Global Title Translation

Global Title Translation Siemens
MN2513EU11MN_0001
2006 Siemens AG
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Contents
1 Routing without global title translation 3
2 Routing with global title translation 7
2.1 Why global title translation? 8
2.2 Examples of global title translation 10
3 Global title translation 23
3.1 SCCP calling and called party addresses 24
3.2 Where is global title translation done? 28
3.3 Message flows 30
3.4 Administration of global title translation 34
4 Application examples 51
4.1 Network-internal location update 52
4.2 Mobile terminating call 56
4.3 International location update 60

Global Title Translation
Siemens Global Title Translation

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1 Routing without global title translation

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Link-by-link signaling is always used for traffic channel-oriented connections. In other
words, the problem of addressing destination points in an unknown network does not
occur with this kind of signaling.
However, the problem of network gateways also exists in this case because the
addressing in CCS7 is only possible within one network (NAT0/ NAT1/ INAT0). This
does not present too many difficulties though, as the messages are evaluated and
regenerated at user level (e.g., ISUP) in each switching center the traffic channels
pass through. For this reason, at network gateways from e.g. the network NAT0 to
the network NAT1, the incoming message from NAT0 is received and evaluated in
the standard routing database,
CR CPT
CR DEST
CR ROUTE
CR TGRP
CR TRUNK
regenerated and sent to the signaling point defined using ENTRC7TGREL: DPC= ,
TGNO=.,NETIND=NAT1. In other words, signaling points that cover network
gateways must have an OPC for different signaling networks.


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SIEMENS SIEMENS
SIEMENS SIEMENS
SIEMENS SIEMENS
SIEMENS SIEMENS
Dialing Info
Origin
Net
Destination
Net
Dialing Info
ENTR
C7TGREL:
DPC=
NETIND=
Dialing Info
ENTR
C7TGREL:
DPC=
NETIND=
Dialing Info
ENTR
C7TGREL:
DPC=
NETIND=
Dialing Info
ENTR
C7TGREL:
DPC=
NETIND=
Dialing Info
ENTR
C7TGREL:
DPC=
NETIND=
Dialing Info
ENTR
C7TGREL:
DPC=
NETIND=
Signaling
Circuit

Fig. 1 Routing without global title translation

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2 Routing with global title translation


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2.1 Why global title translation?
The CCS7 signaling method identifies the destination and the origin of a signaling
message by using signaling point codes (SPCs). Since a signaling point code has got
14 bits only, it is too small to address all signaling points worldwide unambiguously.
For this reason, signaling point codes are always combined with a network indicator
NI which means that a code is only ever valid in one particular signaling network.
To facilitate unambiguous global addressing, a unique international address or
sender information is necessary. This global address is known as the global title and
is sent in the SCCP called- and calling party address of CCS7 messages.
Since SPCs are only valid within individual networks, so-called global title
translation must be performed at each relevant network gateway. The SCCP
performs the global title translation, whereby an internationally unique address
(global title) is translated into an SPC and network indicator in order to be transferred
to the network border, or to a destination if it is located in the same network.
Global title translation is always used if no SPC for the destination is available at all.
For example, the HLR has to be identified on the basis of the IMSI or the VLR/MSC
on the basis of the VLRISD.


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NAT0 100
NAT0 200
NAT0 200
NAT0 100
NAT0 300
NAT1 100
NAT1 300
NAT0 400
No
SPC
Global Title
DPC &
NETIND
Global Title
DPC &
NETIND
Global Title
DPC &
NETIND
Global Title
DPC &
NETIND
Global Title
DPC &
NETIND
Global Title
DPC &
NETIND
300
NAT0
200
NAT0
300
NAT1
NAT0
NAT1
NAT0
SPC=200
NETIND=NAT0
SPC=200
NETIND=NAT0
?

Fig. 2 Why global title translation?


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2.2 Examples of global title translation
Location update
The visitor location register (VLR) requests the HLR for the subscriber data. The
home location register (HLR) is determined by the IMSI (global title). The MCC and
the MNC indicate if the HLR is from the home or from a foreign PLMN. The first digits
of the MSIN identify the HLR within the PLMN. If the mobile subscriber has changed
the VLR area, the HLR cancels the location in the old VLR. The old VLR is
determined by the VLRISD (global title), stored in the subscriber's mobility data.

Mobile terminating call
The gateway MSC (GMSC) requests routing information from the HLR
(interrogation). The HLR is determined by the dialed MSISDN (global title). The CC
and NDC indicate if the HLR is from the own or from a foreign PLMN. The first digits
of the SN identify the HLR within the PLMN. The HLR then requests the VLR for an
MSRN. The VLR is determined by the VLRISD (global title).

Triple request
The VLR requests new authentication triples from the HLR. The HLR is determined
by the IMSI (global title).

Inter MSC handover
The old MSC requests a handover to a new MSC. The new MSC is determined by
the MSCID (global title).


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SIEMENS SIEMENS SIEMENS SIEMENS
VLR/
MSC
HLR
IMSI
DPC
NETIND
Location Update
VLR/
MSC
HLR
MSISDN
DPC
NETIND
Mobile Terminating Call
SIEMENS SIEMENS
VLR/
MSC
SRI
PRN
DPC
NETIND
Location
Update
VLR/
MSC
HLR
DPC
NETIND
Triple
Request
Triple Request
SIEMENS SIEMENS
new
MSC
SIEMENS SIEMENS
Old MSC
DPC
NETIND
Handover
Request
Handover
VLRISD
MSCID
IMSI

Fig. 3 Examples of global title administration

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2.2.1 Location update with national / international roaming
National roaming
For location updates with national roaming, the IMSI is supplied by the mobile station,
or, if the location changes, from a known VLR in the new location. The location
update must then be sent to the HLR of the subscriber. The IMSI is transferred to the
SCCP for this purpose. The SCCP contains the global title database. Using this
database, the SCCP translates the IMSI, including the HLRID, to a destination point
code and the associated network indicator. Global title translation is not required for
the reply from the HLR because the DPC can be used for addressing.


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MTP
SCCP
TCAP
VLR
B
S
S
A
P
O
T
H
E
R
INAP EIR MSC HLR
VLR/MSC
MCC/MNC/HLRID
Global Title
Translation
MCC/MNC/HLRID
SPC&NETIND
of HLR
Global Title
Translation
MCC/MNC/HLRID
SPC&NETIND
of HLR
SIEMENS SIEMENS
DPC
NETIND
HLR

Fig. 4 National location update


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C
International roaming
For location updates with international roaming, the IMSI is supplied by the mobile
station or, if the location changes, from a known VLR in the new location. The
location update must then be sent to the HLR in the remote network of the booking
subscriber. The IMSI is transferred to the SCCP for this purpose. The SCCP contains
the global title database. Using this database, the SCCP translates the IMSI up to the
MNC into the destination point code of the gateway to the next network. The IMSI is
also transferred as the international address/global title in the SCCP called party
address. The IMSI must therefore be changed to an international standard that can
be recognized by the PSTN (hybrid IMSI). Global title translation takes place again in
that gateway in order to obtain the CCS7 address in the next signaling network.
Global title translation is performed for each change in network until the destination
network is reached. Generally, translation takes place a last time in the gateway of
the destination network, where the DPC and network indicator of the HLR are
determined.


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NAT0 100
NAT0 200
NAT1 100
MCC/MNC/MSIN
MCC/MNC
DPC=200
NI=NAT0
MCC/MNC
DPC=200
NI=NAT0
NAT0
Origin
Net
NAT1
NAT0
Destination
Net
NAT1 300
INAT0 100
INAT0 300
NAT1 100
INAT0
NAT1 300
NAT0 100
NAT0 200
NAT1
hybrid IMSI
DPC=300
NI=NAT1
hybrid IMSI
DPC=300
NI=NAT1
Global Title
Global Title
Global Title
Global Title
No Global Title
HLR
MSC/VLR
hybrid IMSI
DPC=200
NI=NAT0
hybrid IMSI
DPC=200
NI=NAT0
hybrid IMSI
DPC=300
NI=INAT0
hybrid IMSI
DPC=300
NI=INAT0
hybrid IMSI
DPC=300
NI=NAT1
hybrid IMSI
DPC=300
NI=NAT1

Fig. 5 Location update with international roaming

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2.2.2 National mobile terminating call
The digit translator receives a dialed MSISDN of the own PLMN with the result
"interrogation" (TRATYP=MOBINTER). This result leads to a destination with
MINMAX on one hand, and to global title translation on the other. Similar to the IMSI
in location updates, the MSISDN is translated by global title translation into the CCS7
signaling address of the HLR of the called party. The MAP message Send Routing
Information is then sent to the HLR.
The mobility data of the called party are read in the HLR in response to the message.
Using the VLRISD stored in the HLR, the global title translation function is activated
to translate the VLRISD into the CCS7 signaling address of the VLR/MSC of the
called party. The request to provide a mobile station roaming number is sent to this
address.


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MTP
SCCP
TCAP
VLR
B
S
S
A
P
O
T
H
E
R
INAP EIR MSC HLR
VLR/MSC
[CC]/[NDC]/SN
Global Title
Translation:
CC/NDC/HLRID
SPC&NETIND
of HLR
Global Title
Translation:
CC/NDC/HLRID
SPC&NETIND
of HLR
SIEMENS SIEMENS
HLR
MTP
SCCP
TCAP
VLR
B
S
S
A
P
O
T
H
E
R
INAP EIR MSC HLR
HLR
visited
VLR/MSC
of B sub
Global Title
Translation:
VLRISD
SPC&NETIND
of MSC/VLR
Global Title
Translation:
VLRISD
SPC&NETIND
of MSC/VLR

Fig. 6 National mobile terminating call


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2.2.3 International mobile terminating call
If a foreign MSISDN is received by an MSC, usually no international interrogation is
started.
The dialed MSISDN is analyzed in the visited MSC and the call is switched as a
normal traffic channel connection (e.g., ISUP) to the destination network (usually via
PSTN).
The call received in the destination network is analyzed in the gateway MSC and
interrogation is started. From this point on, the mobile terminating call is handled in
the same way as a national mobile terminating call, described before.


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SIEMENS SIEMENS
VLR/
MSC SIEMENS SIEMENS
Gate-
way
SIEMENS SIEMENS
SIEMENS SIEMENS
SI EMENS SI EMENS
Gate-
way
SIEMENS SIEMENS
Origin
Net
PSTN
Switch
PSTN
Switch
HLR
ISUP
ISUP
ISUP
ISUP
Destination
Net
MAP
PSTN
Net
MSISDN
Global Title
Translation:
MSISDN
SPC&NETIND
of HLR
Global Title
Translation:
MSISDN
SPC&NETIND
of HLR

Fig. 7 International mobile terminating call

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2.2.4 Mobile terminating call to an own mobile subscriber
roaming in a foreign PLMN
In case of mobile terminating calls to a networks own mobile subscriber, currently
located in a foreign network, the MSISDN of the called party is received by the calling
partys MSC. Since the mobile user belongs to the same network, interrogation is
started in the networks own HLR. The VLRISD of the foreign VLR is stored in the
HLR as part of the mobility data of the called party.
Using global title translation, the VLRISD is translated into the address of the
networks own gateway switches and the MAP message Provide Roaming Number
is sent there.
Since this involves a change in networks, global title translation is again necessary.
The VLRISD is translated to the signaling address of the next network node (e.g., to
NAT1) and the message is transferred.
Global title translation is performed for each change in network until the gateway in
the destination network is reached. Generally, translation takes place a last time here
because the VLR can be identified from this point by means of the CCS7 signaling
address.


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NAT0 100
NAT0 200
NAT1 100
MSISDN
MSISDN
DPC=300
NI=NAT0
MSISDN
DPC=300
NI=NAT0
NAT0 Origin
Net
NAT1
NAT0
Destination
Net
NAT1 300
INAT0 100
INAT0 300
NAT1 100
INAT0
NAT1 300
NAT0 100
NAT0 200
NAT1
VLRISD
DPC=300
NI=NAT1
VLRISD
DPC=300
NI=NAT1
VLRISD
DPC=300
NI=INAT0
VLRISD
DPC=300
NI=INAT0
VLRISD
DPC=300
NI=NAT1
VLRISD
DPC=300
NI=NAT1
VLRISD
DPC=200
NI=NAT0
VLRISD
DPC=200
NI=NAT0
Global Title
Global Title
Global Title
Global Title
No Global Title
VLR
VLRISD
DPC=200
NI=NAT0
VLRISD
DPC=200
NI=NAT0
NAT0 300
MSC
HLR

Fig. 8 Mobile terminating call to an own mobile subscriber roaming in a foreign net

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3 Global title translation

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3.1 SCCP calling and called party addresses
The variable mandatory part and optional part fields in the SCCP message contain
the called party and calling party addresses. The addresses are used for global
addressing of signaling point codes and additionally contain the subsystem number.
This number is used for addressing the subsystem in the destination point by the
SCCP.
The global title is not required in the simplest case (internal network routing) because
the routing label of the CCS7 message can be used for addressing. In other words,
the subsystem number is adequate as addressing information in this case.
The information units of this type of address have the following meaning:
Length indicator (mandatory)
The length indicator indicates the amount of the following octets

Address indicator (mandatory):
1. SPC indicator (bit 0)
A "1" indicates that the address contains an SPC
A "0" indicates that the address does not contain an SPC
(set to 0 according to GSM recommendation)
2. Subsystem indicator (bit 1)
A "1" indicates that the address contains a subsystem number SSN
(set to 1 according to GSM recommendation)
3. Global title indicator (bits 2...5)
The global title indicator indicates the content of the address field
0000 no global title included
0100 global title includes translation type, numbering plan, encoding scheme
and nature of address (Global Title Format 4)
4. Routing indicator (bit 6)
Bit 6 of the address indicator octet informs the next SCCP signaling node how
SCCP routing has to be performed:
a) A "0" in bit 6 indicates that routing should be based on the global title in the
address.
b) A "1" in bit 6 indicates that routing should be based on the DPC in the MTP
routing label and the subsystem number SSN in the called party address. (If
the point code indicator is set to "1", the SCCP receiver could take the SPC of
the SCCP address instead of the MTP-DPC.)
5. Bit 7 of the address indicator octet is designated for national use.


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Subsystem Number
Carries the number of the calling/called Subsystem, e.g. HLR, VLR, BSSAP.

(0) (0) (0) (0) (1) (0) (0) (0)
(1) (1) (1) (0) (0) (0) (0)
(0) (0) (0) (0)
SSN
Indicator
(1)
SPC
Indicator
(0)
Global Title Indicator (0)
SSN
Indicator
(1)
Routing
Indicator
(1)
not
used
(0)
SSN (e.g. VLR=7)
Lenght Indicator (2)
Length Indicator is 2 because two
more bytes follow.
SPC Indicator is 0 because no SPC
is included. Recommended!
SSN Indicator is 1 because SSN is
always included in Siemens solution.
Global Title Indicator is 0 because no
GT is included. Recommended!
Routing Indicator 1 means Route on
OPC/DPC of MTP L3 Routing Label.
Subsystem Number.
E.g. HLR=6, VLR=7, MSC=8, EIR=9
Called and Calling Party Address structure if routing
is done on OPC/DPC of the MTP L3 Routing Label.
Shortest possible length of Address fields!

Fig. 9 Example of called and calling party addresses for net internal use: no GT contained


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Signaling point code SPC (optional, but not necessary for GSM).
The SPC identifies the absolute end SPC and, if point code indicator = 1, consists
of 14 bits of 2 octets.

Subsystem number (optional, but necessary for GSM)
The subsystem number (SSN) identifies an SCCP user function and if subsystem
indicator = "1", consists of one octet coded as follows (examples):
1. 11111110= 254 BSSAP (SSID = BSSAP)
2. 00000111= 7 VLR (SSID = MAPVLR)
3. 00000110 = 6 HLR (SSID = MAPHLR)
4. 00001000= 8 MSC (SSID = MAPMSC)
5. 00001001= 9 EIR (SSID = MAPEIR)

Translation type
The translation type is a one-octet field that is used to direct the message to the
appropriate global title translation function. Thus, it may be possible for the
address information to be translated into different values for and different
combinations of DPCs, SSNs and GTs.
1. 00000000= 0 TTID=UNKNOWN (mandatory for international
applications)
2. 00000001= 1 TTID=IMSI (not used: in case of international location
update TTID=IMSI has to be converted to UNKNOWN)
3. 00000010= 2 TTID=IMEI According to GSM recommendation, the
translation type should be UNKNOWN

Numbering plan
1. 0000= 0 NP= unknown: not used in international traffic
2. 0010= 1 NP= ISDNTNP (ISDN telephony numbering plan,
E.163/E.164). Example: to address a VLR of a foreign
PLMN
3. 0110= 6 NP= LMNP (land mobile numbering plan, E.212): not
used in intern. traffic
4. 0111= 7 NP= ISDNMNP (ISDN mobile numbering plan, E.214).
Example: to send a location update message to an HLR
of a foreign PLMN


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Encoding scheme (that information cannot be administered)
1. 0001 = 1 odd number of digits
2. 0010 = 2 even number of digits
Nature of address
1. 0000001= 1 NA = SUBNO (subscriber number)
2. 0000010= 2 reserved for national use
3. 0000011= 3 NA = NATNO (national number)
4. 0000100= 4 NA = INTNO (international number)

(0) (0) (0) (0) (1) (0) (1) (1)
not
used
(0) (0) (0) (1) (0) (0) (0) (1)
(0) (0) (0) (0) (0) (0) (0) (0)
(1) (1) (0) (0) (0) (0) (0)
(0) (1) (0) (0)
SSN
Indicator
(1)
SPC
Indicator
(0)
Global Title Indicator (Type 4)
SSN
Indicator
(1)
Routing
Indicator
(0)
not
used
(0)
SSN (e.g. HLR=6)
TTID (e.g. UNKNOWN)
NP (e.g. ISDNTNP) Encoding Scheme (e.g. odd)
(0) (0) (1) (0) (0) (0) (0)
NA (e.g. INTNO)
(0) (1) (0) (0) (1) (0) (0) (1)
GT digit 2 (e.g. 9) GT digit 1 (e.g. 4)
(0) (0) (0) (1) (0) (1) (1) (1)
GT digit 4 (e.g. 7) GT digit 3 (e.g. 1)
(0) (1) (1) (0) (1) (1) (1) (1)
GT digit n+1 (e.g. Filler) GT digit n (e.g. 6)
Lenght Indicator (e.g. 11)
.
.
.
Length Indicator depends on number
of Global Title Digits.
SPC Indicator is 0 because no SPC
is included. Recommended!
SSN Indicator is 1 because SSN is
always included in Siemens solution.
Global Title Indicator is 4 because
GT of Type 4 is included.
Routing Indicator 0 means Route on
Global Title.
Position and structure of SPC if it is
included. NOT RECOMMENDED!
Called and Calling Party Address structure if routing
is done on Global Title Translation.
Length depends on number of Global Title digits!
not
used
not
used
(SPC bits 0-7)
(SPC bits 8-14)
Subsystem Number.
E.g. HLR=6, VLR=7, MSC=8, EIR=9
Translator Type Identification.
0=UNKNOWN, 1=IMSI, 17=IEESS.
Encoding Scheme. 1=odd number of
GT digits, 2=even number of digits.
Numbering Plan. 1=ISDNTNP,
6=LMNP, 7=ISDNMNP.
Nature of Address. 3=National
number, 4=International Number
GT digits. Last digit is a filler (HF) if
Encoding Scheme is odd.

Fig. 10 Example of called/calling party addresses for international use: GT contained


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3.2 Where is global title translation done?
One (or more) of the main processors for applications (MP:AP) has to be determined
to be responsible for GTT. The functions of this "MP:GTT" is not exclusively available
to the shelf in which it is located but to the whole node.
The parameters Load type and Load model determine the software functions of the
MP, since the HW is the same for all MP:AP. For "MP:GTT" the Load models
SLTSGTR (recommended use) or SLTSGTR1/2 may be used in combination with the
Load type TSLT0001.

Load Type Load Model Meaning
TSLT0001 SLTSGTR MP for SCCP global title translation only
(recommended)
TSLT0001 SLTSGTR1/2 MP for SCCP global title translation and MTP L2/L3
functions


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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Create MP for Global Title Translation
CRMP: MP = ,
Load type = TSLT0001,
Load model= <SLTSGTR / SLTMTPSGTR1/2>,
Rack= ,
Shelf= ,
Pitch= ,
Board type= ,
Statistics= FALSE,
[Alarm profile MP= ,]
[Alarm profile MP Mpu= ];

Fig. 11 Creating a main processor for global title translation


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3.3 Message flows
3.3.1 Signaling end point
Messages from a LTG, for which global title translation has to be done are forwarded
to the MP responsible for GTT automatically. After GTT, the MSU with the new
DPC/NETIND in it's routing label leaves towards the MP:SLT that will do message
routing by evaluating the DPC and allocating a linkset and a link via which the
message leaves the NE.
Signaling messages, coming in from another NE, will be received by an MP:SLT and
also routed to the MP responsible for GTT. After GTT the message will be passed on
to the subsystem responsible for evaluating the message content. This may be
located in the CP or in a GP of the LTGs. (Example: The switch receiving such a
message is a Gateway AND the final receiver).
The SSNC-internal path of the MSU is the same, no matter via which kind of link it
was received (64kbit/s link or high speed link).


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MP/SM
MP/SLT
MP/GTT
LIC
LIC
MP/OAM
SC
ASN
SSNC
MB D
SS7-Links 64kbit/s
or
HS-Links 2Mbit/s
SS7-Links 64kbit/s,
trunks
CP113C
CP113C
LTG
LTG
DLU
SN
SN
LTG
LTG
MP/STAT

Fig. 12 Signaling end point, incoming MSU
MP/SM
MP/SLT
MP/GTT
LIC
LIC
MP/OAM
SC
ASN
SSNC
MB D
SS7-Links 64kbit/s
or
HS-Links 2Mbit/s
SS7-Links 64kbit/s,
trunks
CP113C
CP113C
LTG
LTG
DLU
SN
SN
LTG
LTG
MP/STAT

Fig. 13 Signaling end point, outgoing MSU

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3.3.2 Signaling relay point
Pure signaling transfer points (STP) do not care about the message content. They
forward an MSU because of the DPC in it's routing label and don't do global title
translation.
Signaling relay points (SRP) also don't care about the message content, but they
do a global title translation and forward the message, depending on the result of that
GTT (typical application: international gateway exchange for signaling traffic).
Incoming MSUs will be received by an MP:SLT, forwarded to the MP responsible for
GTT and, depending on the result of the GTT, forwarded to another MP:SLT that
provides the connection to the link, leading to the DPC found in GTT.
The SSNC-internal path of the MSU is the same, no matter via which kind of link it
was received (64kbit/s link or high speed link).


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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

MP/SM
MP/SLT
MP/SLT
LIC
LIC
MP/OAM
SC
ASN
SSNC
MB D
SS7-Links 64kbit/s
or
HS-Links 2Mbit/s
SS7-Links 64kbit/s,
trunks
CP113C
CP113C
LTG
LTG
DLU
SN
SN
LTG
LTG
MP/STAT
MP/GTT

Fig. 14 Signaling relay point with GTT


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3.4 Administration of global title translation
The global title translation database should be created in the following sequence:

1. CR SPLNKLOC / SPLNKREM:
General data about the own SCCP or the SCCP in the destination signaling
points (see chapter about SCCP administration).
2. CR SPSSN:
Links a subsystem ID to a subsystem number for a local SCCP linkage (see
chapter about SCCP administration).
3. CR SPAPLOC / SPAPREM:
Creation of subsystems control data in the own or the destination signaling point
(see chapter about SCCP administration).
4. CR SPCLGPA:
Creation of Calling Party addresses for local subsystems which use message
transfer via Global Title Routing
5. CR SPTT:
Linking an SCCP-specific translation type id to a translation type number that will
be used in the SCCP messages.
6. CR SPENS/SPRNS:
List of possible routes, used to reach a local or remote SCCP linkage with or
without further GTT.
7. CR SPGTTRL:
Combinations of format parameters that describe the global title digits.
8. CR SPGTCRUL:
List of instructions to modify the global title that leaves the NE as new SCCP
called party address (if required).
9. CR SPGTRUL:
Definition of how to find the result of global title translation.


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Relay Node Set
Retranslation
End Point Entity
Set
without SSN
Remote SCCP
Linkage
SCCP
Linkage
SCCP
cdPA
OPC DPC NI
Incoming MSU
Global Title
Conversion Rule
Global Title Rule
Global Title
Translator
SCCP
cdPA
OPC DPC NI
Outgoing MSU
Relay Node Set
Retranslation
End Point Entity
Set
without SSN
Remote SCCP
Linkage

Fig. 15 Global title translation

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3.4.1 Administration of the calling party address
For each local SCCP subsystem which may use message routing via GT, a calling
party address (cgPA) has to be defined, containing the global title of the NE (E.164)
and the subsystem number. It has the same data fields as the SCCP called party
address.
This cgPA is included in outgoing SCCP messages to other signaling networks and
contains enough information to identify the originating signaling point and/or the
SCCP service access point unambiguously.
A cgPA may contain a global title, e.g. for international signaling. A global title is
usually not required in an SCCP calling party address for network internal signaling,
since in that case all necessary information for routing an acknowledgement can be
obtained from the routing label. The 'CLGPA type indicator' defines the routing
preference, i.e. whether a GT shall be contained in the cgPA field of an outgoing
MSU or not.


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Create SCCP calling party address
CRSPCLGPA: SPCLGPA name = ,
[SPCLGPA id = ,]
SPAPLOC name / ID = ,
SPLNKLOC name / ID = ,
GT Address Info = <GT digits>,
TTID = Unknown,
NP = ISDN Telephone Numbering Plan,
NA = International Nr. ,
CLGPA Type Indicator = Programmed ,
[Include SPC = False,]
[Include GT = False];

Fig. 16 SCCP calling party address
SIEMENS SIEMENS
SIEMENS SIEMENS
SIEMENS SIEMENS
HLR
VLR
IGE
foreign
PLMN
SIEMENS SIEMENS
R
I =
1
:
c
g
P
A
=

o
n
ly
S
S
N
U
p
d
a
te
_
L
o
c
a
tio
n
R
I =
0
:
c
g
P
A
=
F
u
ll G
lo
b
a
l
T
itle U
p
d
a
te
_
L
o
c
a
tio
n
Location
Update
HLR
CRSPCLGPA:
CLGPA Type Ind=
Programmed, ...

Fig. 17 Effect of parameter 'CLGPA Type Indicator'

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3.4.2 SCCP end node entity sets
The SCCP End Node Entity Sets describe a local or remote SCCP linkage as result
of global title translation in case the final signaling end point (i.e. where the message
content is evaluated) can be determined in the own node.
In these cases, no further GTT is necessary (RI=1) and the global title will be
removed from the called party address automatically.
A primary and, optionally, a second destination are provided that may be operated in
a loadsharing mode, described by the 'Sharing Mode' (only one of them may be a
local SCCP). Both destinations must exist and must have been created in the same
signaling network.
The 'Sharing Mode' parameter has the following meanings:

Sharing Mode Primary 1 Primary 2
Dupli Load Shared 50% 50%
Dupli Dominant 100% standby
Solitary 100% not entered

TIP
Sharing mode = 'Dupli Replacement' can also be found in the selection lists of the
switch commander but is not supported by the SCCP.


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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Create SCCP End Node Entity Set without Subsystem Number
CRSPENS: SPENS Name = ,
Primary 1 Name = <SCCP Linkage Name>,
[Primary 2 Name = <SCCP Linkage Name>,]
Sharing Mode = <Dupli Dominant /
Dupli Load Shared /
Solitary>;

Fig. 18 End node set without SSN


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3.4.3 SCCP relay node entity sets
The SCCP Relay Node Entity Sets describe a remote SCCP linkage as result of
global title translation in case the final signaling end point can not be determined in
the own node.
In this case, a further GTT is necessary in these SCCPs (RI=0).
Two primary and two backup SCCP Linkages may be defined. At least 'Primary 1
ID/Name' must be entered. The loadsharing mode between the entered SCCPs is
assigned implicitly without extra parameter.
The optional 'SSID' parameter allows to set the subsystem number in the outgoing
MSU after global title translation if routing is done on global title to a relay node. This
parameter should not be used!

Implicit loadsharing mode:

SCCP linkage
combinations:
Primary 1
load
Backup 1
load
Primary 2
load
Backup 2
load
Primary 1 100%
Primary 1/Primary 2 50% 50%
Primary 1/Backup 1 100% standby for
Primary 1

Primary 1/Backup 1/
Primary 2/Backup 2
50% standby for
Primary 1
50% standby for
Primary 2


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Create SCCP Relay Node Entity Set
CRSPRNS: SPRNS Name = ,
Primary 1 Name = <SCCP Linkage Name>,
[Primary 2 Name = <SCCP Linkage Name>,]
[Backup 1 Name = <SCCP Linkage Name>,]
[Backup 2 Name = <SCCP Linkage Name>,]
[SSID = ];

Fig. 19 Relay node entity set
Primary1:active
Backup1:standby
OPC
Primary1:active
Primary2:active
50 : 50
Primary1:active
Primary2:active
Backup2:standby
Backup1:standby
50 : 50
OPC
OPC

Fig. 20 Loadsharing models for relay node entity sets

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3.4.4 Global title translator
The global title translator specifies the entry requirement for global title translation by
providing the format parameters for each possible global title as a combination of
Translation Type ID (TTID), Numbering Plan (NP) and Nature of Address (NA). In
other words: it tells the SCCP how to interpret the global title digits. This combination
must be unique.
The 'Global Title Translation Type attribute' represents the translation type, which is a
pure SCCP concept. It is part of the global title that indicates the specific use of the
global title address information. In other words, it is the key information that
differentiates between the use of identical NP/NA/GT- digit combinations. This global
title translation has to be converted into a Translation Type Number (TTN) by means
of the task CRSPTT.


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SCCP Global Title Translator
CRSPGTTRL: SPGTTRL Name = ,
[SPGTTRL Id = ,]
TTID = ,
NP = ,
NA = ;

Fig. 21 SCCP global title translator

NATNO ISDNTNP IEESS CCBS National Number
INTNO ISDNTNP IEESS CCBS International Number
NATNO ISDNTNP UNKNOWN National Telephone Number
INTNO ISDNTNP UNKNOWN International Telephone Number
INTNO ISDNMNP UNKNOWN Hybrid-IMSI
INTNO LMNP IMSI IMSI
NA NP TTID
GT Supplements
GT Number Type

Fig. 22 Examples of format parameters

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3.4.5 Global title conversion rule
The conversion rule for the global title digits contains an ordered list of instructions
specifying to insert, delete, replace, or take-over digits or supplements in the old
called party address to produce a new one. This new called party address will not be
processed again in the own node but will be part of the outgoing MSU.
Conversion operations to be defined in a global title conversion rule are:

Operation Meaning
+ Digits after the '+' sign are inserted at the respective position
R Digits after the 'R' sign replace the original digits at the respective
position
X The original digit remains at the respective position (one 'X' per digit)
. The original digit is deleted (one '.' per digit)
S Stop converting immediately
T Copy the remaining characters, and then stop

Example: (see next page)
An IMSI of a roaming subscriber is being received in a VLR during location update
and used as global title in the called party address of the 'Update_Location' message
to the subscriber's HLR. Since that global title is not in accordance with the
international standard for routing based on global title, it has to be converted into a
'hybrid IMSI'. Whether this conversion is done in the VLR immediately or in a
gateway, just before the message leaves the own PLMN, is up to the operator.

IMSI 'hybrid IMSI'
MCC - MNC MSIN CC - NDC MSIN
e.g.: 262 - 02 - 1234567890 e.g.: 49 - 172 - 1234567890
TTID=IMSI TTID=UNKNOWN
NP=LMNP NP=ISDNMNP
NA=INTNO NA=INTNO


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Create SCCP Global Title Conversion Rule
CRSPGTCRUL: SPGTCRUL Name = ,
Addr. Info Conv. Rule = ,
New TTID = ,
New NP = ,
New NA = ;

Fig. 23 SCCP global title conversion rule
SCCP
cdPA
OPC DPC NI
Incoming MSU
SCCP
cdPA
OPC DPC NI
Outgoing MSU
IMSI = 262 - 02 - 1234567890
hybrid-IMSI = 49 - 172 - 1234567890
CR SPGTCRUL:
SPGTCRUL Name= .............................................................
Addr. Info Conv. Rule= .......................................................
New TTID= .................................................................................
New NP= .....................................................................................
New NA= .....................................................................................

Fig. 24 GT conversion rule for location updates

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3.4.6 Cancel a Global Title in the cdPA
A special version of a conversion rule is usually used to cancel a GT address in the
CALLED Party Address. This can be done e.g. in the last Gateway, because the final
destination is known there so no further GTT is necessary, or in the very first switch,
when no routing on GT is used for an outgoing message. The benefit will be that the
outgoing message is shortened and is therefore transmitted more efficiently.
The creation of this rule is very simple. The name is free, but CANGT is a very
common name. For the Addr. Info Conv. Rule parameter just enter the character
"S", which means "Stop conversion and delete all remaining digits and supplements".
All other parameters of the task are not used in this case.

TIP
As this can be done for the CALLED PARTY only, the CALLING PARTY address will
remain unchanged in the outgoing message which is routed on GT! But the CALLING
PARTY address will also be deleted, if routing on OPC/DPC (SPENS) is already
used in the first switch and the parameter CLGPA Type Indicator = Programmed of
the task CRSPCLGPA (see 3.4.1) is used.

The following rules should be noticed:
1. Message CREATED in a switch and sent with routing on OPC/DPC (SPENS):
a) Conversion Rule to delete CALLED Party address necessary (CANGT)
b) CALLING Party address automatically deleted ("Programmed")
2. Message CREATED in a switch and sent with routing on GTT (SPRNS):
a) No Conversion Rule to delete CALLED Party address allowed
b) CALLING Party address automatically included ("Programmed")
3. Message TRANSFERRED in a switch with routing on OPC/DPC (SPENS):
Switch is just STP so doesn't touch the SCCP addresses anyway
4. Message TRANSFERRED in a switch with routing on GTT (Gateway/SRP):
a) Conversion Rule to delete CALLED Party address only allowed if switch is the
VERY LAST Gateway/SRP to the final receiver, so change to routing on
OPC/DPC (SPENS)
b) CALLING Party address is still included, because the message was not
created there (so "Programmed" is not relevant) and the incoming message to
be transferred already contained a CALLING Party address


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Create SCCP Global Title Conversion Rule to cancel GT in cdPA
CRSPGTCRUL: SPGTCRUL Name = CANGT,
Addr. Info Conv. Rule = S,

Fig. 25 Special Conversion Rule to cancel a GT in the cdPA
SIEMENS SIEMENS
SIEMENS SIEMENS
SIEMENS SIEMENS
Destination
Origin
STP
CRSPCLGPA:
CLGPA Type Ind=
Programmed,...;
CRSPGTRUL:
GTCRUL Name=CANGT,
SPENS Name=<whatever>,...;
Routing on OPC/DPC:
cdPA = cancelled
cgPA = not included
Does not touch
the SCCP
addresses

Fig. 26 Example for CANGT with routing on OPC/DPC
foreign
PLMN
SIEMENS SIEMENS
R
o
u
t
i
n
g
o
n

G
T
T
:
F
u
l
l

G
l
o
b
a
l

T
i
t
l
e
Destination
SIEMENS SIEMENS
Last
Gateway
SIEMENS SIEMENS
Gateway
own
PLMN
R
o
u
t
i
n
g
o
n

G
T
T
:
F
u
l
l

G
l
o
b
a
l

T
i
t
l
e R
o
u
t
i
n
g
o
n

O
P
C
/
D
P
C
:
C
g
P
A
i
n
c
l
u
d
e
d
!
C
d
P
A
c
a
n
c
e
l
l
e
d
!
CANGT to
delete cdPA
SIEMENS SIEMENS
Origin

Fig. 27 Example for CANGT with routing on GTT

MN2513EU11MN_0001
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3.4.7 Global title rule
The GT-Rule contains matching attributes ('Global Title Address Info' and 'Global
Title Translator') used to select the right GT-Rule as well as attributes that allow
translation of a global title.
The SPENS Name points to a SCCP Entity Set with a LOCAL or REMOTE Sccp
linkage. In this case, no further GTT will be performed (RI=1) because the final
destination signaling point can be determined in the own node. The global title will
NOT automatically be canceled from the SCCP called party address, so use the
CANGT conversion rule described before to keep the outgoing message as
short as possible!
The SPRNS Name points to a relay node entity set, where another GTT has to be
performed (RI=0) because the final destination signaling point can't be determined in
the own node. In this case, the global title can not be canceled from the SCCP called
party address.
Global title retranslation can be invoked by means of SPGTT Rule Reference Name
and Resume At Digit parameters which allow the selection of another GT Rule.
Include SPC indicates whether or not the SPC as the result of GTT shall additionally
be included in the SCCP called party address field of the outgoing message. NOT
RECOMMENDED!
SPGTCRUL is used to modify the address and address indicator fields in the called
party address of outgoing messages (e.g. IMSI->hybrid IMSI or CANGT).
Traffic Type provides data for traffic measurements by allowing to analyze the cdPA
without the need to analyze all possible combinations of global title digits. Possible
values are: 'Local', 'Nat. Own', 'Nat. Foreign' or International'.


MN2513EU11MN_0001
2006 Siemens AG
49

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Create SCCP Global Title Rule
CRSPGTRUL: SPGTRUL Name = ,
SPGTTRL Name = ,
[SPGTCRUL Name = <Conversion Rule Name>,]
GT Address Info = <Global Title Digits> ,
[SPENS Name =<Entity Set without SSN>,]
[SPRNS Name = <Relay Node Set>,]
[SPGTT Rule Reference Name = ,]
[Resume At Digit = ,]
[Include SPC = ,]
[Traffic Type = ,]

Fig. 28 SCCP global title rule


MN2513EU11MN_0001
2006 Siemens AG
50


MN2513EU11MN_0001
2006 Siemens AG
51

4 Application examples

MN2513EU11MN_0001
2006 Siemens AG
52

4.1 Network-internal location update
VLR and HLR within the same node
An own mobile subscriber requests a location update in a VLR that is located in the
same D900 as his HLR (i.e. they share the same message transfer part and the
same SCCP).

SIEMENS SIEMENS
MSC/VLR/HLR
SP 100
Location
update
IMSI=
262 02 42 12345678
VLRISD=49 172 4200097
HLRISD=49 172 4200096

Fig. 29 Node internal location update


MN2513EU11MN_0001
2006 Siemens AG
53

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Remote SCCP Linkage
Global Title Conversion Rule
Local Access Point
Relay Point
End Point with SSN
OPC NI+DPC SCCP cdPA
incoming MSU
GT Translator
GT Translator
GT Rule
GT Rule
End Point without SSN
Remote Access Point Remote Access Point
Local SCCP Linkage
OPC SCCP cdPA
outgoing MSU
CRSPGTTRL:
SPGTTRL Name=
TTID=
NP=
NA=
CRSPGTRUL:
SPGTRUL Name=
SPGTTRL Name=
GT Adr Info=
SPENS Name=
SPENSSSN Name=
SPRNS Name=
SPGTCRUL Name=
SPGTT Rule Ref Name=
Resume at Digit=
Include SPC=
Traffic Type=
CRSPENS:
SPENS Name=
Prim1 Name=
Prim2 Name=
Sharing Mode=
CRSPAPREM:
SPAPREM Name=
SPLNKREM Name=
SSID=
CRSPGTCRUL:
SPGTCRUL Name=
Addr Info Cov Rule=
New TTID=
New NP=
New NA=
CRSPLNKLOC:
SPLNKLOC Name=
Net Name=
...
GTDIG=
OPC=
DPC=
SSID=
NI=
RI=
Global Title:
GTDIG=
SSID=
NI+DPC
cgPA:
cgPA:

Fig. 30 GTT database


MN2513EU11MN_0001
2006 Siemens AG
54

HLR and VLR in different nodes
An own mobile subscriber registers with a VLR inside his home network and, as a
result, causes an 'Update_Location' message, sent from VLR to his HLR.

SIEMENS SIEMENS
MSC/VLR
SP 100
SIEMENS SIEMENS
HLR
SP 200
Location
update
IMSI=262 02 4112345678
VLRISDN=
49 172 4200097
HLRISDN=49 172 4100096

Fig. 31 Location update in HPLMN


MN2513EU11MN_0001
2006 Siemens AG
55

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Local Access Point
Relay Point
End Point with SSN
incoming MSU
GT Translator
GT Translator
GT Rule
GT Rule
OPC SCCP cdPA
outgoing MSU
CRSPGTTRL:
SPGTTRL Name=
TTID=
NP=
NA=
CRSPGTRUL:
SPGTRUL Name=
SPGTTRL Name=
GT Adr Info=
SPENS Name=
SPENSSSN Name=
SPRNS Name=
SPGTCRUL Name=
Resume at Digit=
Include SPC=
Traffic Type=
CRSPENS:
SPENS Name=
Prim1 Name=
Prim2 Name=
Sharing Mode=
CRSPAPREM:
SPAPREM Name=
SPLNKREM Name=
SSID=
CRSPGTCRUL:
SPGTCRUL Name=
Addr Info Cov Rule=
New TTID=
New NP=
New NA=
GTDIG=
OPC=
DPC=
NI=
RI=
Global Title:
GTDIG=
SSID=
NI+DPC
cgPA:
cgPA:
Local SCCP Linkage
Remote SCCP Linkage
CRSPLNKREM:
SPLNKREM Name=
Net Name=
DPC=
Ass. Con. Section=

Fig. 32 GTT database


MN2513EU11MN_0001
2006 Siemens AG
56

4.2 Mobile terminating call
Interrogating the HLR
A mobile subscriber dials the MSISDN of the subscriber from the previous section.
The MSC of the A-subscriber send the MAP message 'Send_Routing_Info' to the B
subscriber's HLR.

SIEMENS SIEMENS
MSC/VLR
SP 300
SIEMENS SIEMENS
HLR
SP 200
Send
Routing
Info
SIEMENS SIEMENS
MSC/VLR
SP 100
Provide
Roaming
Number
MSISDN=
01724112345
HLRISDN=491724100096
VLRISDN=491724200097

Fig. 33 Mobile terminating call


MN2513EU11MN_0001
2006 Siemens AG
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Local Access Point
Relay Point
End Point with SSN
incoming MSU
GT Translator
GT Translator
GT Rule
GT Rule
OPC SCCP cdPA
outgoing MSU
CRSPGTTRL:
SPGTTRL Name=
TTID=
NP=
NA=
CRSPGTRUL:
SPGTRUL Name=
SPGTTRL Name=
GT Adr Info=
SPENS Name=
SPENSSSN Name=
SPRNS Name=
SPGTCRUL Name=
Resume at Digit=
Include SPC=
Traffic Type=
CRSPENS:
SPENS Name=
Prim1 Name=
Prim2 Name=
Sharing Mode=
CRSPAPREM:
SPAPREM Name=
SPLNKREM Name=
SSID=
CRSPGTCRUL:
SPGTCRUL Name=
Addr Info Cov Rule=
New TTID=
New NP=
New NA=
GTDIG=
OPC=
DPC=
NI=
RI=
Global Title:
GTDIG=
SSID=
NI+DPC
cgPA:
cgPA:
Local SCCP Linkage
Remote SCCP Linkage
CRSPLNKREM:
SPLNKREM Name=
Net Name=
DPC=
Ass. Con. Section=

Fig. 34 GTT database in A-MSC


MN2513EU11MN_0001
2006 Siemens AG
58

Requesting an MSRN
Due to the VLRISDN, found in the mobility data of the B-subscriber, the HLR
requests an MSRN by sending 'Provide_Roaming_Number' to the visited MSC/VLR
of the B-subscriber.

SIEMENS SIEMENS
MSC/VLR
SP 300
SIEMENS SIEMENS
HLR
SP 200
Send
Routing
Info
SIEMENS SIEMENS
MSC/VLR
SP 100
Provide
Roaming
Number
MSISDN
VLRISDN=491724200097
HLRISDN=491724100096

Fig. 35 Mobile terminating call


MN2513EU11MN_0001
2006 Siemens AG
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Local Access Point
Relay Point
End Point with SSN
incoming MSU
GT Translator
GT Translator
GT Rule
GT Rule
OPC SCCP cdPA
outgoing MSU
CRSPGTTRL:
SPGTTRL Name=
TTID=
NP=
NA=
CRSPGTRUL:
SPGTRUL Name=
SPGTTRL Name=
GT Adr Info=
SPENS Name=
SPENSSSN Name=
SPRNS Name=
SPGTCRUL Name=
Resume at Digit=
Include SPC=
Traffic Type=
CRSPENS:
SPENS Name=
Prim1 Name=
Prim2 Name=
Sharing Mode=
CRSPAPREM:
SPAPREM Name=
SPLNKREM Name=
SSID=
CRSPGTCRUL:
SPGTCRUL Name=
Addr Info Cov Rule=
New TTID=
New NP=
New NA=
GTDIG=
OPC=
DPC=
NI=
RI=
Global Title:
GTDIG=
SSID=
NI+DPC
cgPA:
cgPA:
Local SCCP Linkage
Remote SCCP Linkage
CRSPLNKREM:
SPLNKREM Name=
Net Name=
DPC=
Ass. Con. Section=

Fig. 36 GTT database in B-HLR


MN2513EU11MN_0001
2006 Siemens AG
60

4.3 International location update
Location update in the VLR
A roaming subscriber registers with the VLR of a foreign PLMN. The VLR sends an
'Update_Location' message via two possible gateways towards the subscriber's HLR.
The gateways are operating in loadsharing mode and are connected to the VLR on
network NAT0.

SIEMENS SIEMENS
HLR
SP 100
Location
update
VLRISD=491724200097
HLRISDN=
436641200096
SIEMENS SIEMENS
Gateway
SP 200
SIEMENS SI EMENS
Gateway
SP 300
SIEMENS SIEMENS
PSTN
SP 500
SIEMENS SIEMENS
Gateway
SP 200
SIEMENS SIEMENS
Gateway
SP 300
SIEMENS SIEMENS
PSTN
SP 400
own
PLMN
foreign
PLMN
MCC=232
MNC=01
IMSI=
232011234567890
SIEMENS SI EMENS
MSC/VLR
SP 100

Fig. 37 International location update in VLR


MN2513EU11MN_0001
2006 Siemens AG
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Local SCCP Linkage
Local Access Point
End Point with SSN
incoming MSU
GT Translator
GT Translator
GT Rule
GT Rule
Relay Point
Remote SCCP Linkage
OPC SCCP cdPA
outgoing MSU
CRSPGTTRL:
SPGTTRL Name=
TTID=
NP=
NA=
CRSPGTRUL:
SPGTRUL Name=
SPGTTRL Name=
GT Adr Info=
SPENS Name=
SPENSSSN Name=
SPRNS Name=
SPGTCRUL Name=
Resume at Digit=
Include SPC=
Traffic Type=
CRSPRNS:
SPRNS Name=
Prim1 Name=
Prim2 Name=
Back1 Name=
Back2 Name=
SSID=
CRSPAPREM:
SPAPREM Name=
SPLNKREM Name=
SSID=
CRSPGTCRUL:
SPGTCRUL Name=
Addr Info Cov Rule=
New TTID=
New NP=
New NA=
CRSPLNKREM:
SPLNKREM Name=
Net Name=
DPC=
Ass. Con. Section=
GTDIG=
OPC=
DPC=
SSID=
NI=
RI=
Global Title:
GTDIG=
SSID=
NI+DPC
cgPA:
cgPA:

Fig. 38 GTT database in VLR


MN2513EU11MN_0001
2006 Siemens AG
62

Location update in the own gateway
One of the own gateway switches receives the 'Update_Location' message and
forwards it to one of two possible PSTN gateways which have a connection to the
destination PLMN. The signaling connection to the PSTN is on network level NAT1
and the PSTN gateways are addressed with loadsharing.

SI EMENS SI EMENS
MSC/VLR
SP 100
SI EMENS SI EMENS
HLR
SP 100
Location
update
VLRISD=491724200097
SI EMENS SI EMENS
Gateway
SP 300
SI EMENS SI EMENS
PSTN
SP 500
SI EMENS SI EMENS
Gateway
SP 200
SIEMENS SIEMENS
Gateway
SP 300
Own
PLMN
foreign
PLMN
MCC=232
MNC=01
SIEMENS SI EMENS
Gateway
SP 200
SI EMENS SIEMENS
PSTN
SP 400
HLRISD=
436641200096
IMSI=
232011234567890

Fig. 39 Location update in the own gateway


MN2513EU11MN_0001
2006 Siemens AG
63

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Local SCCP Linkage
Local Access Point
End Point with SSN
incoming MSU
GT Translator
GT Translator
GT Rule
GT Rule
Relay Point
Remote SCCP Linkage
OPC SCCP cdPA
outgoing MSU
CRSPGTTRL:
SPGTTRL Name=
TTID=
NP=
NA=
CRSPGTRUL:
SPGTRUL Name=
SPGTTRL Name=
GT Adr Info=
SPENS Name=
SPENSSSN Name=
SPRNS Name=
SPGTCRUL Name=
Resume at Digit=
Include SPC=
Traffic Type=
CRSPRNS:
SPRNS Name=
Prim1 Name=
Prim2 Name=
Back1 Name=
Back2 Name=
SSID=
CRSPAPREM:
SPAPREM Name=
SPLNKREM Name=
SSID=
CRSPGTCRUL:
SPGTCRUL Name=
Addr Info Cov Rule=
New TTID=
New NP=
New NA=
CRSPLNKREM:
SPLNKREM Name=
Net Name=
DPC=
Ass. Con. Section=
GTDIG=
OPC=
DPC=
SSID=
NI=
RI=
Global Title:
GTDIG=
SSID=
NI+DPC
cgPA:
cgPA:

Fig. 40 GTT database in the own gateway switches


MN2513EU11MN_0001
2006 Siemens AG
64

Location update in the gateway of the destination network
The 'Update_Location' message is received in the gateway of the B-subscribers
PLMN and forwarded to his HLR.

SIEMENS SIEMENS
MSC/VLR
SP 100
SIEMENS SI EMENS
HLR
SP 100
Location
Update
VLRISD= 491724200097
SI EMENS SI EMENS
Gateway
SP 200
SI EMENS SIEMENS
Gateway
SP 300
SIEMENS SIEMENS
PSTN
SP 500
SI EMENS SI EMENS
Gateway
SP 200
SI EMENS SIEMENS
Gateway
SP 300
SI EMENS SI EMENS
PSTN
SP 400
Now regarded as a foreign
network
Now regarded
as the own
network
MCC=232
MNC=01
HLRISDN=
436641200096
IMSI=
232011234567890

Fig. 41 Location update in the gateway of the destination PLMN


MN2513EU11MN_0001
2006 Siemens AG
65

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Local Access Point
Relay Point
End Point with SSN
incoming MSU
GT Translator
GT Translator
GT Rule
GT Rule
OPC SCCP cdPA
outgoing MSU
CRSPGTTRL:
SPGTTRL Name=
TTID=
NP=
NA=
CRSPGTRUL:
SPGTRUL Name=
SPGTTRL Name=
GT Adr Info=
SPENS Name=
SPENSSSN Name=
SPRNS Name=
SPGTCRUL Name=
Resume at Digit=
Include SPC=
Traffic Type=
CRSPENS:
SPENS Name=
Prim1 Name=
Prim2 Name=
Sharing Mode=
CRSPAPREM:
SPAPREM Name=
SPLNKREM Name=
SSID=
CRSPGTCRUL:
SPGTCRUL Name=
Addr Info Cov Rule=
New TTID=
New NP=
New NA=
GTDIG=
OPC=
DPC=
NI=
RI=
Global Title:
GTDIG=
SSID=
NI+DPC
cgPA:
cgPA:
Local SCCP Linkage
Remote SCCP Linkage
CRSPLNKREM:
SPLNKREM Name=
Net Name=
DPC=
Ass. Con. Section=

Fig. 42 GTT database in the gateway of the destination PLMN


MN2513EU11MN_0001
2006 Siemens AG
66

Insert subscriber data in HLR
The HLR has received the 'Update_Location' message and returns the subscriber
data to the visited VLR. The own gateways are operated in loadsharing.

SI EMENS SIEMENS
MSC/VLR
SP 100
SI EMENS SI EMENS
HLR
SP 100
Subscriber
Data
VLRISD= 491724200097
SI EMENS SI EMENS
Gateway
SP 200
SIEMENS SI EMENS
Gateway
SP 300
SI EMENS SI EMENS
PSTN
SP 500
SIEMENS SIEMENS
Gateway
SP 200
SIEMENS SIEMENS
Gateway
SP 300
SIEMENS SI EMENS
PSTN
SP 400
Now regarded as
a foreign network
Now regarded
as the own
network
MCC=232
MNC=01
HLRISD=
436641200096
IMSI=
232011234567890

Fig. 43 Transmission of subscriber data in the HLR


MN2513EU11MN_0001
2006 Siemens AG
67

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Local SCCP Linkage
Local Access Point
End Point with SSN
incoming MSU
GT Translator
GT Translator
GT Rule
GT Rule
Relay Point
Remote SCCP Linkage
OPC SCCP cdPA
outgoing MSU
CRSPGTTRL:
SPGTTRL Name=
TTID=
NP=
NA=
CRSPGTRUL:
SPGTRUL Name=
SPGTTRL Name=
GT Adr Info=
SPENS Name=
SPENSSSN Name=
SPRNS Name=
SPGTCRUL Name=
Resume at Digit=
Include SPC=
Traffic Type=
CRSPRNS:
SPRNS Name=
Prim1 Name=
Prim2 Name=
Back1 Name=
Back2 Name=
SSID=
CRSPAPREM:
SPAPREM Name=
SPLNKREM Name=
SSID=
CRSPGTCRUL:
SPGTCRUL Name=
Addr Info Cov Rule=
New TTID=
New NP=
New NA=
CRSPLNKREM:
SPLNKREM Name=
Net Name=
DPC=
Ass. Con. Section=
GTDIG=
OPC=
DPC=
SSID=
NI=
RI=
Global Title:
GTDIG=
SSID=
NI+DPC
cgPA:
cgPA:

Fig. 44 GTT database in HLR


MN2513EU11MN_0001
2006 Siemens AG
68

Insert subscriber data in the gateway
The subscriber data from the HLR are received by the gateways in the HLR's PLMN
which distribute them to the PSTN gateways, addressed in load sharing. Signaling
connection to the PSTN is realized on network NAT1.

SIEMENS SI EMENS
MSC/VLR
SP 100
SIEMENS SIEMENS
HLR
SP 100
Subscriber
Data
VLRISD= 491724200097
SI EMENS SIEMENS
Gateway
SP 200
SI EMENS SIEMENS
Gateway
SP 300
SIEMENS SI EMENS
PSTN
SP 500
SI EMENS SIEMENS
Gateway
SP 200
SI EMENS SI EMENS
Gateway
SP 300
SIEMENS SIEMENS
PSTN
SP 400
Now regarded as a foreign
network
Now regarded
as the own
network
MCC=232
MNC=01
HLRISD=
436641200096
IMSI=
232011234567890

Fig. 45 Transmission of subscriber data in the gateway


MN2513EU11MN_0001
2006 Siemens AG
69

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

incoming MSU
GT Translator
GT Translator
CRSPGTTRL:
SPGTTRL Name=
TTID=
NP=
NA=
GT Rule
GT Rule
CRSPGTRUL:
SPGTRUL Name=
SPGTTRL Name=
GT Adr Info=
SPENS Name=
SPENSSSN Name=
SPRNS Name=
SPGTCRUL Name=
Resume at Digit=
Include SPC=
Traffic Type=
End Point with SSN
Relay Point
CRSPRNS:
SPRNS Name=
Prim1 Name=
Prim2 Name=
Back1 Name=
Back2 Name=
SSID=
Local Access Point
CRSPAPREM:
SPAPREM Name=
SPLNKREM Name=
SSID=
CRSPGTCRUL:
SPGTCRUL Name=
Addr Info Cov Rule=
New TTID=
New NP=
New NA=
Local SCCP Linkage
Remote SCCP Linkage
CRSPLNKREM:
SPLNKREM Name=
Net Name=
DPC=
Ass. Con. Section=
OPC SCCP cdPA
outgoing MSU
NI+DPC
GTDIG=
OPC=
DPC=
SSID=
NI=
RI=
cgPA:
End Point with SSN
Relay Point
CRSPRNS:
SPRNS Name=
Prim1 Name=
Prim2 Name=
Back1 Name=
Back2 Name=
SSID=

Fig. 46 GTT database in the gateway


MN2513EU11MN_0001
2006 Siemens AG
70

Global Title Translation

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Global Title Translation Siemens

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