The inverter is the power electronic circuit, which converts the DC voltage into AC voltage. The DC source is normally a battery or output of the controlled rectifi
The inverter is the power electronic circuit, which converts the DC voltage into AC voltage. The DC source is normally a battery or output of the controlled rectifi
The inverter is the power electronic circuit, which converts the DC voltage into AC voltage. The DC source is normally a battery or output of the controlled rectifi
The inverter is the power electronic circuit, which converts the DC voltage into AC voltage. The DC source is normally a battery or output of the controlled rectifier. The output voltage waveform of the inverter can be square wave, quasi-square wave or low distorted sine wave. The output voltage can be controlled with the help of drives of the switches. The pulse width modulation techniques are most commonly used to control the output voltage of inverters. Such inverters are called as PWM inverters. The output voltage of the inverter contain harmonics whenever it is not sinusoidal. These harmonics can be reduced by using proper control schemes. What are the various types of Inverters? Inverters can be broadly classified into two types. They are Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) Current Source Inverter (CSI) When the DC voltage remains constant, then it is called voltage inverter(VSI) or voltage fed inverter (VFI). When input current is maintained constant, then it is called current source inverter (CSI) or current fed inverter (CFI). Sometimes, the DC input voltage to the inverter is controlled to adjust the output. Such inverters are called variable DC link inverters. The inverters can have single phase or three-phase output. A voltage source inverter is fed by a stiff dc voltage, whereas a current source inverter is fed by a stiff current source. A voltage source can be converted to a current source by connecting a series inductance and then varying the voltage to obtain the desired current. A VSI can also be operated in current-controlled mode, and similarly a CSI can also be operated in the voltage control mode. The inverters are used in variable frequency ac motor drives, uninterrupted power supplies, induction heating, static VAR compensators, etc.
The following table gives us the comparative study between VSI and CSI
VSI CSI VSI is fed from a DC voltage source having small or negligible impedance. CSI is fed with adjustable current from a DC voltage source of high impedance. Input voltage is maintained constant The input current is constant but adjustable. Output voltage does not dependent on the load The amplitude of output current is independent of the load. The waveform of the load current as well as its magnitude depends upon the nature of load impedance. The magnitude of output voltage and its waveform depends upon the nature of the load impedance. VSI requires feedback diodes The CSI does not require any feedback diodes. The commutation circuit is complicated Commutation circuit is simple as it contains only capacitors. Power BJT, Power MOSFET, IGBT, GTO with self commutation can be used in the circuit. They cannot be used as these devices have to withstand reverse voltage.
Single Phase Half Bridge Inverter It is also known as "inverter leg". Basic building blocks for full bridge, three phase and higher order inverters. There are 2 switches by dividing the dc source voltage into two parts with the capacitors. Each capacitor has the same value and has voltage Vdc / 2. The top (S1) and bottom (S2) switch must be complementary to each other. (When S1 is closed, S2 must be opened and vise versa)
Feedback (freewheeling) diodes are required to provide continuity of current for inductive loads. It provides current to flow even switches are opened.
Single Phase Full Bridge Converter Full bridge converter is also basic circuit to convert dc to ac. An ac output is synthesized from a dc input by closing and opening switches in an appropriate sequence. There are also four different states depending on which switches are closed.
State 3 and State 4 Switches S1 and S4 should not be closed at the same time. S2 and S3 should be be closed in parallel too. Otherwise, a short circuit would exist across the dc source. Real switches do not turn on or off instantaneously. Hence, switching transition times must be accommodated in the control of switches. Overlap of switch "on" will cause short circuit (shoot-through fault) across the dc voltage source. The time allowed for switching is called blanking time. Square-wave Inverter The figure below is the simple square-wave inverter to show the concept of AC waveform generation.
The current waveform in the load depends on the load components. The current waveform matches the shape of the output voltage for the resistive load. The current will have more sinusoidal quality than the voltage for the inductive load because of the filtering property of the inductance. For a series RL load and a square wave output voltage, switches S1 and S2 is