test.

III. Objectives
At the end of the course the student should be able to:
1. Summarize and present data.
2. Make inference about populations.
3. Distinguish between quantitative and categorical data.
4. Construct and interpret various graphical representations of data.
5. Determine whether a data distribution is symmetric or skewed-left or skewed-
right.
6. Calculate the mean, median and mode as measures of the center of a given data
distribution.
7. Calculate range, QD, MAD, IQR and SD as measures of the spread of a given data
distribution.
8. Apply the multiplication rule and the addition rule to count the outcomes of
various experiments.
9. Calculate probabilities of various experiments using combination and
permutation.
10. Compute the binomial and Poisson probability distribution.
11. Find the area under the standard normal distribution, given various z values.
12. Find the z value under the standard normal distribution, given the area.
13. Find the probabilities for a normally distributed variable by transforming it into
a standard normal variable.
14. Use central limit theorem to solve problems involving sample means for large
samples.
15. Use the normal approximation to compute probabilities for a binomial variable.
16. Determine the confidence interval for the mean when is known and unknown.
17. Determine minimum sample size for finding the confidence interval for the
mean.
18. Find the confidence interval for a proportion.
19. State the null and alternative hypotheses.
20. Compare and contrast one-tailed and two-tailed test.
21. Find the critical values for the z and t test.
22. State the steps in hypothesis testing.
23. Test means for a large samples by means of z test for small
24. Test proportions using the z-test.
25. Test the hypothesis using p-value and confidence interval.
26. Test the difference between two large samples, two means and two
proportions.
27. Calculate and interpret the coefficient of correlation and the linear regression
equation.
28. Differentiate one-way ANNOVA and two-way ANNOVA
29. Explain the characteristics of the chi-square distribution.
30. Test a distribution for goodness-of-fit.

IV. Course Content

TOPICS Time Allotment
Orientation
I. Nature of Statistics 3 hours
A. Meaning of Statistics
B. Descriptive and Inferential Statistics
C. Levels of Measurement
D. Data Collections

II. Presentation and Summarizing Data 3 hours
A. Frequency Distribution
B. Stem-and-Leaf Plot
C. Graphing Frequency Distribution
D. Other types of Graphs/Charts
E. Summarizing Data

III. Measures of Central Tendencies 3 hours
A. Mean
B. Median
C. Mode
D. Midrange
E. Quantiles
F. Types of Distribution

IV. Measures of Dispersion 3 hours
A. Range
B. Midhinge, Interquartile Range and Quartile Deviation
C. Mean Absolute Deviation
D. Variance and Standard Deviation
E. Coefficient of Variation
F. Kurtosis and Skewness
G. Outliers

V. Probability 6 hours
A. Counting Rules
B. Sample Spaces
C. The Addition and Multiplication Rules for Probability
D. Marginal and Conditional Probabilities
E. Random Variables and Discrete Probability Distribution
F. Mathematical Expectation
G. Binomial Probability Distribution
H. Poisson Probability Distribution

VI. Normal Distribution 6 hours
A. Normal Curve
B. Areas Under the Normal Curve
C. Applications of the Normal Distribution
D. Central Limit Theorem
E. Normal Approximation to the Binomial Distribution

VII. Confidence Intervals and Sample Size 5 hours
A. Confidence Intervals
1. For the Mean and Sample Size of Known
B. Confidence Intervals and Sample Size for Proportions

VIII. Hypothesis Testing (Up to Two Proportions) 6 hours
A. Hypothesis Testing Using p-value
B. One sample z test and T test
C. z Test for proportion
D. Testing the difference between two means:
a. Large independent Samples
b. Small Independent Samples
c. Paired Samples
E. Testing the Difference Between Two Proportions

IX. Correlation and Regression Analysis 5 hours
A. Scatter Diagram
B. Pearson Product- Moment Correlation
C. Spearman Rank Correlation
D. Linear Regression

X. Analysis of Variance 6 hours
A. One-Way Analysis of Variance
B. Randomized Block Design
C. Two-Way Analysis of Variance

XI. Chi-Square Tests 6 hours
A. The Chi-Square Distribution
B. Goodness-of-Fit Tests
C. Test of Independence and Homogeneity
D. The Chi-Square Distribution

V. Strategies
Whole Class Discussion
Small Class Discussion
Pre-testing and Review of Related Topics
Cooperative Learning
Discovery
Practical Work
Group Work
Individualized Instruction



VI. Course Requirement
Assignments
Board works
Seat works
Participation/Recitation
Quizzes
Midterm and Final Examinations

VII. Reference
Walpole, E.R., Introductory, 3
rd
ed., EDCA, 1982.
Sirug, W. Basic Probability and Statistics, 2011.

VIII. Grading System
1 1
Final Grade = (First Grade) + (Second Grade)
2 2

Where:
2 1
First Grade = (Class Standing before ME) + (Midterm Examination);
3 3

2 1
Second Grade = (Class Standing after ME) + (Final Examination)
3 3