Establish a relationship between core power and dimensions

using Table 1 by regression method.

Start operating time Name Power(MW)

Height*Radius(m
2
)

1972.4 Stade KKs 630

9.1195






1972.5 Maine YanKee 793

12.6






1973.5 Hutchinson 825

12.6






1974.9 Trojan 1130

12.444






1976.8 Biblis B 1180

14.04






1962.3 N.S.Savannch 1111.55

2.72






1968.1 N.S.Otto Hahn 1399.52057

1.288


From the data of the above given reactor I had plotted the power vs. dimension curve and the equation
of curve by curve fitting method I obtain power in terms of core dimensions and then by putting
dimensions i obtain the power of two reactors with given dimensions.
Note: Ive used 2
nd
degree quadratic equation in curve fitting, better approximation is cubic but it
gives negative power.


Compute all parameters of table 2 using data of table 1. You
may use a=b=c=Diameter of core.
E
f
=200Mev
f
=1.63cm
-1
I. Infinite Slab
Reactor Name Dimensions Buckling A Flux()
max
/
Stade KKs 6.1 0.264971782 3.11E+20 1.98E+20 1.57
Maine Yankee 7 0.201216327 3.41E+20 2.17E+20 1.57
Hutchinson 7 0.201216327 3.55E+20 2.26E+20 1.57
Trojan 6.8 0.213226644 5.00E+20 3.19E+20 1.57
Biblis B 7.2 0.190192901 4.93E+20 3.14E+20 1.57
N.S.Savannch 3.2 0.962851563 1.05E+21 6.66E+20 1.57





y = 16.128x
2
- 265.73x + 1715.3
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Power
Dimensions
Power Vs. dimensions


II. Rectangular parallelepiped
Reactor Name Dimensions Buckling A Minimum Volume Flux()
max
/
Stade KKs 226.981 0.794915345 1.46E+19 320.5259776 3.76E+18 3.88
Maine Yankee 343 0.60364898 8.04E+18 731.9349133 2.07E+18 3.88
Hutchinson 343 0.60364898 8.36E+18 731.9349133 2.16E+18 3.88
Trojan 314.432 0.639679931 1.36E+19 615.0886308 3.51E+18 3.88
Biblis B 373.248 0.570578704 1.01E+19 866.7207659 2.60E+18 3.88
N.S.Savannch 32.768 2.888554688 1.23E+21 6.680117374 3.18E+20 3.88

III. Infinite Cylinder
Reactor Name Dimensions Buckling Flux() A
max
/
Stade KKs 3.05 0.621771 4.13E+19 9.58E+19 2.32
Maine Yankee 3.5 0.472165 3.95E+19 9.16E+19 2.32
Hutchinson 3.5 0.472165 4.11E+19 9.53E+19 2.32
Trojan 3.4 0.500348 5.96E+19 1.38E+20 2.32
Biblis B 3.6 0.446298 5.55E+19 1.29E+20 2.32
N.S.Savannch 1.6 2.259385 2.65E+20 6.14E+20 2.32

IV. Finite Cylinder
Reactor Name(R,H) Dimensions Buckling A
max
/ Minimum Volume Flux()
Stade KKs 3.05,2.99 1.724622 1.52E+18 3.64 28.85225605 4.19E+17
Maine Yankee 3.5,3.6 1.232937 7.01E+17 3.64 78.96582044 1.93E+17
Hutchinson 3.5,3.6 1.232937 7.29E+17 3.64 78.96582044 2.00E+17
Trojan 3.4,3.66 1.236381 1.01E+18 3.64 78.30776743 2.77E+17
Biblis B 3.6,3.9 1.09453 7.30E+17 3.64 112.8701548 2.00E+17
N.S.Savannch 1.6,1.7 5.671011 9.56E+19 3.64 0.811484506 2.63E+19
N.S.Otto Hahn 1.15,1.12 12.23357 1.21E+21 3.64 0.080835558 3.32E+20



V. Sphere
Reactor Name Dimensions Buckling Flux() A
max
/ Minimum Volume
Stade KKs 3.05 1.059887 9.87E+18 3.25E+19 3.29 115.7241814
Maine Yankee 3.5 0.804865 9.43E+18 3.10E+19 3.29 200.6766939
Hutchinson 3.5 0.804865 9.81E+18 3.23E+19 3.29 200.6766939
Trojan 3.4 0.852907 1.42E+19 4.69E+19 3.29 178.7065325
Biblis B 3.6 0.760772 1.33E+19 4.36E+19 3.29 224.6129352
N.S.Savannch 1.6 3.851406 6.33E+19 2.08E+20 3.29 8.764046853
N.S.Otto Hahn 1.15 7.455274 1.54E+20 5.07E+20 3.29 2.33892406


Flux Profile in a cylindrical core:
And the flux distribution in a reactor is
2.405
( , ) ( ) cos( ) r z AJo r z
R H
t
=
Where A is a constant determined by both constants A and C. A constant also is determined by power
level.
Consider a ring volume element 2 dV rdrdz t = power released from the element at (r,z) is
f f
2 E ( , ) dp r z rdrdz t =
Integrate from 0 to R and from H/2 to H/2 for z then
2
f f
0 0
E ( , )
H
R
P r z rdrdz =
} }

Expression of inserting the equation thus is
2
f f
0 0
2.405
4 E ( ) cos( )
R
o
P A rJ r dr z dz
R H
t
t
t =
} }

First integration in equation
2
1
0
( ') ' ( )
R
o
J x dx x J x =
}

2 1
0
(2.405) 2.405
( )
2.405
R
o
J
rJ r dr R
R
=
}

And 2
nd
integration is
2
0
cos( )
H
z dz
H
t
t
t
=
}

Where
2
V R H t = is the volume of the cylindrical Reactor. It can be found from the special function
table that
1
(2.405) 0.518 J ~ , then constant A is found to be
f f 1
2.405
E 4 (2.405)
P
A
V J
t
=

f f
3.64
E
P
A
V
=

f f
E
3.64
A V
P

=
2
f f
E
3.64
A R H
P
t
=


Radius Height Power(MW)
3.05 2.99 6.073397
3.5 3.6 4.428663
3.5 3.6 4.607373
3.4 3.66 6.105377
3.6 3.9 5.284118
1.6 1.7 59.61254
1.15 1.12 256.4428






Flux non uniformity coefficient:
It can be seen from the table that the flux for any critical reactor, a flux spatial distribution is non
uniform, and always maximum at center plane , minimum at an edge. As it is known , a power density
distribution in a core is basically proportional to the flux distribution , hence a power density distribution
is non uniform is a core too. With the period of operating reactor control rods must move according to a
specified withdrawal rods code. If the local power peak caused from the perturbation of control rods is
overlapped with the maximum local power of original power distribution , it is possible the thermal
characteristics of the point exceeds firstly a safety criterion to fault. Thus , in order to fully utilize fuel, a
power distribution as flat as possible over the core life is needed.
The calculating method of a non uniformity coefficient of a flux distribution in homogenous bare
reactors will be introduced as follows. The flux distribution non uniformity coefficient is defined as
max
K
|
|
|
=
Where
max
| is maximum flux
| is the average flux, it is defined by
( )
1
( )
r
r
r
r dr
r dr
V
dr
|
| | = =
}
}
}

I. Non uniformity coefficient for a finite cylinder:
The flux distribution for a finite cylinder is
2.405
( , ) ( ) cos( ) r z AJo r z
R H
t
=
At r=0, flux is maximum, that is
max
(0) A | | = =
1
( )
V
r dr
V
| | =
}

2
2
0
2
2.405
( )2 cos( )
r z H
R
H
R H
K K K
Jo r rdr z dz
R H
|
t
t
t

= =
} }

Where
r
K is called as the flux distribution radius non uniformity coefficient, it is given as
Where
2
V R H t =
According to the definition of the flux distribution non uniformity coefficient can be written as
2
0
2.405
( )2
r R
R
K
Jo r rdr
R
t
t
=
}

z
K is called as the flux distribution axis direction non uniformity coefficient , it is given as
2
2
cos( )
z H
H
H
K
z dz
H
t

=
}

By the integral properties of the zero order Bessel functions, then
2
2
1
2 (2.405)
2.405
r
R
K
R J
t
t
=
1
2.405
2 (2.405) J
=
2.405
2*0.518
=
2.321 =
1.571
2
2
z
H
K
H
t
t
= = =
*
z r
K K K
|
=
2.321*1.571 =
3.646 =
II. Non uniformity coefficient for a Infinite
cylinder:
The flux distribution for a finite cylinder is
2.405
( , ) ( ) r z AJo r
R
=
The maximum flux can be found at r=0
max
(0) A | | = =
The average flux can be found as
1
( )
V
r dr
V
| | =
}

max
K
|
|
|
=
2
0 0
2.405
( )2
R H
R H
K
Jo r rdrdz
R
|
t
t
=
} }

2
0
2.405
( )2
r R
R
K
Jo r rdr
R
t
t
=
}

0
1
z H
H
K
dz
= =
}

2
2
1
2 (2.405)
2.405
r
R
K
R J
t
t
=
1
2.405
2 (2.405) J
=
2.405
2*0.518
=
2.321 =
*
z r
K K K
|
=
2.321*1 =
2.321 =
III. Non uniformity coefficient for a Infinite slab:
The flux distribution for a finite cylinder is
( ) cos( ) x A x
a
t
| =
The maximum flux can be found at x=0
max
(0) A | | = =
The average flux can be found as
2
0
2
0
cos( )
( )
a
a
A x
a
x
dx
t
| =
}
}

*
2
2
a
A
A
a
t
t
= =
max
1.57
2
2
A
K
A
|
| t
|
t
= = = =
IV. Non uniformity coefficient for a Rectangular
parallelepiped:
The flux distribution for a finite cylinder is
( ) cos( ) cos( ) cos( ) x A x y z
a b c
t t t
| =
The maximum flux can be found at x=0
max
(0) A | | = =
The average flux can be found as
2 2 2
0 0 0
2 2 2
0 0 0
cos( ) cos( ) cos( )
( )
a a a
a a a
A x y z dxdydz
a b c
x
dxdydz
t t t
| =
} } }
} } }

3
3
3
( )
8
( )
2
a
A
A
a
t
t
= =
3
max
3
3.87
8
8
A
K
A
|
| t
|
t
= = = =

V. Non uniformity coefficient for a sphere:
The flux distribution for a finite cylinder
is

The maximum flux can be found at r=0
( ) sin( )
A
r r
r R
t
| =
max
0
lim sin( )
r
A
r
r R
t
|

=
The average flux can be found as
0
sin( )
lim
r
r
R
A
R
R
t
t
t
=
A
R
t
=
( )
( )
V
V dV
r
V
|
| =
}

3
4
3
V r t =
2
4 dV r t =
2
3
( )4
( )
4
3
r
r r
r
r
| t
|
t
=
}

2
0
3
sin( )4
( )
4
3
R
A
r r dr
r R
r
R
t
t
|
t
=
}

3
cos( )
1 1
4 cos( ) *
4
3
r
R
A r r dr
R
R
R R
t
t
t
t t
t
(
(
= +
(
(

}

3A
R t
=
2
3.28
3
3
A
R
K
A
R
|
t
t
t
= = =

Compute and plot the flux profiles for each case using any
software.
Infinite Slab







0
5E+19
1E+20
1.5E+20
2E+20
2.5E+20
3E+20
3.5E+20
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
Flux
Distance
Rectangular parallelepiped



Infinite cylinder

r=-3.5:1:3.5;
a=2.405/3.5.*r
A=9.528e19;
y=besselj(0,a)
z=A*y
plot(r,z)


0
2E+18
4E+18
6E+18
8E+18
1E+19
1.2E+19
1.4E+19
1.6E+19
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
Flux
Distance

Finite cylinder