CHAPTER 1: An Invitation to Social Psychology

MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Social psychology can be defined as the ____________ study of the ____________ of individuals in
social situations.
a. intuitive; behaviors
b. scientific; behaviors
c. scientific; feelings, thoughts, and behaviors
d. behavioral; thoughts and feelings
ANS: C D!: "asy #"!: Characteri$ing Social %sychology
&'(: !actual
). *hich of the follo+ing Supre,e Court rulings +as heavily influenced by social psychological
research-
a. Roe v. Wade c. Marbury v. Madison
b. Brown v. Board of Education d. Miranda v. Arizona
ANS: ' D!: "asy #"!: Characteri$ing Social %sychology
&'(: !actual
.. /Absence ,a0es the heart gro+ fonder1 and /out of sight, out of ,ind1 are both co,,on sayings.
A2n3 ____________ is ,ost li0ely to conduct an e4peri,ent to identify the conditions or situations
under +hich each of these assertions is accurate.
a. personality psychologist c. sociologist
b. social psychologist d. anthropologist
ANS: ' D!: "asy #"!: Characteri$ing Social %sychology
&'(: !actual
5. Sandra thin0s that s,iling a lot during a 6ob intervie+ increases a person7s chances of getting a 6ob
offer. 8he ,ain difference bet+een Sandra7s fol0 theory and social psychological theories is that social
psychological theories are
a. al+ays ,ore co,plicated. c. based on logic.
b. al,ost al+ays counterintuitive. d. put to the test.
ANS: D D!: 9ediu, #"!: Characteri$ing Social %sychology
&'(: !actual
:. Social psychologists differ fro, personality psychologists because social psychologists tend to
a. rely pri,arily on correlational research.
b. argue that genetics do not e4ert causal effects on social behavior.
c. e4a,ine the influence of situations on behaviors.
d. stress individual differences in behavior.
ANS: C D!: 9ediu, #"!: Characteri$ing Social %sychology
&'(: !actual
;. *hich of the follo+ing is <"AS8 characteristic of the goals of social psychology-
a. understanding ho+ people in different cultures thin0, feel, and behave
b. understanding ho+ people control each others7 behaviors
c. evaluating the accuracy of fol0 theories about ho+ situations influence behavior
d. understanding ho+ personality traits predispose people to respond to social situations
ANS: D D!: 9ediu, #"!: Characteri$ing Social %sychology
&'(: Conceptual
=. (ac>uie and ?aren are both interested in the topic of divorce. (ac>uie is a social psychologist and
?aren is a sociologist. Co,pared to ?aren, +hich of the follo+ing >uestions is (ac>uie ,ost li0ely
to as0-
a. Do different divorce la+s influence divorce rates-
b. Are divorce rates higher a,ong people +ho are ,ore educated-
c. *hy does infidelity lead to divorce-
d. s divorce ,ore prevalent in Northern states relative to Southern states-
ANS: C D!: 9ediu, #"!: Characteri$ing Social %sychology
&'(: Conceptual
@. *hich of the follo+ing pheno,ena best illustrates the relationship bet+een social influence and
behavior-
a. acting ,ore cooperative +hen you are in a good ,ood 2as opposed to a bad ,ood3
b. preferring to drive +ith the car radio on 2as opposed to off3
c. cycling faster +hen people are +atching you 2as opposed to +hen you are alone3
d. getting into ,ore argu,ents +hen the te,perature is above @A degrees 2as opposed to
under @A degrees3
ANS: C D!: Difficult #"!: Characteri$ing Social %sychology
&'(: Conceptual
B. ?urt <e+in7s concept, the field of forces, e,phasi$es that ____________ underlie2s3 ,uch of hu,an
behavior.
a. genetics c. the characteristics of a situation
b. physical sti,ulation d. natural selection
ANS: C D!: "asy #"!: 8he %o+er of the Situation
&'(: !actual
1A. ?urt <e+in, the founder of ,odern social psychology, argued that the effects of psychological forces
can be understood in the sa,e +ay that ____________ are understood.
a. physical forces c. personality forces
b. attribute forces d. ar,ed forces
ANS: A D!: "asy #"!: 8he %o+er of the Situation
&'(: !actual
11. #esearch on ______________ suggests it is ______________ for people to assu,e that dispositions
are the underlying causes of ,ost behaviors.
a. the funda,ental attribution error; co,,on
b. the funda,ental attribution error; unco,,on
c. obedience to authority; co,,on
d. obedience to authority; unco,,on
ANS: A D!: "asy #"!: 8he %o+er of the Situation
&'(: !actual
1). 8he classic 9ilgra, study sho+ed that about
a. 1 percent of participants delivered a ..ACvolt shoc0 to the /learner.1
b. 1A percent of participants delivered no shoc0s to the /learner.1
c. )A percent of participants delivered a 5:ACvolt shoc0 to the /learner.1
d. ;A percent of participants delivered a 5:ACvolt shoc0 to the /learner.1
ANS: D D!: 9ediu, #"!: 8he %o+er of the Situation
&'(: !actual
1.. According to social psychologists, +hich of the follo+ing conditions is ,ost li0ely to ,a0e so,eone
do +hat an authority figure says to doDeven if it involves hurting so,eone-
a. +hen people 0no+ ahead of ti,e that an authority figure +ill be ordering the, around
b. +hen people have been raised in abusive fa,ilies
c. +hen people can bla,e an authority figure for their actions
d. +hen people are used to hurting other people
ANS: C D!: 9ediu, #"!: 8he %o+er of the Situation
&'(: !actual
15. 8he /Eood Sa,aritan1 study conducted by Darley and 'atson 21B=.3 e4a,ined helping behavior in
se,inary students at %rinceton Fniversity. 8hese students +ere either rushed or not rushed to get to an
appoint,ent. #esults of this study sho+ed that
a. participants +ho vie+ed religion as a ,eans to+ard personal gain +ere less li0ely to help
so,eone than participants +ho vie+ed religion as a ,eans to+ard ,oral and spiritual
values.
b. +hen rushed, only participants +ho vie+ed religion as a ,eans to+ard personal gains +ere
less li0ely to help so,eone.
c. +hen rushed, only participants +ho vie+ed religion as a ,eans to+ard ,oral and spiritual
values +ere less li0ely to help so,eone.
d. the nature of participants7 religious orientation did not predict helping behavior; only being
rushed or not predicted helping.
ANS: D D!: 9ediu, #"!: 8he %o+er of the Situation
&'(: !actual
1:. Gour +aiter see,s to be doing everything +rong. He has forgotten to ta0e your drin0 order. He
delivers so,eone else7s food to your table. He does not co,e out and say it, but his facial e4pressions
see, to say he7d rather be so,eplace else. f you assu,e his behavior is caused pri,arily by
____________, your assu,ption is consistent +ith the funda,ental attribution error.
a. channel factors
b. situational factors he can control
c. his disposition
d. situational factors beyond his control
ANS: C D!: "asy #"!: 8he %o+er of the Situation
&'(: Applied
1;. *hich of the follo+ing scenarios is <"AS8 consistent +ith the funda,ental attribution error-
a. *hen so,eone s+erves into your lane +hile driving, you thin0 to yourself, /8his person is
a terrible driverI1
b. *hen so,eone at a party s,iles at you, you thin0 to yourself, /8his person s,iles at
everyone.1
c. *hen you slip and fall do+n at a shopping ,all, you thin0 to yourself, / +as born
clu,syI1
d. *hen so,eone tal0s loudly to his or her friend on the bus, you thin0 to yourself, /8his
person ,ight be tal0ing to so,eone +ho has a hearing proble,.1
ANS: D D!: Difficult #"!: 8he %o+er of the Situation
&'(: Applied
1=. 8he president of a fraternity +ants to increase the nu,ber of fraternity ,e,bers +ho volunteer for
nonprofit organi$ations in the co,,unity. ?urt <e+in7s concept of channel factors suggests the
president should
a. induce guilt a,ong ,e,bers +ho are not currently volunteering.
b. provide infor,ation about +hen and ho+ ,e,bers ,ight volunteer.
c. offer a pri$e to the ,e,ber +ho volunteers the ,ost hours.
d. as0 ,e,bers to publicly co,,it to a particular volunteering opportunity.
ANS: ' D!: Difficult #"!: 8he %o+er of the Situation
&'(: Applied
1@. *hich of the follo+ing concepts is ,ost relevant to people +ho +ant to get so,eone to act on his or
her intentions-
a. channel factors c. tension syste,s
b. the funda,ental attribution error d. naturalistic fallacy
ANS: A D!: "asy #"!: 8he %o+er of the Situation
&'(: Conceptual
1B. ____________ psychology stresses the fact that ob6ects are perceived by active, usually unconscious,
interpretations of +hat the ob6ect represents as a +hole.
a. 'ehavioral c. Cognitive
b. Eestalt d. %ersonality
ANS: ' D!: "asy #"!: 8he #ole of Construal
&'(: !actual
)A. 8he ter, construal refers to
a. an e4pectation about ho+ group ,e,bers should behave.
b. a personal interpretation about situations and other people7s behaviors.
c. perceiving situations by ,eans of an auto,atic registering device.
d. generali$ed 0no+ledge about the physical and social +orld.
ANS: ' D!: "asy #"!: 8he #ole of Construal
&'(: !actual
)1. Sche,as are i,portant because they
a. are elaborate stores of syste,ati$ed 0no+ledge.
b. guide our e4pectations for a +ide range of situations.
c. influence our 6udg,ents.
d. All of the above are true.
ANS: D D!: "asy #"!: 8he #ole of Construal
&'(: !actual
)). %roJaffir,ative action advocates try to activate sche,as related to ____________, +hereas antiJ
affir,ative action advocates try to activate sche,as related to ____________.
a. fairness; diversity. c. African A,ericans; Caucasians.
b. diversity; fairness. d. Caucasians; African A,ericans.
ANS: ' D!: 9ediu, #"!: 8he #ole of Construal
&'(: !actual
).. (udy is al+ays co,pli,enting people she +or0s +ith. 'ob, one of (udy7s best friends, thin0s that (udy
is genuinely thoughtful and friendly. Sarah, +ho does not 0no+ (udy +ell, thin0s that Sarah is shallo+
and fa0e. 8his e4a,ple suggests ho+ friendship influences
a. behaviors. c. construals.
b. personality. d. fol0 theories.
ANS: C D!: 9ediu, #"!: 8he #ole of Construal
&'(: Applied
)5. *hich of the follo+ing scenarios best illustrates ho+ a construal can be changed by a life event-
a. <isa got a /'1 on her paper and 6u,ped for 6oy. *hen she learned that her friends got a
better grade, she cried over her /'.1
b. <isa got a /'1 on her paper and felt confused. She decided to as0 her teacher +hy she did
not receive a higher grade.
c. <isa +or0ed on her paper for ten days. She cried +hen she found out she got a /'.1
d. <isa cried +hen she got a /'1 on her paper, even though she 0ne+ the paper +as not all
that great.
ANS: A D!: Difficult #"!: 8he #ole of Construal
&'(: Applied
):. According to research discussed in the te4tboo0, +hich of the follo+ing ,ethods is ,ost clearly suited
for testing +hether construals e4ert a causal effect on ga,e perfor,ance-
a. ,anipulating the na,e of a ga,e
b. ,anipulating roo, te,perature during the ga,e
c. ,anipulating ,oods after a ga,e has been played
d. ,anipulating the age of study participants
ANS: A D!: Difficult #"!: 8he #ole of Construal
&'(: Applied
);. %rofessor Hansen e4pects that students +ill sit >uietly and ta0e notes during his large lecture course.
8hus, a student +ho tal0s in class and never opens a noteboo0 violates %rofessor Hansen7s
____________ about students.
a. theory of ,ind c. construal
b. auto,aticity d. sche,a
ANS: D D!: "asy #"!: 8he #ole of Construal
&'(: Conceptual
)=. A stereotype is best characteri$ed as a type of ____________.
a. sche,a. c. attribution.
b. channel factor. d. theory of ,ind.
ANS: A D!: "asy #"!: 8he #ole of Construal
&'(: Conceptual
)@. 8he ,ind processes infor,ation in t+o different +ays +hen you encounter a social situation.
Auto,atic processing is often based on _________________, +hereas controlled processing is often
based on ____________.
a. careful thought; e,otional factors.
b. e,otional factors; careful thought.
c. dispositional factors; situational factors
d. situational factors; dispositional factors.
ANS: ' D!: "asy #"!: Auto,atic versus Controlled %rocessing
&'(: !actual
)B. Studies that sho+ that unpre6udiced people can still sho+ negative i,plicit attitudes to+ard people of
different races highlight the i,portance of distinguishing bet+een
a. conscious and unconscious processing.
b. unconscious and auto,atic processing.
c. conscious and e4plicit processing.
d. stereotypes and sche,as.
ANS: A D!: 9ediu, #"!: Auto,atic versus Controlled %rocessing
&'(: Conceptual
.A. 8he ,ain difference bet+een unconscious processes and controlled processes is that unconscious
processes
a. are ,ore accurate.
b. run only serially.
c. are ,ore li0ely to influence behavior.
d. can operate in parallel.
ANS: D D!: 9ediu, #"!: Auto,atic versus Controlled %rocessing
&'(: !actual
.1. #esearch conducted by 'argh, Chen, and 'urro+s 21BB;3 illustrates ho+ see,ingly trivial aspects of a
situation can influence behavior in +ays that people are not a+are of. 8hese researchers sho+ed that
a. people +ill +al0 ,ore slo+ly after hearing +ords related to the elderly 2for e4a,ple,
/cane,1 /!lorida13 than +ords unrelated to the elderly.
b. +hen people encounter novel sti,uli +ith their ar, e4tended a+ay fro, their body, their
attitudes to+ard these sti,uli tend to be ,ore favorable than +hen their ar, is fle4ed 2bent
bac0 to+ard the shoulder3.
c. people are ,ore cooperative +hen they play /8he *all Street Ea,e1 than the
/Co,,unity Ea,e.1
d. people process different facial features in parallel.
ANS: A D!: 9ediu, #"!: Auto,atic versus Controlled %rocessing
&'(: !actual
.). Gou are driving ho,e fro, school, and suddenly you reali$e that you haven7t noticed anything you7ve
driven past for the last fe+ ,inutes. *hich type of unconscious processing is this-
a. "4plicit processing.
b. Eenerating beliefs +ithout being a+are of the cognitive processes involved.
c. Sche,aCbased processing.
d. S0ill ac>uisition.
ANS: D D!: "asy #"!: Auto,atic versus Controlled %rocessing
&'(: !actual
... *hile boarding a plane, Doug feels fear +hen he notices another passenger sitting in his seat loo0ing
agitated and s+eating profusely. n this situation,
a. his e,otional reaction is probably controlled by careful, syste,atic thought.
b. his e,otional reaction probably occurs before careful, syste,atic thought ta0es over.
c. careful, syste,atic thought is probably controlled by his e,otional reaction.
d. careful, syste,atic thought probably occurs before his e,otional reaction ta0es over.
ANS: ' D!: "asy #"!: Auto,atic versus Controlled %rocessing
&'(: Conceptual
.5. ____________ operates to ,old ani,als and plants so that traits that enhance the probability of
survival are passed on to subse>uent generations.
a. Social Dar+inis, c. Natural selection
b. Naturalistic fallacy d. Connectionis,
ANS: C D!: "asy
#"!: "volution and Hu,an 'ehavior: Ho+ *e Are the Sa,e &'(: !actual
.:. *hich of the follo+ing practices do people share +ith ani,als, especially higher pri,ates-
a. facial e4pressions c. +ariness around spiders
b. group living d. 'oth a and b are correct.
ANS: D D!: "asy
#"!: "volution and Hu,an 'ehavior: Ho+ *e Are the Sa,e &'(: !actual
.;. 8he naturalistic fallacy refers to the clai, that
a. things should be different fro, the +ay they are no+.
b. people can overco,e ,any things they are predisposed to do.
c. the process of evolution can select for disadvantageous characteristics.
d. the +ay things are is the +ay they should be.
ANS: D D!: "asy
#"!: "volution and Hu,an 'ehavior: Ho+ *e Are the Sa,e &'(: !actual
.=. 8he te4t describes a study in +hich children +ere sho+n a candy bo4 +ith the lid closed. 8he
researcher as0ed the, to predict +hat +as in the bo4. Naturally, the children said, /Candy.1 Ne4t, the
researcher sho+ed the children that, in reality, there +ere pencils in the bo4. !inally, the researcher
as0ed the children to predict +hat a friend +ill say is in the bo4. ____________ tend to say
____________.
a. Nor,al 5CyearColds; /pencils.1
b. Nor,al 5CyearColds; /candy.1
c. Autistic 5CyearColds; /candy.1
d. Autistic 5CyearColds; nothing, because they have not ac>uired language.
ANS: ' D!: 9ediu,
#"!: "volution and Hu,an 'ehavior: Ho+ *e Are the Sa,e &'(: !actual
.@. According to evolutionary theory, ,ales put ____________ invest,ent in their offspring than fe,ales
because ,ales ____________.
a. less; have ,ore opportunities to produce offspring.
b. ,ore; have fe+er opportunities to produce offspring.
c. less; are ,ore li0ely to die before their offspring reach ,aturity.
d. ,ore; are less li0ely to die before their offspring each ,aturity.
ANS: A D!: 9ediu,
#"!: "volution and Hu,an 'ehavior: Ho+ *e Are the Sa,e &'(: !actual
.B. &ne of the ,ost co,,only used social neuroscience techni>ues is 0no+n as functional ,agnetic
resonance i,aging. 8his techni>ue detects ____________ to deter,ine +hich parts of the brain are
active during certain activities.
a. electrical activity c. blood flo+
b. radio active isotopes d. neurotrans,itter levels
ANS: C D!: Difficult
#"!: "volution and Hu,an 'ehavior: Ho+ *e Are the Sa,e &'(: !actual
5A. *hy is Social Dar+inis, a distorted application of Dar+in7s theory-
a. t assu,es that so,e groups of people are ,ore deserving of survival than others.
b. t assu,es that ,any characteristics that people share are the result of natural selection.
c. t assu,es that so,e groups of people are stronger than others.
d. t assu,es that ,any hu,an behaviors and institutions are universal.
ANS: A D!: "asy
#"!: "volution and Hu,an 'ehavior: Ho+ *e Are the Sa,e &'(: Conceptual
51. *hich of the follo+ing state,ents is N&8 consistent +ith the evolutionary perspective-
a. %eople share ,any practices and institutions +ith ani,als, especially higher pri,ates.
b. 'ehavioral propensities are sub6ect to selection pressures.
c. %hysical characteristics are sub6ect to selection pressures.
d. *hat +e are biologically predisposed to do is +hat +e inevitably +ill do.
ANS: D D!: 9ediu,
#"!: "volution and Hu,an 'ehavior: Ho+ *e Are the Sa,e &'(: Conceptual
5). 8heory of ,ind is i,portant for group living because it
a. is necessary for language ac>uisition.
b. can treat autis,.
c. can prevent ,isunderstandings that could lead to aggression or death.
d. decreases selection pressures.
ANS: C D!: 9ediu,
#"!: "volution and Hu,an 'ehavior: Ho+ *e Are the Sa,e &'(: Conceptual
5.. *hat advantage do social neuroscience techni>ues 2such as functional ,agnetic resonance i,aging3
have over other research ,ethods used in social psychology-
a. Neuroscience techni>ues distinguish bet+een pro4i,al and distal causes of behavior.
b. Neuroscience techni>ues correlate social behavior +ith regions of brain activity.
c. Neuroscience techni>ues distinguish bet+een cultural and evolutionary causes of behavior.
d. Neuroscience techni>ues correlate individual behavior +ith evolutionary causes.
ANS: ' D!: Difficult
#"!: "volution and Hu,an 'ehavior: Ho+ *e Are the Sa,e &'(: Conceptual
55. n an individualist culture, a person7s sense of self tends to be based largely on
a. personal achieve,ents. c. political or religious values.
b. bringing credit to his or her fa,ily. d. group ,e,bership.
ANS: A D!: "asy
#"!: Culture and Hu,an 'ehavior: Ho+ *e Are Different &'(: !actual
5:. Societies ,ay differ fro, each other in ,any +ays, but it is i,portant to recogni$e that
a. there are still regional and subcultural differences +ithin any large society.
b. people living +ithin the sa,e society tend to thin0 and behave si,ilarly.
c. there are fe+ individual differences +ithin a society.
d. broad generali$ations about psychological differences bet+een societies rarely are
supported by research findings.
ANS: A D!: "asy
#"!: Culture and Hu,an 'ehavior: Ho+ *e Are Different &'(: Applied
5;. n the Fnited States, a large lu4ury sedan is ,ar0eted by the slogan, /!eel good about yourself. Drive
a <e4,ar0.1 According to broad generali$ations surrounding the individualistCcollectivist
distinction, +hy ,ight this slogan be less successful in (apan-
a. because people in (apan already have e4tre,ely high levels of selfCestee,
b. because people in (apan do not have a strong need to feel good about the,selves
c. because people in (apan are less ,aterialistic than A,ericans
d. because people in (apan prefer s,aller, ,ore inti,ate cars
ANS: ' D!: 9ediu,
#"!: Culture and Hu,an 'ehavior: Ho+ *e Are Different &'(: Applied
5=. *hich of the follo+ing is a funda,ental difference bet+een individualist and collectivist cultures-
a. ndependent cultures tend to value status and success, +hereas collectivist cultures do not.
b. ndependent cultures have fe+ social nor,s, +hereas collectivist cultures do.
c. ndependent cultures tend to vie+ relationships +ith other people as voluntary, +hereas
collectivists do not.
d. ndependent cultures tend to e,phasi$e hierarchical relationships +ith others, +hereas
collectivist cultures do not.
ANS: C D!: 9ediu,
#"!: Culture and Hu,an 'ehavior: Ho+ *e Are Different &'(: Conceptual
5@. *hich state,ent is ,ost consistent +ith the beliefs of an individualist culture-
a. "at, drin0, and be ,erry.
b. <ive by the s+ord, die by the s+ord.
c. Different stro0es for different fol0s.
d. 8he nail that stands out gets pounded do+n.
ANS: C D!: 9ediu,
#"!: Culture and Hu,an 'ehavior: Ho+ *e Are Different &'(: Conceptual
5B. %at has listed ten things that describes +ho he is. 8he first three are, / a, a son,1 / a, fun +hen a,
+ith ,y friends,1 and / a, a ,anager.1 %at is ,ost li0ely part of an __________________ culture.
a. evolutionary c. interdependent
b. independent d. universal
ANS: C D!: "asy
#"!: Culture and Hu,an 'ehavior: Ho+ *e Are Different &'(: Applied
:A. A reader for A,erican schoolchildren fro, the 1B.As sho+s a little boy running, +hereas a reader for
Chinese children fro, the sa,e ti,e period sho+s a boy +ith his brother. According to the te4tboo0,
+hat cultural difference does this highlight-
a. ndividualistic cultures place a higher value on selfCestee, than collectivistic cultures.
b. ndividualistic cultures e,phasi$e action, +hereas collectivistic cultures e,phasi$e
relationships.
c. ndividualistic cultures e,phasi$e active relationships, +hereas collectivistic cultures
e,phasi$e passive relationships.
d. 8his e4a,ple does not relate to any consistent cultural difference.
ANS: ' D!: Difficult
#"!: Culture and Hu,an 'ehavior: Ho+ *e Are Different &'(: Conceptual
TRUE/FALSE
1. Social psychologists test intuitions by crafting e4peri,ents that isolate the causes of behavior in social
situations.
ANS: 8 D!: "asy #"!: Characteri$ing Social %sychology
&'(: !actual
). Channel factors can appear to be uni,portant on the surface but have significant conse>uences for
behavior.
ANS: 8 D!: 9ediu, #"!: 8he %o+er of the Situation
&'(: !actual
.. %eople tend to believe that behaviors are caused by situational factors as opposed to dispositional
factors.
ANS: ! D!: "asy #"!: 8he %o+er of the Situation
&'(: Applied
5. n the 9ilgra, e4peri,ent, over ;A percent of the participants delivered the highest shoc0 possible to
the /learner.1
ANS: 8 D!: 9ediu, #"!: 8he %o+er of the Situation
&'(: Applied
:. Sche,as are stores of generali$ed 0no+ledge about the physical and social +orld.
ANS: 8 D!: "asy #"!: 8he #ole of Construal
&'(: !actual
;. Conscious processes are generally fast and can operate in parallel.
ANS: ! D!: 9ediu, #"!: Auto,atic versus Controlled %rocessing
&'(: !actual
=. 8he clai, that the +ay things are is the +ay they should be is 0no+n as the naturalistic fallacy.
ANS: 8 D!: "asy
#"!: "volution and Hu,an 'ehavior: Ho+ *e Are the Sa,e &'(: !actual
@. 8he evolutionary theorist Charles Dar+in assu,ed that natural selection is i,portant for physical
characteristics but N&8 for behavioral propensities.
ANS: ! D!: 9ediu,
#"!: "volution and Hu,an 'ehavior: Ho+ *e Are the Sa,e &'(: !actual
B. 8he theory of parental invest,ent predicts that ,ales +ill invest large >uantities of energy after
copulation in the rearing of offspring.
ANS: ! D!: Difficult
#"!: "volution and Hu,an 'ehavior: Ho+ *e Are the Sa,e &'(: Applied
1A. %ersonal uni>ueness is an i,portant aspect of selfCdefinition a,ong people living in interdependent
cultures.
ANS: ! D!: Difficult
#"!: Culture and Hu,an 'ehavior: Ho+ *e Are Different &'(: Conceptual
SHORT ANSER
1. Define social psychology and e4plain ho+ this field differs fro, the fields of personality psychology
and sociology.
ANS:
Ans+ers +ill vary
D!: 9ediu, #"!: Characteri$ing Social %sychology &'(: !actual
). *hat is a channel factor- Ho+ is this concept relevant to healthCcare usage-
ANS:
Ans+ers +ill vary
D!: 9ediu, #"!: 8he %o+er of the Situation &'(: Conceptual
.. "4plain ?urt <e+in7s concept of the field of forces. Discuss ho+ this concept is relevant to the goals
of social psychology.
ANS:
Ans+ers +ill vary
D!: Difficult #"!: 8he %o+er of the Situation &'(: Conceptual
5. *hile you are having dinner at a restaurant, your +aiter is rude and ,a0es snide co,,ents. *hat
+ould the funda,ental attribution error predict about the cause to +hich you +ill attribute the +aiter7s
behavior- *hy +ould you be li0ely to ,a0e this error-
ANS:
Ans+ers +ill vary
D!: Difficult #"!: 8he %o+er of the Situation &'(: Conceptual
:. *hat is a construal- Describe t+o different +ays in +hich a person ,ight construe the sa,e situation.
ANS:
Ans+ers +ill vary
D!: "asy #"!: 8he #ole of Construal &'(: !actual
;. Co,pare and contrast sche,as and stereotypes. n addition, describe t+o +ays in +hich sche,as
,ight influence behavior in social situations.
ANS:
Ans+ers +ill vary
D!: 9ediu, #"!: 8he #ole of Construal &'(: Conceptual
=. "4plain +hat controlled and auto,atic processes are and give one e4a,ple of each.
ANS:
Ans+ers +ill vary
D!: 9ediu, #"!: Auto,atic versus Controlled %rocessing
&'(: Applied
@. *hat is the naturalistic fallacy- "4plain ho+ this pheno,enon is relevant to racis,.
ANS:
Ans+ers +ill vary
D!: 9ediu, #"!: "volution and Hu,an 'ehavior: Ho+ *e Are the Sa,e
&'(: !actual
B. Describe t+o aspects of e,otion that appear to be universalDthat is, co,,on across ,any different
cultures. *hy, according to the evolutionary perspective, +ould different cultures ,anifest these
co,,onalities-
ANS:
Ans+ers +ill vary
D!: Difficult #"!: "volution and Hu,an 'ehavior: Ho+ *e Are the Sa,e
&'(: Applied
1A. Su,,ari$e the differences bet+een interdependent and independent cultures.
ANS:
Ans+ers +ill vary
D!: Difficult #"!: Culture and Hu,an 'ehavior: Ho+ *e Are Different
&'(: !actual