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sb ad o , 6 d e ag o st o d e 2011

El Origen de la Vida no es una Lotera


Por Jason Dulle

Basados en la teora de la probabilidad, podemos concluir con confianza, que la vida no pudo
haber surgido por casualidad desde la no-vida
En un mensaje anterior, sostuve que la casualidad no puede explicar el origen de la primera
clula viva, porque las probabilidades son en extremo demasiado bajas para tener alguna
posibilidad razonable de ser concretadas. La probabilidad de que una sola protena funcional
llegara a formarse por casualidad es de 1 en 10 16 4. Esta es una probabilidad de 1 en 100
billones de billones de billones de billones de billones de billones de billones de billones de
billones de billones de billones de billones de billones de billones de billones de billones de
billones de billones de billones de billones de billones de billones de billones de billones de
billones de billones de billones. Pero la forma ms simple de vida, necesita de por lo menos
250 protenas diferentes, reduciendo la probabilidad a 1 en 10 41.0 0 0 !
Aunque los nmeros son asombrosos, muchas personas levantarn inmediatamente la
objecin de la lotera, argumentando que as como las probabilidades de ganar la lotera son
bajas, pero la gente gana la lotera todo el tiempo, as tambin la probabilidad de que la vida se
forme por casualidad puede ser baja, pero eso no significa que sea imposible. Aunque la
analoga es comprensible, debemos preguntarnos si la lotera y el origen de la vida son algo
verdaderamente anlogo, y entonces nos daremos cuenta de que no es as, y que la
Generated from

diferencia es enorme.
La probabilidad de que la vida se forme a partir de la materia inerte por medio del azar, no
puede ser legtimamente comparada con la probabilidad de ganar la lotera, por las siguientes
razones: (1) la probabilidad de que la vida se forme por azar, es exponencialmente muy inferior,
y (2) los recursos probabilsticos para superar las probabilidades de ganar la lotera, son muy
diferentes a los recursos probabilsticos para superar las dificultades de que la vida se forme
por azar.
Qu son los "recursos probabilsticos"? Este es un trmino tcnico que se refiere al nmero
de oportunidades disponibles para satisfacer cualquier probabilidad dada. La siguiente
ilustracin ayudar a aclarar la relacin de las probabilidades con los recursos probabilsticos:

La probabilidad de que alguien adivine la combinacin correcta de una cerradura bloqueada


con 5 nmeros (donde cada nmero tiene la posibilidad de corresponder a cualquiera de los 10
dgitos del 0 a 9), es de 1 en 100.000. Cul es la probabilidad de que alguien pueda abrir la
cerradura sin conocer la combinacin? Depende del nmero de intentos que se le permitan (los
recursos probabilsticos). Si se le permite un slo intento, la probabilidad de fallar es enorme
frente a la probabilidad de abrir la cerradura. Sin embargo, si se le permiten 100.000 intentos, es
prcticamente seguro que ser capaz de abrir la cerradura.
Ahora, vamos a hablar durante un momento sobre la vida y la lotera. La probabilidad de que
alguien se gane la lotera es en realidad muy alta, comparada con la probabilidad de que la vida
se forme por azar, y adems los recursos probabilsticos son muy altos en la lotera. En una
lotera, el periodo de tiempo que tarda una persona para ganarla, depende de la cantidad de
nmeros que deben hacerse coincidir (las probabilidades se hacen exponencialmente inferiores
por cada nmero agregado), del nmero de jugadores y de la frecuencia de los sorteos. Vamos
a tomar un ejemplo concreto. La probabilidad de ganar la Lotera Mega Millones, es de 1 en
176.000.000. Si 30 millones de personas la juegan cada semana, y cada persona compra un
billete nico que representa una combinacin nica de nmeros, la probabilidad de que alguien
se gane la lotera en el prximo sorteo es de 1 en 6. Debido a que los recursos probabilsticos
son tan altos para las loteras, la probabilidad de que alguien se la gane, puede ser fcilmente
cubierta (para que en promedio, alguien gane el premio mayor de Mega Millones, una vez cada
4 semanas).
Sin embargo, lo mismo no ocurre con el origen de la vida. Existe una inmensa brecha entre la
probabilidad de la formacin de la vida desde la no-vida por azar y los recursos probabilsticos
Generated from

disponibles para satisfacer esa probabilidad. Como se seal anteriormente, la probabilidad de


que la forma de vida ms bsica pueda constituirse, es la asombrosa cifra de 1 en 10 41.0 0 0 .
Esta probabilidad podra ser cubierta en un tiempo razonable? No, porque no hay suficientes
recursos probabilsticos disponibles en todo el universo conocido, para darle siquiera una
probabilidad razonable de que ocurra. Cmo puedo saber esto? Si tomamos el nmero de
segundos transcurridos desde el Big Bang (10 16 ), y aadimos a esto el nmero de partculas
elementales en el universo (10 8 0 ), y aadimos tambin el nmero de interacciones de
partculas por segundo (10 43), podemos calcular el nmero total de eventos en toda la historia
del universo, lo que resulta ser la admirable cantidad de 10 139 eventos. Esta cifra detallada es:
10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
,000,000,000.
Esa es una cifra enorme, pero todava est muy lejos de 10 41.0 0 0 , que detallada es:
100,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
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000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
Generated from

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000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
Generated from

000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
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Generated from

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Generated from

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Generated from

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000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
Generated from

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Generated from

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Generated from

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000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
Generated from

000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
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000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
Generated from

000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
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000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
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000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
Generated from

000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
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000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
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000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
Generated from

000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
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000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
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000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
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000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
Generated from

000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
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000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
Generated from

000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,|
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
Generated from

000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
Generated from

000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
Generated from

000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000.
No! Las teclas de mi computador no se quedaron pegadas! Ese es el nmero real!
Esto quiere decir que el nmero total de eventos a lo largo de toda la historia del universo es
menor que 1 en cada:
billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn
billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn
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billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn
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billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn
billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn
billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn
billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn
billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn
billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn
billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn
billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn
billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn
billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn
billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn
billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn
billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn
billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn
billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn
billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn
billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn
billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn
billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn
billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn
billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn
billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn
Generated from

billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn
billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn
billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn
billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn
billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn
billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn
billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn
billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn
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billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn
billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn billn, del nmero
total de eventos necesarios para dar el origen de la vida hasta con un 50% de probabilidad de
xito.
Pienso que debera quedar claro que el origen de la vida no es como la lotera. No solo la
probabilidad para ganar la lotera es inmensamente mayor, sino que los recursos
probabilsticos son tan abundantes, que se da por cierto de que alguien la ganar (y de hecho
esto ocurre muchas veces). La probabilidad para la formacin de la vida desde la no-vida por
casualidad, corresponde a una magnitud de un orden muchsimo menor que aquel que se
requiere para ganar la lotera, y los recursos probabilsticos corresponden a magnitudes
inmensamente menores que la de los recursos probabilsticos para ganar la lotera. Esta es la
razn por la que los matemticos entrenados en la teora de la probabilidad, pueden concluir
con confianza que la vida no pudo haber surgido por casualidad.

Posdata:
Luego de haber escrito este artculo, me di cuenta que yo sobre-estim las probabilidades,
pues cualquier organismo con 250 genes tendra que ser un parsito, lo que significa que no
podra haber sobrevivido por s solo, sino que habra requerido de un organismo husped para
cumplir con todas sus funciones metablicas. Puesto que no habra otras formas de vida
presentes antes del origen de la vida, el primer organismo vivo tendra que haber sido capaz
de sobrevivir por su cuenta, y esto requiere de un tamao de genoma mucho ms grande:
Los organismos que son capaces de vivir por su cuenta por consumir material orgnico del
medio ambiente, requieren de un tamao de genoma de mnimo 1.300-1.500 genes (sin
embargo, si esta hubiera sido la primera forma de vida, los ejemplares se comeran entre s y
rpidamente llegaran a la no-existencia).
Los organismos que son capaces de vivir por su cuenta al formar su propia comida a travs
de los productos qumicos del medio ambiente (quimioauttrofos), requieren de un tamao de
genoma de mnimo 1.500-1.900 genes.
Los organismos que son capaces de vivir por su cuenta al hacer su propia comida a travs de
la luz solar (fotoauttrofos), requieren de un tamao de genoma de mnimo 2.300 genes.
Con base en los registros fsiles, podra especularse que las primeras formas de vida podran
haber sido quimioauttrofos o fotoauttrofos. Para ser considerados, vamos a suponer que
la primera forma de vida fue un simple quimioauttrofo con 1.500 genes. Asumiendo un
tamao mnimo de 150 aminocidos por gen, las posibilidades de formacin de ese organismo
es un asombroso 1:10 225.0 0 0 , nmero que detallado consumira ms de cien pginas para ser
escrito.
Recuerde que el nmero de tentativas que la naturaleza habra tenido para producir tal
organismo es tan slo:
Generated from

10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
,000,000,000.
Estos parecen muchos intentos, pero sera apenas como una pequea gota en un gran cubo,
cuando se compara contra el nmero total de intentos necesarios de dar a la vida cualquier
probabilidad realista de formacin desde la no-vida.
Julio Cesar Clavijo Sierra en 23:57
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Julio Csar Clavijo Sierra hac e 3 aos


Hola CMos, gracias por tu ltima participacin. Lamentablemente te has despedido
diciendo que tienes mucha evidencia de la evolucin, pero no has demostrado nada.
Yo he presentado la debilidad de todos tus argumentos, pero t no has podido rebatir
la imposibilidad de que la vida no puede provenir de la no-vida. Como eres
incompetente para responder, entonces dices que tu problema no es de
incompetencia sino de cansancio y aburrimiento. Esa es una salida muy fcil, pero
que tiene el agravante de que aun no ha solucionado tu problema de incompetencia.
1. Sobre tu comentario de Francisco Jos Ayala, ya vimos que Ayala no puede
controvertir
imposibilidad matemtica de que la vida provenga de la no-vida, y
CMos
hac ela
3 aos
entonces encuentra la salida contando chistes. 2. Es posible que algunos de los
Cre, tonto yo, que con la referencia que di sobre Ayala habas entendido sobre las
autores de los artculos publicados en el blog LA CIENCIA Y SUS DEMONIOS, sean
probabilidades, en fin... Si crees saber ms que los editores del blog, muchos de
personas que se queman las pestaas tratando de desarrollar vacunas, pero ellos no
ellos doctores en microbiologia, quienes basan sus experimentos en el estudio y
tienen que usar conceptos evolutivos para eso, pues para desarrollar una vacuna no
desarrollo de las vacunas usando conceptos evolutivos, quienes se queman las
es necesario creer que una especie puede convertirse en otra especie por medio
pestaas dia a dia en sus laboratorios tratando de encontrar vacunas de la que
de un proceso llamado evolucin. Muchas personas han desarrollado y desarrollan
posiblemente disfrutes sus beneficios, mal vamos si afirmas que no tienen nada de
actualmente medicamentos y vacunas sin necesidad de creer en la religin de la
cientficas. Yo no creo en la evolucin, estoy convencido que es la nica teora
teora de la evolucin de las especies. Acerca de mi formacin acadmica, te la dije
cientfica que explica la biodiversidad y la que es aceptada por la comunidad
para que supieras que ests hablando con alguien que sabe lo que es ciencia y lo
cientfica
y que
a laSierra
vez, cuenta
una aplastante evidencia, que tienes tu?
Julio Csar
Clavijo
hac e con
3 aos
que es religin. Pero t intentas decir que solo los bilogos o los qumicos pueden
dogmatismo, fe en un dios de los huecos, si, porque cuando no tienes conocimiento
Hola
saludos
Por
lo que vemos
tus
comentarios,
conclusin
hablarCMos,
acerca
de loscordiales.
fenmenos
naturales,
por lo en
cual
demuestras
unalagran
de un fenmeno o no encuentras explicacin lo atribuyes a un dios, muy fcil no?
obvia
es
que
te
has
expresado
mal
una
y
otra
vez.
Yo
entiendo
perfectamente
las
ignorancia en torno a este tema. 3. T demuestras que tienes una gran fe en tu religin
Solo los fundamentalistas dicen tener la verdad absoluta y es la que afirmas tu.
premisas
de la evolucin
y s quepues
no tienen
cientficas.
t contaras
con la
de la evolucin
de las especies,
creesnada
tenerde
una
aplastanteSievidencia
cientfica
Sagan crea en los extraterrestres?? aah mira t no lo saba, y que un ing. civil se meta
evidencia
de
la
evolucin
de
las
especies,
ya
me
la
hubieras
presentado
y
este
para ella, a pesar de que la evolucin de las especies nunca se ha observado,
a hablar de evolucin es mucho peor, no me extraa. Zapatero a tus zapatos, lo mio
debate
acabado,
pero
t no puedes
hacerlo
y aun
as me
dices
repetidoseo hubiera
verificado
en algn
laboratorio,
y a pesar
de que
nunca
nadie
ha que
podido
no es incapacidad de responder a tus cuentos, es cansancio y aburrimiento porque
sigues creyendo en la evolucin. Con esto demuestras que yo no estoy equivocado

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CMos hac e 3 aos


Parece que no entendiste o yo me expres mal, no dije que un ser vivo evolucione
por el hecho de vacunarse, lo que dije fu que en los laboratorios se usa conceptos,
premisas, etc. evolutivos para el desarrollo de las mismas. Sigues confundiendo
conceptos, hecho que demuestra que sabes muy poco de evolucin, la teora
evolutiva no tiene nada que ver con la abiognesis, haz el esfuerzo y deja de leer por
un buen tiempo tu librito de fbulas y agarra libros de ciencia.
artculo no tiene nada de cientfico, te aseguro que el autor o los autores del blog
saben un poquito ms de lo que te imaginas, entre ellos puedes encontrar a bilogos,
microbilogos,
gelogos,
matemticos, ingenieros, etc. as que un poquito
Julio
Csar Clavijo
Sierra fsicos,
hac e 3 aos
mas de modestia. La verdad no s para que me gasto, discutir con creatas es el
CMos, el desarrollo de las vacunas y de los medicamentos no tienen nada que ver
perder el tiempo. bye.
con la falsa religin de la teora de la evolucin de las especies, as que no hay
ningn problema en usarlas cuando est cientficamente comprobado que s sirven
para prevenir o tratar las enfermedades que nos afectan o pueden afectarnos.
se ha visto que por el desarrollo de una vacuna, un ser vivo haya evolucionado hacia
una especie diferente o superior, as que te recomiendo que no bases tus
argumentos sobre la imaginacin.
Julio Csar Clavijo Sierra hac e 3 aos
Hola CMos, gracias por tu nueva participacin. Al exponer los errores en la
argumentacin del sr. Ayala, nunca he sido soberbio, sino que simplemente he
demostrado que el seor Ayala no responde al asunto en cuestin, levanta una
cortina de humo, y termina contando un chiste para hacer rer a su audiencia.
piensas que con atacarme a m, dicindome poco ilustrado o ignorante, ya has
refutado mi posicin, pero eso solamente demuestra que has pasado a ataques de
tipo personal, no que me hayas respondido. Yo no he confundido ninguno de los
trminos que tienen que ver con la evolucin. Simplemente estoy diciendo la verdad,
y es quehac
la eevolucin
no es un hecho cientfico, que la evolucin nunca se ha
CMos
3 aos
observado, y que los que creen en ella pasan al campo metafsico, donde en realidad
Cuidado, que la soberbia es un pecado! ud. cree saber mas que Ayala sobre
se vuelven religiosos por tener fe en algo que nunca han visto. La evolucin no es
evolucin y encima le dice 'payaso', lo que creo es que Ud. no sabe nada sobre el,
ciencia sino religin. As que t eres un hombre de mucha fe en la evolucin, y no le
confunde muchos trminos que nada tienen que ver con la evolucin.
ests haciendo caso a tu maestro Carl Sagan, quien dijo que la fe es el primer gran
como un mantra como todo buen creata que la evolucion no es cientifica, que no
defecto del hombre. El artculo que me recomiendas, y que se titula el azar y la
puede comprobarse, ni observarse, entonces le sugiero que deje de usar
seleccin acumulativa, es un material que no puede refutar la imposibilidad
medicamentos, vacunas, etc. por que estas utilizan la falsa teoria evolutiva para su
probabilstica de que la vida se pueda formar desde la no-vida. El artculo
desarrollo. Ilustrece un poco, que queda en ridiculo, le suguiero que lea
simplemente asume como un hecho que la vida se form por azar desde la no-vida, y
otro articulo, le hara bien, se lo aseguro. saludos
entonces dice: El problema -para los creacionistas- es que la biologa evolutiva no
Julio Csar Clavijo Sierra hac e 3 aos
postula que la evolucin se produzca al azar Pues bien, de toda la variabilidad
(Respuesta
Cmos,
2) Asimismo,
representacin
F. J. Ayala,
generada al aazar,
soloparte
sobrevivir
la quelapermita
una mejorprobabilista
adaptacinde
al medio
y -en
no
es
similar
o
anloga
a
la
probabilidad
de
que
la
vida
se
produzca
por
azar
consecuencia- ser transmitida en mayor grado a la siguiente generacin. desde la
no-vida,
por lo tanto
comparacin
del sr. Ayala,
esartculo
similar aque
la comparacin
artculo presenta
loslasiguientes
problemas:
1. Es un
no tiene nadade
dela
lotera,
y
simplemente
no
aplica
y
no
puede
refutar
lo
expuesto
aqu.
La
comparacin
cientfico, y lo que hace es seguir predicando la religin de la teora de la evolucin
de
Ayala, puede
ser
considerada
como
unavivos
cortina
de humo (o
un factor
de
de F.
lasJ.especies,
pues
especula
que los
seres
evolucionan
hacia
especies
distraccin)
que
procura
desde
una
manera
cmica,
desviar
la
atencin
del
asunto
superiores, por medio de ciertas mutaciones que pueden adaptarse al medio
tratado. El cuando
chiste que
utiliza es: Mison
oponente
noComo
existe,
pornunca
lo tanto
puedosolo
discutir
ambiente
las variaciones
ptimas.
eso
se no
ha visto,
la fe
con
l.
El
sr.
Ayala
solo
puede
reconocer
que
todos
los
das
se
estn
formando
puede llevar a alguien a aceptarlo. 2. El artculo dice que la evolucin es posible
nuevos
seres
humanos
debido
al
acto existe
de procreacin,
mientras
que en
ninguno de
probabilsticamente
Julio
Csar
Clavijo
Sierra
hablando,
hac eporque
3 aos
un mecanismo
llamado
seleccin
nuestros
das,
los seres
hemos podido
ver el
surgimiento
de la
vida desde
natural, por
la humanos
cual
los seres
pueden
filtrar
el
azar, para
(Respuesta
amedio
Cmos,de
parte
1) Hola
Cmos,vivos
saludos
cordiales
y gracias
porpermitir
opinar que
en mi
la
no-vida.
El
sr.
Ayala
es
un
buen
cmico,
pero
es
un
mal
defensor
de
su
posicin,
ocurra
la
evolucin,
al
transmitir
de
generacin
en
generacin
las
variaciones
blog Jess el nico Dios. Usted ha trado apartes de una entrevista realizada al neopues
si hubiera
podido
refutar
imposibilidad
probabilstica
deque
quepuede
la vidatraer
se forme
exitosas.
Como
puedes
ver,
ella
artculo
asume que
esvemos
la vidaque
la
orden.
darwinista
Francisco
Jos
Ayala.
Lamentablemente,
los argumentos
del
desde
la
no-vida,
lo
que
debera
haber
hecho,
es
demostrar
por
medio
de
un
modelo
Por
ende,
ese
argumento
en
vez
de
hacerle
un
bien
a
la
teora
evolutiva,
lo
que
le
sr. Ayala estn condenados al fracaso, pues l concentra toda su argumentacin en la
matemtico
serio y cientfico,
quesera
la probabilidad
de queque
se forme
una protena
es la
hace esque
un tremendo
dao, pues
insensato
pensar
la vida
desde
mentira
dice inicialmente,
por medio
de la cual
sostiene que
no provino
hay ningn
muchsimo
ms
grande
que
lo
que
exponen
los
creacionistas,
y
que
por
lo
tanto
la
no-vida
segn
punto de vista
todava
haba
agujero (cuando
en la teora
de laelevolucin
de lasevolucionista,
especies y que
esta no
est
msvida
que que

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CMos hac e 3 aos

Entrevistador: Los creacionistas repiten una y otra vez que no hay pruebas de la
evolucin. F. J. Ayala: El antievolucionismo est en la calle, pero no tiene ningn
impacto en el mundo cientfico. No hay ningn agujero en la teora de la
evolucin. Est ms comprobada que la teora heliocntrica, que dice que la
Tierra gira alrededor del Sol y no al revs, o que la teora atmica, segn la cual
la materia est hecha de tomos. Slo hay dos cientficos que escriben a favor
del diseo inteligente, Michael Behe, un bioqumico de la Universidad Lehigh que
escribe falacias, y William Dembski, quien tiene formacin matemtica y dice que
el
clculo
probabilidades
que la evolucin sea imposible sin un
Julio
CsardeClavijo
Sierra hachace
e 3 aos
diseador. Yo he escrito en algn sitio que no discuto con Dembski porque no
Hola and_one_dm, saludos cordiales y gracias por participar en mi blog Jess el
existe. Entrevistador: Cmo! F. J. Ayala: La probabilidad de que William Dembski
nico Dios. T me pides que te haga un clculo probabilstico acerca de la
exista es ms pequea todava que la probabilidad de que exista una de las
posibilidad de que un Ser Todopoderoso haya sido quien realmente cre la vida. No
protenas que l dice que son imposibles sin un diseador. A lo largo de su vida,
obstante, no debas haberte molestado por pedir nuevos clculos, pues los que ya
un hombre produce billones de espermatozoides, todos genticamente distintos.
se han presentado en este artculo sirven tambin para dicho fin.
Una mujer produce, por su parte, unos quinientos huevos durante su vida. La
lugar de pedir, lo que deberas haber hecho para refutar de una manera contundente
probabilidad de que el espermatozoide que diera lugar a Dembski fecundara el
lo que en este artculo se dice, es presentando un clculo probabilstico serio,
huevo que diera lugar a Dembski es un nmero muy pequeo, el equivalente uno
basado sobre modelos serios, en los que puedas demostrar que s es
entre varios billones -el espermatozoide Dembski- multiplicado por uno entre
probabilsticamente
posible
que
vida puede provenir de la no vida solo por azar.
Julio Csar Clavijo Sierra
hac
e 3la
aos
quinientos -el vulo de Dembski-. Si retrocedes hasta sus abuelos, la
Incluso, podras haber hecho algo mejor, y es demostrarme por medio de pruebas
Hola Angelus.de
Gracias
por participar
blog Jess
el nico
Dios.
probabilidad
que exista
Dembskien
semi
convierte
en uno
dividido
por un uno
absolutamente verdicas que has visto a la vida formndose desde la no vida. Por
que el artculo
sobre oelsetenta
que estamos
no fuecon
escrito
m. El autor es
seguido
de sesenta
ceros, comentando,
y va reducindose
cadapor
generacin.
ejemplo, deberas haberme citado al grupo de cientficos y el laboratorio donde han
Jason
Dulle
y
yo
hice
la
traduccin
al
espaol.
El
hecho
de
que
dicho
artculo tenga
As que Dembski no existe y, por tanto, no hay que perder tiempo discutiendo
podido traer a la existencia vida desde la no vida. Puedes hacerlo? Porque si tienes
algunos
elementos
en comn
otros
artculos,
no quiere
queque
seaperder
pirateado
con
l. Diria
que ... Julio
Csar con
Clavijo
Sierra
no existe
asi quedecir
no hay
el
esa informacin no debes ocultarla sino sacarla de una vez a la luz pblica para cerrar
de
ellos,
pues
si
esto
fuera
as,
entonces
tendramos
que
concluir
que
todo
artculo
tiempo discutiendo con el.
este debate de una buena vez. Si probabilsticamente hablando NO es posible que la
tendra que ser necesariamente pirateado de otro, simplemente porque tiene
vida haya provenido de la materia inerte, entonces tiene que haber una causa externa
elementos en comn. Habiendo hecho esta necesaria aclaracin inicial, paso a
al mundo fsico que haya originado el universo y tambin la vida.
responder sus argumentos en el mismo orden en que usted los expuso.
externa al universo, entonces tiene que ser inmaterial. Como dio origen al universo
mayor
informacin
and_one_dm
hac esobre
3 aossu inquietud respecto al argumento de que la posibilidad de
entonces tiene que ser eterna. Esa causa externa tiene que poseer una gran
que se forme una sola protena es de 1 en 10.164, lo invito a que siga este enlace:
Con
respectoporque
a la veracidad
de tuscreado,
resultados
me referir,
solo teque
sugiero
me
inteligencia,
en el universo
por no
doquiera
se aprecia
todo que
se rige
http://theosophical.wordpress.com/2009/12/19/signature-in-the-cell-part-4hagas
el
mismo
calculo
pero
acerca
de
la
posibilidad
de
que
un
ser
superior
por ciertas leyes naturales que demuestran que esa inteligencia externa es un gran
assessing-the-chance-hypothesis-for-the-origin-of-life/ 2. A cunto asciende el
todopoderoso
sea quien realmente creo la vida ....... (no omitas ceros que tengo un
diseador.
nmero tan grande de elementos qumicos que existe en el universo? Deme una cifra
monitor bastante grande) ;)
basada en algn estudio serio, y entonces podemos pasar a analizar la capacidad de
esos recursos probabilsticos de formar la vida desde la no vida. Recuerde adems
que esos elementos qumicos, que en este caso se consideran como recursos
probabilsitos, solo podran llegar a tener xito bajo otras variables como una
and_one_dm hac e 3 aos
gravedad como la de la tierra, una atmsfera como la tierra, una distancia como la que
Puedes
aplicar
ahoray las
probabilidades
de que
hallamosaplicar
sido creados
un ser
existe entre
la tierra
el sol,
etc, etc. As que
no pueden
a todo elpor
universo.
supremo?
Eso afecta notablemente su argumento. 3. Es interesante que usted reconozca que el
origen de la vida no es como sacarse la lotera. En eso ya llevamos un buen terreno
adelantado. 4. Por supuesto, en este artculo no se toca el tema de que Jess es
Dios (manifestado en carne), pues el propsito del artculo es reflexionar en que
Angelus
hac e 3 aoshablando, es imposible sostener que la vida se form por azar
probabilsticamente
desdecomillas
la no-vida.
El hecho
de queque
por: "medio
de este artculo
nouna
se sola
pueda
concluir
Entre
te citare:
1.- dices
La probabilidad
de que
protena
que Jessllegara
sea Dios,
no quiere
que eso
verdad,
como ya lo
funcional
a formarse
pordecir
casualidad
esno
desea
1 en
10164.pues
"
aclaramos,
es el tema de
en cuestin
en este
momento.
para con que
que
se basaese
esano
conclusin?
donde sacas
ese
numero?,dem
es decir,
la Biblia es
o no verdad.elUsted
se despide
diciendo
que pensar es si
gratis,
pero
estudios
fundamentas
asceverar
que esa
es la probabilidad?...y
tienes
los eso
solo podra te
serpediria
verdadque
cuando
se piensa
de cualquier
manera.
Un pensamiento sabio
"estudios",
los cites,
para conocer
el estudio
probabilistico.
realmente
Omitiendo cuesta.
el hecho de que tu "aproximacion probabilistica", no se basa en ningun
estudio o modelo matematico real, y unicamente es un numero tirado "al azar",
lamento decirte que en el universo a diferencia de la loteria, existe un numero tan
grande de elementos quimicos, por lo cual los recursos probabilisticos son mucho
mayores de lo que intentas exponer. 3.- tienes razon el origen de la vida no es como
el de sacarse la loteria, en la loteria tenemos un numero muy reducido de personas,

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