PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK SPM 2011 Module 7 - Light, Colour and Sight

PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2011
SPM
MODULE 7
SCIENCE

PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK
SPM 2011
MODULE 7

ANJURAN :
JABATAN PELAJARAN NEGERI PULAU PINANG (JPN PP)
BAHAGIAN PENYELARASAN PENYERTAAN BUMIPUTERA
(BPPB),
UNIT PENYELARASAN PELAKSANAAN,
JABATAN PERDANA MENTERI
LEMBAGA KEMAJUAN WILAYAH PULAU PINANG ( PERDA ),
UNIT PENYELARASAN PELAKSANAAN,
JABATAN PERDANA MENTERI
PUSAT URUS ZAKAT PULAU PINANG (PUZ),
MAJLIS AGAMA ISLAM NEGERI PULAU PINANG
1
SCIENCE
SPM
MODULE 7
SCIENCE
LIGHT, COLOUR AND SIGHT
The Form!"o# o$ Im%e &' P(#e M"rror) #* Le#)e)

1.Characteristics of images form by +(#e m"rror :
(a) virtual
(b) upright
(c ) laterally inverted (left to right inversion)
(d) same size as object
2. Image formed by a ,o#-e. (e#) /
!or $r o&0e,!/ real " inverted and diminished
!or #er o&0e,!/ virtual " upright and magnified
#he position of the image formed is on the same side as the object
$. Image formed by a ,o#,-e (e#): virtual" upright and diminished
%. &ay diagrams
'. Form!"o# o$ Im%e &' O+!",( I#)!r1me#!):
a) +"#2ho(e ,mer:
characteristic of image are real and inverted
#he image formed by a pinhole camera in different conditions
(ituation Characteristic of the image formed
)hen the object is near Image formed is larger
)hen the object is far Image formed is smaller
)hen the pinhole is bigger *righter but blurred image is formed
)hen a conve+ lens is put in front
of the pinhole
, bright and sharp image is formed
2
Rules for drawing ray diagrams for convex
lens
Rules for drawing ray diagrams for concave lens
SPM
MODULE 7
SCIENCE
b) +er"),o+e
an optical device used to see over an obstacle or a concealed position
the image formed by a periscope is : virtual " upright" same size
c) !e(e),o+e
is used to vie- objects that may be large" but far a-ay.
the final image seen through telescope is virtual" inverted and infinity
d) e'e #* ,mer:
human eye and camera use a conve+ lens for focusing
image formed are real" inverted and smaller than the actual size
similarities in the functions of various parts of the eye and camera :
.uman eye !unction Camera
/ye lens #o focus the object Camera lens
0upil ,llo-s light rays to enter ,perture
/yelid #o control the duration for the
formation of image
(hutter
&etina (ensitive to light for formation of
image
!ilm
Iris #o control the size of opening diaphragm
1. L"%h! D")+er)"o#
a) 2ispersion of light is the separation of -hite light into its component
colours" 3no-n as spectrum.
b) #he colours of the spectrum in order are red" orange" yello-" green" blue"
indigo and violet.( &456*I7)
c) &ainbo- is a natural phenomenon caused by the dispersion of sunlight by
raindrops left suspended in the atmosphere.
8. L"%h! S,!!er"#%:
a) 9ight scattering occurs -hen light collides -ith air particles or dust and is
reflected and scattered in all direction.
b) 2uring midday" sunlight travels through the atmosphere and it is scattered
in all directions. 3(1e ("%h! is ),!!ere* the most because it has a )hor!er
4-e(e#%!h. #his causes the s3y to loo3 blue.
c) 2uring evening" the sun is lo-er in the s3y " sunlight travels through a
(o#%er *")!#,e in the atmosphere" *lue light is scattered a-ay" allo-ing
the re*) #* 'e((o4) to pass through. #his causes evening s3y in loo3
reddish yello-.
:. A**"!"o# #* S1&!r,!"o# o$ Co(o1re* L"%h!:
a) #he red" green and blue lights are 3no-n as primary colour.
b) #he colour obtained by adding any t-o of the primary colours are 3no-n as
secondary colour.
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SPM
MODULE 7
SCIENCE
c) #he mi+ing of different coloured lights is called addition of colour.
d) (ubtraction of colour light
the absorption of coloured light by a filter is 3no-n as the subtraction of
coloured light
a primary coloured filter can only allo- its o-n colour to pass through it"
all others colours are absorbed.
a secondary coloured filter allo-s its o-n colour and its component
colours to pass through it
e) #he appearance of coloured objects
the colour of an object is determined by the follo-ing factors :
i) the colour of light that shine on it
ii) the colour of light that it absorbs
iii) the colour of light -hich it reflects
f) ;i+ing of pigments
mi+ing coloured pigments can be used to from all colour e+cept -hite
the primary colours for pigments are red" yello- and blue
the secondary colours for pigments are violet" orange and green

4
RED
YELLOW
GREEN BLUE
MAE!"A
#YA!R
E$
WHITE
BLUE
%&OLE"
RED YELLOW
REE!
ORA!E
BLACK
SPM
MODULE 7
SCIENCE
A,!"-"!"e)
1.#he characteristics of images formed by a ,o#-e. (e#)
4bject
distance
&ay diagram Characteristics of
image
2istant
object
(object at
infinity)

4bject
beyond 2!

4bject at 2!
4bject
bet-een !
and 2!

'
SPM
MODULE 7
SCIENCE
4bject distance &ay diagram Characteristics of
image
4bject at !

4bject bet-een
! and optical
centre

2. #he characteristics of image formed by a ,o#,-e (e#)
4bject distance &ay diagram Characteristics of
image
4bject bet-een
! and 2!
4bject at !

(
SPM
MODULE 7
SCIENCE
$. The Pr"#,"+(e o$ !he S1&!r,!"o# o$ L"%h! #* See"#% Co(o1re* O&0e,!)
a

b
c
d
e
)
******* lig+, is reflec,ed
********** lig+, is reflec,ed
*********** lig+, is reflec,ed
SPM
MODULE 7
SCIENCE
%. #able 1 sho-s primary coloured objects in primary coloured lights.
#he colours
of the object
in -hite light
#he colours of the object in
&ed light 6reen light *lue light
&ed
6reen
blue
#able 1
#able 2 sho-s secondary coloured objects in primary coloured lights.
#he colours
of the object
in -hite light
&ed light 6reen light *lue light
5ello-
;agenta
Cyan
#able 2
#able $ sho-s primary coloured objects in secondary coloured lights.
#he colours
of the object
in -hite light
yello-
light
;agenta
light
Cyan
light
&ed
6reen
*lue
#able $
A))e))me#!
-
SPM
MODULE 7
SCIENCE
O&0e,!"-e I!em)
1. #he image formed by a concave lens is
, diminished * inverted
C inverted lateral 2 real
2.
figure 1
, piece of paper -ith the letter <9= -ritten on it is placed in front of a plane
mirror as sho-n in !igure 1. )hich of the follo-ing images can be
observed in the mirror >
$.
figure 2
!igure 2 sho-s light rays reflected to the eyes of an observer . ,t -hich of the
points ," *" C or 2 -ill the image be formed>
%. )hich of the follo-ing ray diagrams is correct about a concave lens>

.
SPM
MODULE 7
SCIENCE
'. )hich of the follo-ing occur during the formation of a rainbo->
I 9ight is refracted at different angles in raindrops.
II 9ight is split into its colour constituents through dispersion.
III 9ight is reflected off the inner surface of the raindrops.
, I and II only
* I and III only
C II and III only
2 I" II and III
1.
figure $
,n object is placed in front of a conve+ lens as sho-n in figure $.
)hich of the follo-ing are the characteristics of the image formed>
I (ame size as the object
II Inverted
III 7irtual
, II only * I and II only
C II and III only 2 I" II and III
8.
1/
SPM
MODULE 7
SCIENCE
figure %
!igure % sho-s a pinhole camera -ith a lit candle in front of it. )hich of the
follo-ing sho-s the image formed on the screen>

:.
figure '
!igure ' sho-s light ray passing through a series of lenses 0" ? and &.
@ame the lenses 0" ? and &.
A.
0 ? &
, Conve+
lens
Conve+
lens
Conve+
9ens
* Conve+
lens
Concave
lens
Conve+
9ens
C Conve+
lens
Conve+
lens
Concave
lens
2 Concave
lens
Concave
lens
Conve+
lens
11
SPM
MODULE 7
SCIENCE
#he optical instrument that uses this arrangement is
, a projector * a camera
C a photographic enlarger 2 a magnifying glass
1B. ,t noon the s3y is blue. #his phenomenon is caused by
, scattering of blue light by the particles in the atmosphere.
* absorption of the blue light by the particles in the atmosphere.
C reflection of blue light from the sea -ater.
2. reflection of blue light from the surface of the earth.
11. , student stands 2.B m in front of a plane mirror. If the mirror is moved 1.Bm
a-ay from the student" ho- far is the image from the student>
, 2.B m * %.B m
C '.B m 2 1.B m
12.
, circular cardboard is painted -ith -hite" blue and red as sho-n in figure
above. )hen the cardboard is seen under a blue light" -hich of the follo-ingis
the correct appearance of the cardboard>
S!r1,!1re* I!em)
Se,!"o# A
12
SPM
MODULE 7
SCIENCE
1.
!igure 1
!igure 1 sho-s a part of the light rays on a plane mirror.
(a) Complete figure 1 by dra-ing the light rays reaching the observer=s eye.

C1 mar3sD
(b) )hat is the relationship bet-een the distances E and 5> C1 mar3sD
FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
(c ) (tate t-o characteristics of the image formed> C2 mar3sD
FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF..
(d) In !igure 1a" dra- the image formed on the plane mirror. #hen" state the
characteristics of that image. C2 mar3s D
!igure 1a
FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF.
2.
13
SPM
MODULE 7
SCIENCE
!igure 2
!igure 2 sho-s a B.8 cm high object placed in front of a conve+ lens.
(a) Complete the ray diagram to sho- the formation of an image in !igure $.
C2 mar3sD
(b) )hat is the height of the image formed> C1 mar3 D
FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF..
(c ) (tate t-o characteristics of the image formed> C1 mar3sD
FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
(d) )hat optical instrument possesses the object distance 2 !> C1 mar3D
FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF..
(e) )hy can=t the location of the image be determined if the object distance is
less than the focal length of the lens" !> C1 mar3D
FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF.
$.
!igure $
!igure $ sho-s a periscope. ,n observer is loo3ing at an object.
(a) Complete !igure $ by dra-ing the light rays reaching the eye of the observer.
C1 mar3D
(b) )hat principle is applied in a periscope> C1 mar3D
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SPM
MODULE 7
SCIENCE
FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
(c ) @ame one other material -hich can be used to replace the plane mirror.

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF..
C1 mar3D
(d) (tate one other use of the periscope.
C1 mar3D
%.
!igure %
!igure % sho-s an object placed in front of a pinhole camera.
(a) In !igure %" dra- a ray diagram to sho- the image formed on the screen.
C2 mar3sD
(b) (tate t-o characteristics of the image formed.

C1 mar3D
(c ) )hat is the effect of the image if
(i) the size of the pinhole is enlarged
FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF.
(ii) a conve+ lens is placed bet-een the object and the pinhole >
FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
(iii) the pinhole camera is moved to-ards the object>

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF.
C$ mar3sD
(d) #-o more pinholes are punched in the camera as sho-n in !igure %a. 2ra-
and label the image formed. C2 mar3sD
1'
SPM
MODULE 7
SCIENCE
!igure %a
Se,!"o# 3
1.
!igure '
!igure ' sho-s the arrangement of apparatus used to study dispersion of light.
(a) (i) )hat happens to the -hite lights at the border of the prism>
FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF

(ii) 6ive a reason for your ans-er in (a) (i).

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF.
C2 mar3sD
(b) )hat is the colour of the light formed at 0 and ? on the -hite cardboard>

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
C1 mar3D
(c ) Complete the bo+es belo- to sho- the seGuence of colour formed in the
spectrum bet-een 0 and ?.
0 ?

C1 mar3D
(d) , similar prism is placed in the position as sho-n in !igure 1.
1(
SPM
MODULE 7
SCIENCE
!igure 1
(i) )hat can be observed on the -hite cardboard>

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF..
(ii) (tate one other material -hich can replace the prism to get the result in
(d) (i)
FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF.
C2 mar3sD

2.
!igure 8
!igure 8 sho-s a structure of a camera.
(a) 9abel the structure E and 5. C2 mar3sD
(b) @ame the structures of the human eye -hich are analogous to structures E
and 5 in the camera.

E : FFFFFFFFFFF. 5 : FFFFFFFFFFFF..
C 2 mar3sD
(c ) )hat is the function of E in the camera>

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
C1 mar3D

(d) .o- can a sharp image be focused in a camera>
FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF..
C1 mar3D
$.
1)
SPM
MODULE 7
SCIENCE
!igure :
!igure : sho-s the formation of rainbo- after an evening rain.
(a) .o- is a rainbo- formed>
FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF C1 mar3D
(b) )hat is the role of the raindrops>
FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF C1 mar3D
(c ) (tate t-o processes that occurred in the sunlight at E.
FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF C2 mar3sD
(d) )hat process occurs in the sunlight at 5>
FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF C1 mar3D
%.
1-
SPM
MODULE 7
SCIENCE
!igure A
!igure A sho-s an arrangement of apparatus to study the addition of coloured lights.
(a) )hat colours are formed in the regions of E" 5 and H>
FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF C2 mar3sD
(b) (i) 4f the colours formed on the screen" -hich is the secondary colour>
FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
(ii) 6ive reason for your ans-er in (b) (i).
FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
C2 mar3sD
(c ) )hat coloured light is formed in the region E if a yello- filter is placed in front
of the red filter in torchlight 0>
FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF..
C1 mar3D
(d) )hat coloured light is formed in the region H if a green filter is placed in front
of the blue filter in torchlight ?>

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF.
C1 mar3D
(e) If a piece of cyan cloth is placed under the light rays in the region 5" -hat
colour -ill the cloth appears as>

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
C1 mar3D
Se,!"o# C/ E))' 51e)!"o#)
1. #he statement belo- sho-s a situation in a classroom.
1.
SPM
MODULE 7
SCIENCE
, teacher is using a projector in her teaching. #o produce a larger image on the screen"
she adjusts the lens of the projector for-ard. )hen she adjusts the lens bac3-ard" she
gets a smaller image on the screen.
(a) *ased on the above statement" -rite o#e suitable hypothesis. C1 mar3D
(b) 2escribe an e+periment that you can carry out in a laboratory to prove this
hypothesis. 5our description should include the follo-ing:
(i) ,im of e+periment C1 mar3D
(ii) Identification of variables C2 mar3sD
(iii) 9ist of apparatus and materials C1 mar3D
(iv) ;ethod C$ mar3sD
(v) .o- to tabulate the data C1 mar3D
(vi) Conclusion C1 mar3D
2. (a) (tate t-o characteristics of the image formed by a concave lens.
C2 mar3sD
(b) Contrast the mechanism of focusing and the mechanism of controlling the
amount of light entering the human eye and the camera.
C% mar3sD
(c ) /+plain ho- the rainbo- is formed. C% mar3sD
G(o))r'
7irtual I maya
Inversed laterally I tersongsang sisi
Jpright I tega3
Conve+ I cembung
Concave I ce3ung
&eal I nyata
Inverted I songsang
;agnifying glass I 3anta pembesar
0inhole I lubang jarum
2ispersion I penyebaran
Constituent I juzu3juzu3
&eflection pantulan
&efracted I dibias3an
(cattering I penyebaran
(ubtraction penola3an
2/

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